Onečišćenje tla kao posljedica odlaganja neopasnog otpada iz procesa proizvodnje čelika

Investigated was the soil at an old metallurgical landfill site of CMC Sisak Ltd. which has been exposed to the direct influence of metallurgical nonhazardous waste for many years. Concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg Ni, Pb, and Zn) after extraction in aqua regia were determined. Heavy metal concentrations, except Hg, were determined by inductively coupled optical emission spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-OES, ICP-MS). Concentration of Hg was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. Our objective was to assess the pollution level according to the potentially unacceptable risk limit levels for industrially used soil prescribed by the Croatian Soil Monitoring Program, and levels permitted by some EU member countries. The results of heavy metal concentrations in composite samples of landfill soil were also compared with the results obtained from the reference sample taken in the nearby park, outside the battery limits. The obtained results qualify the analysed landfill soil as contaminated with Cu according to the legislation of all observed EU countries, with Cd according to the legislation of Italy, Poland, and Belgium (Wallonia), and with Cr according to the legislation of Finland and Poland. To allow future use of the landfill certain measures of soil treatment will be necessary.Ispitano je tlo starog metalurškog odlagališta tvornice CMC Sisak d. o. o., koje je dugi niz godina bilo izloženo različitim utjecajima neštetnog metalurškog otpada. Sadržaj teških metala Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb i Zn u tlu određen je u uzorcima tla nakon njihove ekstrakcije metala zlatotopkom. Određivanje sadržaja svih navedenih metala osim žive provedeno je metodom optičke emisijske spektrometrije induktivno vezane plazme (ICP-OES), dok je sadržaj žive određen spektrometrijom atomske apsorpcije (AAS) primjenom hidridne tehnike. Da bi se procijenila razina onečišćenja tla, napravljena je usporedba rezultata sadržaja teških metala u analiziranim uzorcima tla s propisanim vrijednostima za potencijalno neprihvatljiv rizik za tlo upotrebljavano u industriji prema Programu trajnog motrenja tla Republike Hrvatske kao i prema propisanim vrijednostima u nekim zemljama EU. Rezultati određivanja sadržaja teških metala u kompozitnim uzorcima tla uspoređivani su s njihovim koncentracijama u referentnom uzorku tla uzetom s prostora obližnjeg parka, izvan tvorničkog kruga. Dobiveni rezultati svrstavaju analizirano tlo s odlagališta kontaminiranim prema propisima svih promatranih zemalja EU-a s bakrom, Italije i Poljske s kadmijem i Belgije (Valonija), Finske i Poljske s kromom. Za buduću upotrebu tla u istu svrhu moraju se poduzeti odgovarajuće mjere

Onečišćenje tla kao posljedica odlaganja neopasnog otpada iz procesa proizvodnje čelika

Investigated was the soil at an old metallurgical landfill site of CMC Sisak Ltd. which has been exposed to the direct influence of metallurgical nonhazardous waste for many years. Concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg Ni, Pb, and Zn) after extraction in aqua regia were determined. Heavy metal concentrations, except Hg, were determined by inductively coupled optical emission spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-OES, ICP-MS). Concentration of Hg was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. Our objective was to assess the pollution level according to the potentially unacceptable risk limit levels for industrially used soil prescribed by the Croatian Soil Monitoring Program, and levels permitted by some EU member countries. The results of heavy metal concentrations in composite samples of landfill soil were also compared with the results obtained from the reference sample taken in the nearby park, outside the battery limits. The obtained results qualify the analysed landfill soil as contaminated with Cu according to the legislation of all observed EU countries, with Cd according to the legislation of Italy, Poland, and Belgium (Wallonia), and with Cr according to the legislation of Finland and Poland. To allow future use of the landfill certain measures of soil treatment will be necessary.Ispitano je tlo starog metalurškog odlagališta tvornice CMC Sisak d. o. o., koje je dugi niz godina bilo izloženo različitim utjecajima neštetnog metalurškog otpada. Sadržaj teških metala Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb i Zn u tlu određen je u uzorcima tla nakon njihove ekstrakcije metala zlatotopkom. Određivanje sadržaja svih navedenih metala osim žive provedeno je metodom optičke emisijske spektrometrije induktivno vezane plazme (ICP-OES), dok je sadržaj žive određen spektrometrijom atomske apsorpcije (AAS) primjenom hidridne tehnike. Da bi se procijenila razina onečišćenja tla, napravljena je usporedba rezultata sadržaja teških metala u analiziranim uzorcima tla s propisanim vrijednostima za potencijalno neprihvatljiv rizik za tlo upotrebljavano u industriji prema Programu trajnog motrenja tla Republike Hrvatske kao i prema propisanim vrijednostima u nekim zemljama EU. Rezultati određivanja sadržaja teških metala u kompozitnim uzorcima tla uspoređivani su s njihovim koncentracijama u referentnom uzorku tla uzetom s prostora obližnjeg parka, izvan tvorničkog kruga. Dobiveni rezultati svrstavaju analizirano tlo s odlagališta kontaminiranim prema propisima svih promatranih zemalja EU-a s bakrom, Italije i Poljske s kadmijem i Belgije (Valonija), Finske i Poljske s kromom. Za buduću upotrebu tla u istu svrhu moraju se poduzeti odgovarajuće mjere

