41 research outputs found

    Using a UAV to assess air pollution and identify dominant emission sources

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    Central Europe is the region with the highest concentration of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 micrometers (PM10) in outdoor air. Weather conditions combined with a high industrialization of regions laying along the Czech Republic and Poland border influence the formation of long smog episodes with PM10 concentrations in the atmosphere at the value of several hundred micrograms in a cubic meter. However, it has been observed that the main source of particulates pollution in the area of the Polish-Czech border between the most populated areas of Ostrava and Katowice is the residential heating fired with solid fuels, participating at the level of not less than 21% in overall air contamination with dusts. It particularly concerns PM10, which is one of the major harmful air pollutants produced by the combustion of solid fuels such as biomass and coal. The measures leading to decrease the dust emission from coal burned individual heat sources include methods to eliminate old -type boilers not permitted by the law, as well as illegal incineration of fuels of bad quality or including admixture of wastes. It requires a new approach for effective identification of such sources, as well as for recognition of pollutants leaving household emitters and evaluation of their share in overall effect on human health. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with miniaturized sensors detecting gaseous and dust particles at the outlet of an individual emitter can compensate the lack of information unable to be obtain using traditional measurements. The use of UAVs to identify specific sources of air pollution is still at an early stage of development and there are not too many scientific publications on this topic so far. Despite it, this technology seems to be usable to cre-ate undemanding, low-cost and effective method of air pollution sources assessment. In the current article, some aspects of using UAVs for identification of especially troublesome emission sources located on residential areas are presented, including finding the dominant emission source, determining the optimal distance between a UAV and the emission source or the influence of the UAV altitude, movement and sampling time on measurement result.Web of Science231214413

    Proposal for the identification of residual stresses after turning and hardening of bearing steel

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    Residual stresses are defined as the stresses that occur in the material without the application of an external load. Their occurrence is related to the technology of production and treatment of the material. This article proposes the identification of residual stresses in a steel material for bearing production, specifically 100Cr6 (1.3505) material. The identification consists in measuring the material by X-ray diffraction method, for which the Proto iXRD mobile diffractometer was chosen. The first measurement was carried out on turned bearing rings and a subsequent second measurement was carried out on the same rings after heat treatment, namely quenching and tempering. This article also proposes a measurement methodology for the bearing rings, where each ring is measured in 6 positions rotated 60° with respect to each other. The measurement results are compared with the individual manufacturing operations, i.e. turning and heat treatment. The results clearly show the expected increase in residual stresses after turning and subsequent decrease after heat treatment. The technological parameters of turning fundamentally influence the residual stresses and thus also affect the quality of the product in subsequent production operations

    Verification of the Possibility of Using Alternative Methods of Measurement of Methane

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    Import 26/06/2013V bakalářské práci se zabývám technikami měření metanu a ověření využití alternativní metody měření. Po úvodním seznámení s metanem jeho vlastnostmi, vznikem a využitím jsou v této práci popsány techniky měření tohoto plynu. Další část práce zmiňuje ověření možnosti využití alternativní metody měření metanu, průběh měření a popis vzorkovacího adaptéru. Závěrečná část bakalářské práce se věnuje vyhodnocení naměřených výsledků.In the Bachelor's thesis I deal with techniques measuring the methane and use an alternative authentication method of measurement. After the initial introduction to the methane, the genesis of its properties and use are described in this work measurement techniques of this gas. Another part of the work refers to the verification of the possibilities of using alternative methods of measuring the methane, the progress of measurement and description of the sample adapter. The final part of the Bachelor thesis is dedicated to the evaluation of the results obtained.Prezenční546 - Institut environmentálního inženýrstvídobř

    Triage training possibilities - literature review

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    Tato bakalářská práce se zabyvá problematikou nácviku třídění raněnych při událostech s hromadnym postižením osob. Jedná se o teoretickou práci s literární rešerší. První částí této práce je teoretická část, která pojednává o mimořádnych událostech, činnostech IZS na místě mimořádné události, metodách třídění a vyuce třídění. Druhou částí této práce je literární přehled. Nejdříve je zde popsána metodika vyhledávání a následně rozbor jednotlivych studií.This bachelor thesis deals with the triage training possibilities in mass casualty incidents, from the perspective of emergency medical services. It is a theoretical thesis which is methodically based on research of specialist articles and publications in both Czech and English language. First part of thesis is theoretical, and it briefly describes mass casualty incidents, triage and training methods. Second part of this thesis is literature review. The review is devoted into methodology and analysis of available studies.Fakulta zdravotnických studiíStudent/ka úspěšně obhájil/a bakalářskou práci, odpověděl/a na doplňující otázky oponentaDokončená práce s úspěšnou obhajobo

    The Determination of Mechanical and Physico-Chemical Properties of Fuels for Instalation for Energetic Utilization of Wastes (ZEVO).

