Asociační chování dvojblokových kopolymerů s pH-responsivními a termoresponsivními bloky ve vodných roztocích

Univerzita Karlova Přírodovědecká fakulta Studijní program: Makromolekulární chemie Studijní obor: Makromolekulární chemie Bc. Adam Škorňa Asociační chování dvojblokových kopolymerů s pH-responsivními a termoresponsivními bloky ve vodných roztocích Associationbehavior of diblock copolymers with pH-responsive and thermoresponsive blocks in aqueous solutions Diplomová práce Školitel: prof. RNDr. Miroslav Štepánek. Ph.D. Praha 2022/2023 Abstract The growing number of double-responsive block copolymers with well-defined physical properties have beensynthesizedbycontrolledradical polymerization inthe last decades.These block copolymers (BCPs) can have interestingarchitecture and very complex phase behaviour, resulting in so-called "schizophrenic" micellization. It was suggested previously that BCPs consisting of a polyelectrolyte block and a thermoresponsive block may exhibit so-called "schizophrenic" micellization: In selective solvents, depending on pH and temperature, solvophilic (core-forming) blocks of these BCPs may become solvophobic (corona-forming). In this thesis, we conducted a study of double-responsive diblockcopolymer poly(di-[ethylene glycol] methyl ether methacrylate)-b-poly(2-[diisopropylamino] ethyl methacrylate) (PDEGMA-b-PDIPAEMA), inwhich PDEGMA acts as thermoresponsive blockwithLCST of 27...Univerzita Karlova Přírodovědecká fakulta Studijní program: Makromolekulární chemie Studijní obor: Makromolekulární chemie Bc. Adam Škorňa Asociační chování dvojblokových kopolymerů s pH-responsivními a termoresponsivními bloky ve vodných roztocích Associationbehavior of diblock copolymers with pH-responsive and thermoresponsive blocks in aqueous solutions Diplomová práce Školitel: prof. RNDr. Miroslav Štepánek. Ph.D. Praha 2022/2023 Abstrakt Rastúce množstvo dvoj-responzívnych blokových kopolymérov s dobre definovanými fyzickými vlastnosťami bolo syntetizovaných kontrolovanými radikálovými polymerizáciami v posledných dekádach. Tieto blokové kopolyméry (BCPs) môžu mať zaujímavú architektúru a komplexné fázové chovanie, ktoré vedie ku takzvanej "schizofrénnej" micelizácií. Predošlé výskumy naznačujú, že blokové kopolyméry skladajúce sa z polyelektrolytových blokov a termoresponzívnch blokov môžu vykazovať "schizofrénnu" micelizáciu: V selektívnom rozpúšťadle, v závislosti na pH a teplote, sa solvofilné (jadro formujúce) bloky týchto BCPs môžu stať slovofóbnymi (formujúcimi korónu). V tejtodiplomovej práci sme vykonali štúdiu dvoj-responzívnych dvojblokových kopolymérov poly(di-[etylén glykol] metyl éter metakrylát)-b-poly(2-[diizopropylamino] etyl metakrylát) (PDEGMA-b-PDIPAEMA), v ktorom sa PDEGMA správa...Katedra fyzikální a makromol. chemieDepartment of Physical and Macromolecular ChemistryFaculty of SciencePřírodovědecká fakult

Association behavior of diblock copolymers with pH-responsive and thermoresponsive blocks in aqueous solutions

Univerzita Karlova Přírodovědecká fakulta Studijní program: Makromolekulární chemie Studijní obor: Makromolekulární chemie Bc. Adam Škorňa Asociační chování dvojblokových kopolymerů s pH-responsivními a termoresponsivními bloky ve vodných roztocích Associationbehavior of diblock copolymers with pH-responsive and thermoresponsive blocks in aqueous solutions Diplomová práce Školitel: prof. RNDr. Miroslav Štepánek. Ph.D. Praha 2022/2023 Abstract The growing number of double-responsive block copolymers with well-defined physical properties have beensynthesizedbycontrolledradical polymerization inthe last decades.These block copolymers (BCPs) can have interestingarchitecture and very complex phase behaviour, resulting in so-called "schizophrenic" micellization. It was suggested previously that BCPs consisting of a polyelectrolyte block and a thermoresponsive block may exhibit so-called "schizophrenic" micellization: In selective solvents, depending on pH and temperature, solvophilic (core-forming) blocks of these BCPs may become solvophobic (corona-forming). In this thesis, we conducted a study of double-responsive diblockcopolymer poly(di-[ethylene glycol] methyl ether methacrylate)-b-poly(2-[diisopropylamino] ethyl methacrylate) (PDEGMA-b-PDIPAEMA), inwhich PDEGMA acts as thermoresponsive blockwithLCST of 27..