Factors affecting indoor radon variations: A case study in schools of eastern macedonia

The subject of this study is the radon concentrations variations, measured with a nuclear track detectors in a total of 58 premises in all 29 primary schools of 4 municipalities in the Eastern part of the Republic of Macedonia. Despite a relatively small territory, the variability of radon concentrations proved to be significant. The geometric means (geometric standard deviations) of radon concentrations in the examined municipalities were in the range from GM = 71 Bq/m 3 (GSD = 2.08) to GM = 162 Bq/m 3 (GSD = 2.69), while for the entire region it was: GM = 96 Bq/m 3 (GSD = 2.47). The influence of the geographical and geological features of the school site as well as the building characteristics on the radon variations were investigated. The analysis showed that type of municipality, building materials, basement and geology have significant effects and respectively describe 6%, 16%, 22%, 39% of the radon total variability

Factors affecting indoor radon variations: A case study in schools of eastern macedonia

The subject of this study is the radon concentrations variations, measured with a nuclear track detectors in a total of 58 premises in all 29 primary schools of 4 municipalities in the Eastern part of the Republic of Macedonia. Despite a relatively small territory, the variability of radon concentrations proved to be significant. The geometric means (geometric standard deviations) of radon concentrations in the examined municipalities were in the range from GM = 71 Bq/m 3 (GSD = 2.08) to GM = 162 Bq/m 3 (GSD = 2.69), while for the entire region it was: GM = 96 Bq/m 3 (GSD = 2.47). The influence of the geographical and geological features of the school site as well as the building characteristics on the radon variations were investigated. The analysis showed that type of municipality, building materials, basement and geology have significant effects and respectively describe 6%, 16%, 22%, 39% of the radon total variability

Soil Pollution Caused by Landfilling of Nonhazardous Waste from Steel Production Processes

Investigated was the soil at an old metallurgical landfill site of CMC Sisak Ltd. which has been exposed to the direct influence of metallurgical nonhazardous waste for many years. Concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg Ni, Pb, and Zn) after extraction in aqua regia were determined. Heavy metal concentrations, except Hg, were determined by inductively coupled opticalemission spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-OES, ICP-MS). Concentration of Hg was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry.Our objective was to assess the pollution level according to the potentially unacceptable risk limit levels for industrially used soil prescribed by the Croatian Soil Monitoring Program, and levels permitted by some EU member countries.The results of heavy metal concentrations in composite samples of landfill soil were also compared with the results obtained from the reference sample taken in the nearby park, outside the battery limits. The obtained results qualify the analysed landfill soil as contaminated with Cu according to the legislation of all observed EU countries, with Cd according to the legislation of Italy, Poland, and Belgium (Wallonia), and with Cr according to the legislation of Finland and Poland. To allow future use of the landfill certain measures of soil treatment will be necessary

Sjenica, a newly identified radon priority area in Serbia, and radon data correlated with geological parameters using the multiple linear regression model

