Problematika kulturnog nasleđa u sistemu prostornog planiranja u Srbiji

Although many critical observations could be addressed to Serbian planning practice, it would be unjust to say that cultural heritage is excluded form the planning process, just on the contrary - planning in Serbia is not possible without taking into account a cultural dimension of a territory on which a planning activity is taking place. If there is an international influence on this approach, then it should be rather found in the Serbian school of planning than in convention-type obligations. However, European documents, such as European Spatial Development Perspective and Guiding Principles for Sustainable Spatial Development of the European Continent will, together with their cultural component, certainly become a framework for future national planning documents and policies.Bez obzira na činjenicu što se na praksu prostornog planiranja u Srbiji mogu uputiti mnoge zamerke, bilo bi nepravedno reći da je problematika zaštite kulturnog nasleđa u njoj zanemarena – nasuprot, planiranje u Srbiji nije moguće bez razmatranja kulturne dimenzije prostora za koji se radi plan. Ukoliko se uopšte može govoriti o međunarodnom aspektu ove problematike, ona je više prisutna u školama planiranja nego u pozitivnim zakonskim propisima. Ipak, perspektive prostornog razvoja Evrope zajedno sa vodećim principima održivog razvoja Evropskog kontinenta biće nesumnjivo, sa svojom kulturnom komponentom, okvir za izradu planskih dokumenata i politika na nacionalnom nivou u budućnosti

Održivost iz perspektive nacionalnog prostornog planiranja - sa primerom francuske

The growing commitment to sustainable development is giving rise in many countries to reviews and reform of systems and policies of spatial planning. Spatial planning has a primary role in creating more sustainable patterns of development, and this has been widely recognized in EU. This paper considers how spatial planning at the national level can contribute to sustainability objectives. It addresses following questions: 1. Why is national spatial planning necessary to achieve more sustainable development? 2. What is sustainability from a spatial planning perspective? 3. How can national spatial planning contribute to sustainable development? And 4. How are national governments actually responding to sustainability through national spatial planning and with what effect? The paper is primarily based on research undertaken in the preparation of the several key planning policy documents on EU level. The emphasis of the paper is thus on environmental sustainability and the experience in EU countries -with France as a case study. It is recognized that spatial planning undertaken at the national level is important in resolving problems between environmental, social and economic sustainability.Rastuća privrženost konceptu održivog razvoja nagnala je veliki broj zemalja da preispitaju i reformišu svoje sisteme i politike prostornog planiranja. Prostorno planiranje ima primarnu ulogu u formiranju prostornih struktura, koje će u većoj meri odgovoriti doktrini održivog razvoja, što je preporuka Evropske Unije. Ovaj rad razmatra kako prostorno planiranje na nacionalnom nivou može doprineti realizaciji ciljeva održivog razvoja, kroz traženje odgovora na sledeća pitanja: 1. Zašto je nacionalno prostorno planiranje neophodno da bi ce postigao održivi razvoj? 2. Šta je održivost iz perspektive nacionalnog prostornog planiranja? 3. Kako nacionalno prostorno planiranje doprinosi održivom razvoju? 4. Kako nacionalne vlade reaguju na održivost koristeći prostorno planiranje i sa kakvim efektima? Rad je uglavnom zasnovan na istraživanjima koja su prethodila izradi nekoliko ključnih dokumenata vezanih za politike prostornog razvoja na nivou Evropske Unije, pa je težište na prikazu iskustava iz zemalja članica - sa posebnim osvrtom na iskustva Francuske. Rezultati istraživanja govore da je prostorno planiranje na nacionalnom nivou važno u pogledu sniženja tenzija između ekonomske, socijalne i envajornmentalne održivosti

Clinical considerations of drug management in chronic cardiovascular and respiratory disorders in perioperative healthcare