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    Tato práce se zaměřuje na využití laboratorních termických metod analýzy TGA/DTG (termogravimetrie/derivační termogravimetrie) a DSC (diferenční kompenzační kalorimetrie) spolu s identifikací fyzikálních a chemických vlastností paliv pro optimalizaci jejich vlastností a následné využití v ZEVO (zařízení pro energetické využití odpadu). Mezi cíle práce patřily posouzení kvalitativních požadavků na palivo pro ZEVO, vývoje v EU a výzkum termických vlastností složek z hlediska jejich optimálního termického využití (spalování, pyrolýza, torefakce). V práci je popsán úvod do problematiky, problematika nulového odpadu, energetické využití odpadu, teoretické zhodnocení termické analýzy a jejich metod, termochemické změny během termických procesů, které byly sledovány metodami termické analýzy pro různé vzorky odpadní biomasy (kávová sedlina, odpadní dřevo, tetrapak, kompost, saze) a studium fyzikálních vlastností (velikosti částic). V závěru jsou popsány konkrétní kroky, využití termických metod u jednotlivých částí práce, které prokázaly, že vhodně vybrané chemické činidlo může výrazně ovlivnit chování paliva během termických procesů zvýšením reaktivity a tím zkrácení doby rozkladu a snížení požadované teploty rozkladu.This work focuses on the uses of laboratory thermal analysis methods TGA/DTG (thermogravimetry analysis/derivative thermogravimetry) and DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) together with the identification of physical and chemical properties of fuels to optimize their properties and subsequent use in ZEVO (facility for energy recovery of waste). Among the goals of this work included assessment of qualitative requirements for fuel for ZEVO, development in the EU and research of thermal properties of components in terms of their optimal thermal use (combustion, pyrolysis, torrefaction). The thesis describes the introduction to the issue, the issue of zero waste, energy recovery of waste, theoretical evaluation of thermal analysis and their methods, thermochemical changes during thermal processes, which were followed by thermal analysis methods for various samples of waste biomass (spent coffee grounds, waste wood, tetrapak, compost, soot) and study of physical properties (particle size). In the conclusion, specific steps are described, the use of thermal methods in individual parts of the work, which have shown that a suitably selected chemical agent can significantly affect fuel behavior during thermal processes by increasing reactivity and thus shortening the decomposition time and reduce the desired decomposition temperature.546 - Katedra environmentálního inženýrstvívyhově

    Possibilities of Involute Gear Systems

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    Cílem této práce je porovnat evolventní a cykloidní ozubení, které se používá u různých druhů převodovek. Ze začátku je pouze uvažována dvojice ozubených kol a poté jsou uvedeny i další typy převodů jako planetový převod nebo harmonické převodovky.The point of this work is to compare the evolvent and the cycloid gearing. At first, there are considered of a gear set and then others type of transmissions also – planet gear set or harmonic drive unite.

    The proposal for technological processing of sorted muncipal waste for incineration

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    Import 22/07/2015V diplomové práci se zabývám charakteristikou komunálního odpadu v Ostravě a jeho složením, dále jsou v teoretické části popsány technologie třídění komunálního odpadu a možnosti jeho energetického využití. V praktické části se zabývám identifikací podmínek na optimální složení vstupní suroviny a přípravou tuhých alternativních paliv ve formě pelet. V závěru práce je návrh technologického postupu pro zpracování směsného komunálního odpadu pro „závod na zpracování biologicky rozložitelných odpadů v Ostravě“ s využitím konečného produktu pro energetické účely.In my graduation thesis, I explore the characteristics of municipal solid waste in Ostrava and its composition, further in the theoretical part are described technology sorting of house hold waste and the possibility of its energy use. In the practical part deals with the identification of conditions for optimal feed composition and the preparation of solid alternative fuels in the form of pellets. At the conclusion of the workis the proposal of a technological process for the treatment of mixed municipal waste for " the plant on the processing of biodegradable waste in Ostrava" using the final product for energy purposes.Prezenční546 - Institut environmentálního inženýrstvívýborn

    Autonomic nervous system activity assessment in recreational half marathon runners [Hodnocení aktivity autonomního nervového systému u rekreačních účastníků půlmaratonského běhu]

