Correlation analysis of transport mechanisms and concentration levels ofpesticides in groundwater

Osnovni cilj teze bio je doprinos poznavanju prisustva pesticida u površinskim i podzemnim vodama u Srbiji, kao i mehanizama rasprostiranja podzemnom vodom. Korišćeni su rezultati sedmogodišnje kampanje analize kvaliteta površinske vode i korespodentnih punktova za zahvatanje podzemne vode za četiri velike reke u Srbiji: Dunav, Savu, Tisu i Veliku Moravu. Pored sistematizacije i analize podataka o izvršenim analizama na pesticide voda reka i podzemnih voda, urađena su usmerena istraživanja koja se odnose na mehanizme i intenzitet sorbiranja, laboratorijska ispitivanja i terenski ogled. Rezultati ispitivanja i analiza su obrađeni numeričkim modelima.The main aim of the thesis was to contribute to the knowledge of the presence of pesticides in surface and groundwaters in Serbia, as well as transport mechanisms in groundwater. The results of a seven-year analysis of the quality of surface waters and correspondent points for groundwater abstraction for the four major rivers in Serbia were used: Danube, Sava, Tisa and Velika Morava. In addition to systematization and analysis of data from campaigns carried out for the presence of pesticides in river water and groundwater, targeted research related to the mechanisms and intensity of sorption was implemented that consisted of laboratory and field experiment. The results of experiments and analyzes were processed by numerical models

Similarity of cultivars of wheat (triticum durum) on the basis of composition of gliadin alleles

Djukic N., D. Knezevic, D. Horvat, D. Zivancev and A. Torbica (2011): Similarity of cultivars of wheat (Triticum durum) on the basis of composition of gliadin alleles. - Genetika, Vol 43, No. 3, 527- 536. Twenty one durum wheat cultivars originating from different world countries were investigated. Composition of gliadins was analyzed by acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Allele composition of gliadins was determined on the basis of identified gliadin blocks. Polymorphisms of Gli-loci was established and 27 different gliadin alleles were identified, namely, 5 at Gli-A1, 4 at Gli-B1, 9 at Gli-A2 and 9 alleles at Gli-B2 locus. The catalogue of determined alleles was presented. Frequency of alleles ranged from 4.76% to 42.86%. Heterozygous Gli- loci were identified at two durum cultivars. Similarity among cultivars was studied on composition of Gli-alleles and presented by UPGMA dendogram. On the base of Gli-allele composition, similarity varied from 0% to 100%

Lab-on-a-Chip method uncertainties in determination of high-molecular- weight glutenin subunits

Polymeric wheat endosperm proteins, especially the high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS), are probably the most interesting protein fraction giving the essential information about the bread-making quality of wheat flour. A relatively new method that shows great potential for a fast, reliable and automatable analysis of protein purity, sizing and quantification is microfluidic or Lab-on-a-Chip (LoaC) capillary electrophoresis. This aim of this work was to explore the possibilities of implementation of LoaC method to analysis of protein samples isolated from a Serbian common wheat variety, emphasizing the steps that might bring uncertainties and affect reproducibility of obtained glutenin subunits quantitation results. A good resolution of protein bands in a molecular weight range of 14.0 to 220.0 kDa was achieved. The reproducibility of HMW-GS sizing and quantitation were good, with the average coefficient of variation values of 1.2 and 12.2%. The ratio of HMW-GS to low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS) was about 20%. The investigation ruled out influences of the extract solution addition and the buffer addition steps of the applied method, as well as the individual chip influence on GS quantitation results. However, there was statistically significant difference between HMW-GS quantitation results of multi-step and one-step extraction procedures applied prior to glutenin subunits extraction step

Leachate quality assessment of protected water bodies in Serbia and Croatia

Modern agricultural production can not be imagined without the use of pesticides and, if their use is improper, it could lead to continuous introduction of pesticide residues to different environmental media. Water pollution which originates from agricultural activities is a common problem in both observed countries, Serbia and Croatia. The paper provides evaluation of leachate water quality of protected water bodies, Tompojevački ritovi, Croatia, and Lake Zobnatica, Serbia, with the results of detected pesticide residues and other relevant organic micropollutants

Benefits and Limitations of Lab-on-a-Chip Method over Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Method in Gluten Proteins Evaluation

RP-HPLC (reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography) is widely used to determine the amounts of the different gluten protein types. However, this method is time-consuming, especially at early stages of wheat breeding, when large number of samples needs to be analyzed. On the other hand, LoaC (Lab-on-a-Chip) technique has the potential for a fast, reliable, and automatable analysis of proteins. In the present study, benefits and limitations of Lab-on-a-Chip method over RP-HPLC method in gluten proteins evaluation were explored in order to determine in which way LoaC method should be improved in order to make its results more compliant with the results of RP-HPLC method. Strong correlation (P lt = 0.001) was found between numbers of HMW glutenin peaks determined by LoaC and RP-HPLC methods. Significant correlations (P lt = 0.05) were obtained between percentages of HMW and LMW glutenin subunits calculated with regard to total HMW + LMW area. Even more significant correlation (P lt = 0.001) was found when percentages of individual HMW areas were calculated with regard to total HMW. RP-HPLC method showed superiority in determination of gliadins since larger number and better resolution of gliadin peaks were obtained by this method