Introduction: Perioperative healthcare represents the care of the patient's health, before, during and after surgical intervention. There is a lot of clinical studies that confirm high incidence of cardiovascular and respiratory events during perioperative period, especially in patients who already suffer from chronic disorders of these organs and organ systems, which can be successfully prevented or minimized by adequate drug management. Methods: This paper is based on information from other reviews, clinical studies and textbooks, along with clinical experience, professional and theoretical considerations about cardiovascular and respiratory disorders' drug management in perioperative healthcare. Topics: This manuscript contains clinically relevant information about effects and adverse effects of intravenous and inhalational general anesthetics on the cardiovascular and respiratory system, as well as general and special recommendations for perioperative drug management in patients with hypertension, angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmias, bronchial asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Conclusion: Postoperative recovery process may be seriously slowed down by perioperative cardiovascular and respiratory events, especially those which can directly endanger the patient's life before, during and after general anesthesia and surgery. The take-home message of this article is that most of the potential perioperative cardiovascular and respiratory complications can be successfully prevented by rational and individually tailored drug management in perioperative period

Održivost iz perspektive nacionalnog prostornog planiranja - sa primerom francuske

The growing commitment to sustainable development is giving rise in many countries to reviews and reform of systems and policies of spatial planning. Spatial planning has a primary role in creating more sustainable patterns of development, and this has been widely recognized in EU. This paper considers how spatial planning at the national level can contribute to sustainability objectives. It addresses following questions: 1. Why is national spatial planning necessary to achieve more sustainable development? 2. What is sustainability from a spatial planning perspective? 3. How can national spatial planning contribute to sustainable development? And 4. How are national governments actually responding to sustainability through national spatial planning and with what effect? The paper is primarily based on research undertaken in the preparation of the several key planning policy documents on EU level. The emphasis of the paper is thus on environmental sustainability and the experience in EU countries -with France as a case study. It is recognized that spatial planning undertaken at the national level is important in resolving problems between environmental, social and economic sustainability.Rastuća privrženost konceptu održivog razvoja nagnala je veliki broj zemalja da preispitaju i reformišu svoje sisteme i politike prostornog planiranja. Prostorno planiranje ima primarnu ulogu u formiranju prostornih struktura, koje će u većoj meri odgovoriti doktrini održivog razvoja, što je preporuka Evropske Unije. Ovaj rad razmatra kako prostorno planiranje na nacionalnom nivou može doprineti realizaciji ciljeva održivog razvoja, kroz traženje odgovora na sledeća pitanja: 1. Zašto je nacionalno prostorno planiranje neophodno da bi ce postigao održivi razvoj? 2. Šta je održivost iz perspektive nacionalnog prostornog planiranja? 3. Kako nacionalno prostorno planiranje doprinosi održivom razvoju? 4. Kako nacionalne vlade reaguju na održivost koristeći prostorno planiranje i sa kakvim efektima? Rad je uglavnom zasnovan na istraživanjima koja su prethodila izradi nekoliko ključnih dokumenata vezanih za politike prostornog razvoja na nivou Evropske Unije, pa je težište na prikazu iskustava iz zemalja članica - sa posebnim osvrtom na iskustva Francuske. Rezultati istraživanja govore da je prostorno planiranje na nacionalnom nivou važno u pogledu sniženja tenzija između ekonomske, socijalne i envajornmentalne održivosti

POGO PIN PARASITIC IMPEDANCE CHARACTERISATION AND INFLUENCE ON PMIC SEMICONDUCTOR EVALUATION PROCES

During the semiconductor evaluation of modern Power Management Integrated Circuit (PMIC) devices, high quality Zero-Insertion-Force (ZIF) sockets must be used in order to measure many semiconductor parts with a single dedicated hardware. The most critical part of socket is contact between the device terminal and PCB. There are couples of technology processes that can provide solid contact between the device and the rest of the circuit, but the most common technology uses so called Pogo-pin, also called spring pin. Pogo pin must have as small as possible parasitic impedance, since the signal frequency and the signal power transfer between the PMIC terminal and the rest of the circuit must be without distortions, in order to obtain correct measurement results of tested devices. In some cases, influence of Pogo-pin parasitic impedance can lead to the partial damage of the device internal structure. This article should point to the potential problems using simulation results and should describe the simple procedure of Pogo-pin impedance characterization using network analyzer with appropriate aperture. Couples of measurements results from different Pogo-pin suppliers are also shown in this example with some practical results