Association behavior of star copolymers with amphiphilic arms

Department of Physical and Macromolecular ChemistryKatedra fyzikální a makromol. chemieFaculty of SciencePřírodovědecká fakult

Global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on subarachnoid haemorrhage hospitalisations, aneurysm treatment and in-hospital mortality: 1-year follow-up

Background: Prior studies indicated a decrease in the incidences of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH) during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated differences in the incidence, severity of aSAH presentation, and ruptured aneurysm treatment modality during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic compared with the preceding year. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study including 49 countries and 187 centres. We recorded volumes for COVID-19 hospitalisations, aSAH hospitalisations, Hunt-Hess grade, coiling, clipping and aSAH in-hospital mortality. Diagnoses were identified by International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, codes or stroke databases from January 2019 to May 2021. Results: Over the study period, there were 16 247 aSAH admissions, 344 491 COVID-19 admissions, 8300 ruptured aneurysm coiling and 4240 ruptured aneurysm clipping procedures. Declines were observed in aSAH admissions (-6.4% (95% CI -7.0% to -5.8%), p=0.0001) during the first year of the pandemic compared with the prior year, most pronounced in high-volume SAH and high-volume COVID-19 hospitals. There was a trend towards a decline in mild and moderate presentations of subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) (mild: -5% (95% CI -5.9% to -4.3%), p=0.06; moderate: -8.3% (95% CI -10.2% to -6.7%), p=0.06) but no difference in higher SAH severity. The ruptured aneurysm clipping rate remained unchanged (30.7% vs 31.2%, p=0.58), whereas ruptured aneurysm coiling increased (53.97% vs 56.5%, p=0.009). There was no difference in aSAH in-hospital mortality rate (19.1% vs 20.1%, p=0.12). Conclusion: During the first year of the pandemic, there was a decrease in aSAH admissions volume, driven by a decrease in mild to moderate presentation of aSAH. There was an increase in the ruptured aneurysm coiling rate but neither change in the ruptured aneurysm clipping rate nor change in aSAH in-hospital mortality

Global Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Cerebral Venous Thrombosis and Mortality

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Recent studies suggested an increased incidence of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We evaluated the volume of CVT hospitalization and in-hospital mortality during the 1st year of the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the preceding year. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional retrospective study of 171 stroke centers from 49 countries. We recorded COVID-19 admission volumes, CVT hospitalization, and CVT in-hospital mortality from January 1, 2019, to May 31, 2021. CVT diagnoses were identified by International Classification of Disease-10 (ICD-10) codes or stroke databases. We additionally sought to compare the same metrics in the first 5 months of 2021 compared to the corresponding months in 2019 and 2020 (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04934020). RESULTS: There were 2,313 CVT admissions across the 1-year pre-pandemic (2019) and pandemic year (2020); no differences in CVT volume or CVT mortality were observed. During the first 5 months of 2021, there was an increase in CVT volumes compared to 2019 (27.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 24.2 to 32.0; P CONCLUSIONS: During the 1st year of the COVID-19 pandemic, CVT hospitalization volume and CVT in-hospital mortality did not change compared to the prior year. COVID-19 diagnosis was associated with higher CVT in-hospital mortality. During the first 5 months of 2021, there was an increase in CVT hospitalization volume and increase in CVT-related mortality, partially attributable to VITT

Global Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Stroke Volumes and Cerebrovascular Events: One-Year Follow-up.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Declines in stroke admission, intravenous thrombolysis, and mechanical thrombectomy volumes were reported during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. There is a paucity of data on the longer-term effect of the pandemic on stroke volumes over the course of a year and through the second wave of the pandemic. We sought to measure the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the volumes of stroke admissions, intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), intravenous thrombolysis (IVT), and mechanical thrombectomy over a one-year period at the onset of the pandemic (March 1, 2020, to February 28, 2021) compared with the immediately preceding year (March 1, 2019, to February 29, 2020). METHODS We conducted a longitudinal retrospective study across 6 continents, 56 countries, and 275 stroke centers. We collected volume data for COVID-19 admissions and 4 stroke metrics: ischemic stroke admissions, ICH admissions, intravenous thrombolysis treatments, and mechanical thrombectomy procedures. Diagnoses were identified by their ICD-10 codes or classifications in stroke databases. RESULTS There were 148,895 stroke admissions in the one-year immediately before compared to 138,453 admissions during the one-year pandemic, representing a 7% decline (95% confidence interval [95% CI 7.1, 6.9]; p<0.0001). ICH volumes declined from 29,585 to 28,156 (4.8%, [5.1, 4.6]; p<0.0001) and IVT volume from 24,584 to 23,077 (6.1%, [6.4, 5.8]; p<0.0001). Larger declines were observed at high volume compared to low volume centers (all p<0.0001). There was no significant change in mechanical thrombectomy volumes (0.7%, [0.6,0.9]; p=0.49). Stroke was diagnosed in 1.3% [1.31,1.38] of 406,792 COVID-19 hospitalizations. SARS-CoV-2 infection was present in 2.9% ([2.82,2.97], 5,656/195,539) of all stroke hospitalizations. DISCUSSION There was a global decline and shift to lower volume centers of stroke admission volumes, ICH volumes, and IVT volumes during the 1st year of the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the prior year. Mechanical thrombectomy volumes were preserved. These results suggest preservation in the stroke care of higher severity of disease through the first pandemic year. TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION This study is registered under NCT04934020