The paper deals with the analysis of the annual indoor radon concentrations variations due to different geological parameters of Sjenica community, Western Serbia. The measured Rn-222 concentrations were ranging from 10 to 1130 Bq/m(3). In 14% of the buildings, the radon action level of 300 Bq/m(3) is exceeded, indicating that Sjenica community could be characterized as a radon priority area. Each of 35 measuring location was georeferenced and corresponding lithostratigraphic units and geological period was assigned. Data were analyzed using the multiple linear regression (MLR) method and two predictive models were developed. The MLR model generated by the geological periods explained 17% of the radon variability while, the better one, was the lithostratigraphic MLR model, which explained 52% of the radon variability. Analysis has shown that lithostratigraphic units are important parameters in the prediction of radon levels

Mercury in European agricultural and grazing land soils

Agricultural (Ap, Ap-horizon, 0–20 cm) and grazing land soil samples (Gr, 0–10 cm) were collected from a large part of Europe (33 countries, 5.6 million km2) at an average density of 1 sample site/2500 km2. The resulting more than 2 x 2000 soil samples were air dried, sieved to <2 mm and analysed for their Hg concentrations following an aqua regia extraction. Median concentrations for Hg are 0.030 mg/kg (range: <0.003–1.56 mg/kg) for the Ap samples and 0.035 mg/kg (range: <0.003–3.12 mg/kg) for the Gr samples. Only 5 Ap and 10 Gr samples returned Hg concentrations above 1 mg/kg. In the geochemical maps the continental-scale distribution of the element is clearly dominated by geology. Climate exerts an important influence. Mercury accumulates in those areas of northern Europe where a wet and cold climate favours the build-up of soil organic material. Typical anthropogenic sources like coal-fired power plants, waste incinerators, chlor-alkali plants, metal smelters and urban agglomerations are hardly visible at continental scales but can have a major impact at the local-scale

GEMAS: Cadmium distribution and its sources in agricultural and grazing land soil of Europe - Original data versus clr-transformed data

Over 4000 agricultural and grazing land soil samples were collected for the “Geochemical Mapping of Agricultural and Grazing Land Soil of Europe” (GEMAS) project carried out by the EuroGeoSurveys Geochemistry Expert Group. The samples were collected in 33 European countries, covering 5.6 million km² at a density of 1 sample site per 2500 km². All samples were analysed by ICP-MS following an aqua regia extraction. The European median Cd concentration is 0.182 mg/kg in agricultural soil and 0.197 mg/kg in grazing land soil (including eastern Ukraine). The Cd map demonstrates the existence of two different geochemical background regimes in northern and southern Europe, separated by the southern limit of the Quaternary glaciation. Cadmium shows two times higher background concentrations in the older and more weathered southern European soil than in northern European soil

GEMAS: Cadmium distribution and its sources in agricultural and grazing land soil of Europe â\u80\u94 Original data versus clr-transformed data

Over 4000 agricultural and grazing land soil samples were collected for the â\u80\u9cGeochemical Mapping of Agricultural and Grazing Land Soil of Europeâ\u80\u9d (GEMAS) project carried out by the EuroGeoSurveys Geochemistry Expert Group. The samples were collected in 33 European countries, covering 5.6 million km2at a density of 1 sample site per 2500 km2. All samples were analysed by ICP-MS following an aqua regia extraction. The European median Cd concentration is 0.182 mg/kg in agricultural soil and 0.197 mg/kg in grazing land soil (including eastern Ukraine). The Cd map demonstrates the existence of two different geochemical background regimes in northern and southern Europe, separated by the southern limit of the Quaternary glaciation. Cadmium shows two times higher background concentrations in the older and more weathered southern European soil than in northern European soil. The spatial distribution patterns of Cd in the collected soil samples are mainly governed by geology (parent material and mineralisation), as well as weathering, soil formation and climate since the last glaciation period. Locally, in several areas, the natural anomaly pattern is overprinted by anthropogenic emissions from former mining, ore processing and related metal industries. Some Cd anomalies can be attributed to urbanisation and the use of fertilisers. A comparison of the raw data Cd concentration map with its clr-transformed counterpart and selected single element ratio maps demonstrates that substantial additional information about sources and processes governing the distribution of Cd in agricultural soil at the European scale can be obtained. Results of a PCA, carried out following the classical approach (standardised) versus a PCA based on the statistically acceptable approach, using clr-transformed data, are quite comparable