Primena klaster analize za ocenu selekcione vrednosti F1 sejanaca krompira

Possibilities of the application of the cluster analysis in selection of potato were analyzed in this paper. Experiments were conducted in a contemporary net house of the Potato Research Center at Guča during two years, 1999 and 2000. The population of 150 genotypes obtained after crosses between two Dutch varieties (Cosmos and Van Gogh) was used as a material for investigations. Values of six traits (leaf number per plant, total leaf area of plant, mean leaf area, chlorophyll content in leaves, yield index and tuber yield per plant) were measured in F1 seedlings. The hierachical cluster analysis was applied for the estimation of phenotipic diversity among seedlings. Seedlings were grouped in four clusters (A, B, C and D). The smallest cluster A contained two superior genotypes with the highest values of investigated traits. The tuber yield of clones from A-seedlings (507,07 g) overcame a mean tuber yield in the population of clones (144,27) about 3.5 times. The cluster analysis was proved to be a useful method for estimating selection values of F1 seedlings in early selection of potato. .Oplemenjivači biljaka odabiraju superiorne genotipove iz jedne generacije za zasnivanje naredne generacije na osnovu ocene fenotipskih vrednosti većeg broja poželjnih osobina. Pri odabiranju se javlja problem zato što biljke za neke poželjne osobine imaju dobre fenotipske vrednosti, a za druge imaju loše. Broj biljaka i sastav genotipova u odabranoj grupi sa kojom se nastavlja rad često zavisi od subjektivnog pristupa oplemenjivača. Međutim, oplemenjivačima stoji na raspolaganju klaster analiza koja omogućava objektivno grupisanje biljaka po vrednostima većeg broja osobina. U ovom radu postavljena je hipoteza da primena klaster analize omogućava oplemenjivačima izdvajanje grupe superiornih genotipova po željenim osobinama koje treba odabrati za dalji rad, kao i grupe slabih genotipova koje treba odbaciti. Za formiranje grupa genotipova po vrednostima šest poželjnih osobina korišćena je populacija F1 sejanaca krompira, a provera hipoteze izvršena u njihovom klonskom potomstvu na osnovu prinosa krtola. Utvrđeno je da su se sejanci krompira razdvojili u četiri klastera (A, B, C i D) čija su klonska potomstva imala vrlo različit prinos krtola. Da su potomstva različitih grupa imala sličan prinos krota, hipoteza bi bila odbačena. Zaključeno je da primena klaster analize pomaže oplemenjivačima da odaberu superiorne genotipove po željenim osobinama i da odrede kvantitet materijala koji ima vrednost za selekciju.

Multisystemic langerhans-cell histiocytosis with dominant lesions of the lung parenchyma

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disease of unknown aetiology characterized by abnormal monoclonal proliferation of CD1a+/ CD207+ myeloid dendritic cells (Langerhans cells) in various organs, including bones, skin, lymph nodes, liver, lungs, central nervous system (CNS). Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH) may occur as single-system disease or the lungs may be affected within a multisystemic disease. This paper presents cases of two patients with multisystemic LCH, with predominant lung involvement. In the first patient, the disease is in the terminal stage, with chronic respiratory failure requiring long-term oxygen therapy at home and development of severe pulmonary hypertension, so the lung transplantation may be considered as the only potentially effective therapeutic procedure at this moment. The second patient is in the initial stage of the disease, with satisfactory pulmonary function for now, so it could be considered to use some new targeted therapy to prevent the progression of the disease. Thus, it is essential to consistently apply, as soon as possible, all available pharmacological treatments, as well as adequate palliative and health care, to ensure a decent quality of life for these patients