Characterization of bread wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) by glutenin proteins

Glutenin polymers composed of HMW and LMW subunits are important contributors to the wheat end-use properties. Twenty-six winter wheat cultivars differing in bread processing quality were collected at the experimental fields of the Agricultural Institute Osijek, Croatia and Institute of the Field and Vegetable Crops Novi Sad, Serbia, in 2008/2009 season. The HMW glutenins composition and glutenin proteins content were determined by SDS-PAGE and RP-HPLC, respectively, with aim to determine the relationship between glutenin protein fractions and wheat quality properties. Significant differences were found between Croatian and Serbian cultivars in several quality attributes (GI, WA, DDT, DS and R/EXT) as well as in the content of total glutenins and LMW glutenins and GLI/GLU ratio. The dominant HMW subunits in analyzed cultivars were 2*, 7 + 9/7 + 8 and 5 + 10. Principal component analysis (PCA) confirmed the presence of association between HMW glutenins composition and GI, dough E, R and R/EXT, while the glutenins quantitative data showed pronounced relation with P, DDT, DS, E, R and R/EXT. GLI/GLU ratio had the opposite effect on these parameters

Prediction of the genetic similarity of wheat and wheat quality by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and lab-on-chip methods

The aim of this study was to compare efficiency of RP-HPLC (Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography) and LOC (Lab-on-Chip) methods for wheat gluten protein quantification regarding clustering of wheat cultivars according to the genetic similarity (HMW-GS combinations), as well as to explore relations of these two methods to wheat quality parameters. For that purpose, wheat quality parameters (protein content, falling number, wet gluten content, gluten index, Farinograph, Extensograph, and Amylograph), as well as amounts of gliadin and glutenin fractions by RP-HPLC and LOC methods were determined in two different sets of wheat cultivars (Croatian and Serbian). The percentages of gluten proteins and the values of quality parameters were used to characterize the samples by principal component analysis (PCA). Gluten protein quantification performed by method based on the protein fraction separation by molecular weights (LOC) was better for grouping of genetically similar wheat cultivars than quantification of proteins separated by their different solubility in specified solvent gradient (RP-HPLC). LOC method showed higher potential in wheat quality prediction

Comparison of the β-glucan content in different barley genotypes

Among cereals, the largest amount of β-glucan is contained in oat and barley. The content of β-glucan varies from 2.5% to 11.3% in the whole barley seed. β-glucans have a number of positive effects on human health and a wide range of potential applications in the food and pharmaceutical industry. The aim of our research was to analyze the variability of β-glucan content in ten varieties of barley. For determining the content of β-glucan ICC Standard method No. 168 was used

Impact of high temperature on the accumulation of proline in genetically divergent cereal varieties

Growth and development of cereals is affected by abiotic factors, particularly by high temperature. An important factor in plant adaptation to abiotic stress can be the proline accumulation. Proline is an amino acid involved in a series of metabolic processes and is important as a protein stabilizer, osmolite and antioxidant. Under normal physiological conditions, the proline makes up less than 5% of the free amino acids in the plant, while due to stress this amount can increase to over 80%. Field experiment was conducted with the aim to determine the effect of high temperature on the proline content in different cereal varieties during two vegetative seasons. For the investigation, plant material of 8 genetically divergent winter wheat varieties, 1 variety of triticale and 1 oat variety were used. Samples were collected in days with moderate midday air temperatures of 24-26 °C in the milk stage and after a few days in the same phenological stage, in conditions of high midday air temperatures of 34-36 °C

Analysis of interrelations between wheat protein fractions composition and its technological quality by combined multivariate and univariate statistics

Data on protein fractions' proportion, obtained with RP-HPLC and technological quality parameters for 29 wheat cultivars grown in Serbia and Croatia, were used for studying of interrelations among wheat protein fractions with different solubility and molecular weight properties by multivariate (PCA) analysis. Obtained trends were used as the base for investigations related to differentiation of technological quality among wheat cultivars with different combination of protein fractions' compositions using univariate statistics (ANOVA followed by Duncan's test) in order to draw out information about interrelations between protein fractions proportion in wheat cultivars and their technological quality. Analysis based on the first four PCA factors (89.04% of variability) pointed out interdependencies between: 1) high content of albumins and globulins, low gliadins content and gliadins/glutenins ratio, high omega-gliadins, LMW glutenins and low alpha-gliadins share in total protein with low water absorption, high energy and high resistance to extensibility ratio, 2) high albumin and globulin content and high proportion of omega-gliadins in total protein and low extensigraph extensibility, 3) high share of high molecular weight glutenins (HMW-GS) in total proteins, high extensigraph resistance/extensibility ratio and 4) high gamma-gliadins share in total protein and low extensigraph resistance/extensibility ratio