Dokimološki utemeljeno vrednovanje znanja u strukovnom obrazovanju zdravstvenih radnika

Diversity of teaching curriculum in vocational subjects requires the application of different didactic-methodical approaches to teaching, and thus different methods for students’ knowledge evaluation. Objective assessment of knowledge is the imperative of the quality vocational education of healthcare professionals; in the evaluation of students’ progress and final assessment of students’ knowledge, the formative and summative methods are commonly used during or after the course of a particular subject. Modern higher education insists on objectivity and scientific foundation of the evaluation process, which is the main reason why the didactic docimology has finally received a deserved place in the pedagogical practice in the last decades. The aim of this paper is to emphasize the importance of the unconditional appliance of scientific principles in students’ knowledge evaluation, critically analyze elements of the existing objective methods of assessment in vocational education of healthcare professionals, and to emphasize the social and professional significance of the student’s final grade, which should be an unambiguous indicator of acquired professional skills of a graduate student of healthcare sciences.Raznolikost nastavnoga plana i programa u stručnim predmetima zahtijeva primjenu različitih didaktičko-metodičkih pristupa poučavanju, a samim tim i različitih metoda ocjenjivanja znanja studenata. Objektivno ocjenjivanje znanja imperativ je kvalitetnoga strukovnog obrazovanja zdravstvenih radnika. U vrednovanju napretka studenata i konačnoj procjeni njihovoga znanja, uobičajeno se koriste i sumativne i formativne metode, tijekom ili nakon pojedinoga nastavnog tečaja. Moderno visoko obrazovanje uvjetuje na objektivnosti i znanstvenoj utemeljenosti procesa vrednovanja, što je glavni razlog zašto je didaktička dokimologija u posljednjim desetljećima konačno dobila zasluženo mjesto u pedagoškoj praksi. Cilj je ovoga rada naglasiti važnost bezuvjetne primjene znanstvenih načela u evaluaciji znanja studenata, kritički analizirati elemente postojećih objektivnih metoda ocjenjivanja u strukovnom obrazovanju zdravstvenih radnika te naglasiti društveni i profesionalni značaj studentove završne ocjene, koja bi trebala biti nedvosmislen pokazatelj stečenih profesionalnih vještina diplomiranoga studenta zdravstvenih znanosti

Triticum aestivum ir T. durum genetiniai parametrai kokybės technologinėms savybėms Serbijoje

Proteins are important in determining the nutritional value of wheat, and among them gluten determines the baking quality of bread wheat and pasta-making technological properties of wheat. By assessing genetic parameters of wheat quality traits, it is possible to elucidate potential for improvement. The plant material consisted of 30 genotypes of bread and durum wheat of worldwide origin. The trials were sown at three locations in Serbia during two vegetation seasons 2010-2011 and 2011-2012. Protein content, wet gluten content, Zeleny sedimentation volume and deformation energy were determined by near infrared spectrometry. The objectives of this investigation were to assess: i) variability, components of variance, heritability in a broad sense (hb2)expected genetic advance for protein content, wet gluten content, Zeleny sedimentation volume and deformation energy; ii) associations between agronomic characteristics and protein content, wet gluten content, Zeleny sedimentation volume and deformation energy in order to determine indirect selection feasibility. In durum wheat, the highest coefficients of genetic and phenotypic variation (CVg and CVph) were recorded for deformation energy in bread wheat (18% and 18.4%, respectively), whereas the lowest values of 4.1% and 4.6% were shown for protein content. The relation genetic component of variance (σg2)/component of variance due to genotype × environment interaction (σge2) < 1 was observed for protein content (3.2), wet gluten content (2.9) and deformation energy (3.9), and equal to one for Zeleny sedimentation volume, in bread wheat. In durum wheat, σge2/σg2< 1 was detected for protein content (1.4), wet gluten content (1.5), Zeleny sedimentation volume (2.1) and deformation energy (1.4). Considering very high and high hb2 observed for deformation energy and Zeleny sedimentation volume (95.8% and 86.2%, respectively) in bread wheat, coupled with high genetic advance (36.3% and 28.1%, respectively), success from classical breeding can be anticipated. Grain thickness was strongly associated with Zeleny sedimentation volume, and to a lesser extent with protein content, wet gluten content and deformation energy in bread and durum wheat, and along with grain vitreousness in durum wheat, can serve for indirect selection

Proučavanje morfoloških osobina, prinosa i kvaliteta suve materije autohtonih populacija Lolium perenne poreklom iz Srbije multivarijacionim analizama

Due to specific climatic conditions, perennial ryegrass breeding in Serbia is focused on resistance or tolerance to abiotic stress factors, especially to drought and high temperatures. These traits should be associated with high dry matter yield and quality. Therefore, most frequently used initial material is autochthonous populations and ecotypes adapted to local agro-ecological conditions, but knowledge about their variability of important traits for breeding is missing. Pre-selection evaluation of ten populations of perennial ryegrass originating from Serbia is presented in this paper. Twenty five traits were investigated during the two-year period and processed using analysis of variance and multivariate statistical methods (cluster and principal components analysis). The goal was to determine diversity and genetic distances of investigated populations by phenotyping and to define traits considerably affecting the variability and discrimination of populations. On cluster diagram two groups of population are observed, but geographic origin of populations (lowland, hilly, mountainous habitat) was not influence to clustering of collection. Factor analysis has clarified that first seven principal components (PC) described almost 95%. The traits which show high correlation coefficients with first principal component were plant height in first cut, leaf length and width, DM of generative tillers, spike and spikelet length and 1000 seed weight, and with second principal component time of heading, terminal internode length, DM of vegetative tillers, spikelet number and FSU. It can be concluded that variability between populations was high and that differences of population were mainly affected by most important traits for breeding, such as components of dry matter production and some seed yield components.Usled specifičnih klimatskih uslova, oplemenjivanje engleskog ljulja u Srbiji je fokusirano na toleranciju abiotičkih faktora stresa, posebno na sušu i visoke temperature. Stoga se kao početni materijal u oplemenjivanju najčešće upotrebljavaju autohtone populacije i ecotipovi prilagođeni lokalnim agro-ekološkim uslovima. Međutim saznanja o varijabilnosti najvažnijih osobina kod autohtonih populacija su vrlo ćesto oskudna. U ovom radu su predstavljena proučavanja varijabilnosti osobina deset populacija engleskog ljulja poreklom iz Srbija. Dvadeset pet osobina je ispitivano tokom dve godine, a podaci su obrađeni analizom varijanse i multivarijacionim statističkim metodama (PCA i klaster analiza). Cilj je bio da se utvrdi raznovrsnost i genetička udaljenosti ispitivanih populacija fenotajpingom i da se definišu osobine koje značajno utiču na varijabilnost i grupisanje populacija. Klaster analizom utvrđene su dve grupe populacija, ali geografsko poreklo populacija (ravničarska, brdska i planinska staništa) nije uticalo na pomenuto grupisanje. Faktorska analiza je pokazala da prvih sedam glavnih komponenti (PC) opisuje 95% varijabilnosti. Osobine koje pokazuju visok koeficijent korelacije sa prvom glavnom komponentom su visina biljaka u prvom otkosu, dužina i širina lista, suva materija generativnih izdanaka, dušina klasa i klasića i težina 1000 semena. Utvrđena je visoka varijabilnost između populacija koja uglavnom potiču od oplemenjivački najvažnijih osobine, kao što su komponente prinosa suve materije i neke komponente prinosa semena