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    <strong>BACKGROUND</strong>: Spectral analysis (SA) of heart rate variability (HRV) is considered to be a non invasive method for the quantification of autonomic cardiac activity in relationship to the sinoatrial node. It is well known that autonomic regulation is affected by various stress factors such as anxiety and/or physical activity. <strong>OBJECTIVE</strong>: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of pre-competitive anxiety on the autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity and, further, to monitor the time course of ANS recovery as well as perceived fatigue during 24 hours of a post-half marathon period in amateur runners. <strong>METHODS</strong>: The SA HRV method was used for the evaluation of autonomic cardiac regulation. ANS activity was assessed one week before a competition and on the day of the competition. During the post-competition period ANS activity was measured at the 1st, the 12th, and the 24th hour. ANS activity was represented by the standard spectral parameters and complex indexes of SA HRV. Precompetition anxiety was evaluated by means of a modified Likert 10 point scale. The competitors' subjective feelings of fatigue were scored on a 6 point scale. <strong>RESULTS</strong>: Perception of anxiety was significantly higher on the day of the competition than one week before the competition. The significant decrease in the complex index of sympathovagal balance on day of the competition implies l for and testifies to an increase in sympathetic activity. No significant differences between any selected HRV variables at the 12th hour as well as at the 24th hour of recovery compared to both pre-competition levels were found. Perceived fatigue remained significantly elevated up to the 24th hour of recovery. <strong>CONCLUSIONS</strong>: Our study shows that elevated pre-competitive anxiety induced sympathetic predominance in autonomic regulation particularly during the period of orthostatic stimulation. ANS activity returned to its pre-competition level during the 12th hour after the finish of the competition. It is evident that the causes of soreness or fatigue do not markedly affect ANS activity during a later phase of recovery.<br>[<strong>V&Yacute;CHODISKA</strong>: Spektr&aacute;ln&iacute; anal&yacute;za (SA) variability srdečn&iacute; frekvence (VSF) je považov&aacute;na za neinvazivn&iacute; metodu kvantifikace autonomn&iacute; kardi&aacute;ln&iacute; regulace sinoatri&aacute;ln&iacute;ho uzlu. Je zn&aacute;mo, že autonomn&iacute; regulace je ovlivňov&aacute;na různ&yacute;mi stresory jako např&iacute;klad nervozitou nebo tělesnou prac&iacute;. <strong>C&Iacute;LE</strong>: C&iacute;lem předložen&eacute; studie bylo zhodnotit vliv předstartovn&iacute;ho stavu na aktivitu autonomn&iacute;ho nervov&eacute;ho syst&eacute;mu (ANS) a d&aacute;le pak monitorovat časov&yacute; průběh zotaven&iacute; ANS paralelně se subjektivně vn&iacute;manou &uacute;navou v průběhu 24 hodin od ukončen&iacute; půlmaratonu u amat&eacute;rsk&yacute;ch běžců. <strong>METODIKA</strong>: Autonomn&iacute; kardi&aacute;ln&iacute; regulace byla posuzov&aacute;na pomoc&iacute; metody SA VSF. Aktivita ANS byla hodnocena jeden t&yacute;den před z&aacute;vodem a v den z&aacute;vodu. Po ukončen&iacute; z&aacute;vodu proběhla měřen&iacute; aktivity ANS v 1., 12. a 24. hodině. Aktivita ANS byla reprezentov&aacute;na standardn&iacute;mi spektr&aacute;ln&iacute;mi parametry a tak&eacute; komplexn&iacute;mi indexy SA HRV. K hodnocen&iacute; velikosti předstartovn&iacute; nervozity byla využita modifikovan&aacute; Likertova 10bodov&aacute; &scaron;k&aacute;la. Subjektivně vn&iacute;man&aacute; &uacute;nava byla hodnocena na 6bodov&eacute; &scaron;k&aacute;le. <strong>V&Yacute;SLEDKY</strong>: Vn&iacute;m&aacute;n&iacute; nervozity bylo signifikantně vy&scaron;&scaron;&iacute; v den z&aacute;vodu než t&yacute;den před z&aacute;vody. Signifikantn&iacute; pokles komplexn&iacute;ho indexu sympatovagov&eacute; balance v den z&aacute;vodu nepř&iacute;mo svědčil o vzestupu aktivity sympatiku. Ve 12. ani 24. hodině zotaven&iacute; se již ž&aacute;dn&yacute; ze sledovan&yacute;ch parametrů VSF signifikantně neli&scaron;il od obou vstupn&iacute;ch vy&scaron;etřen&iacute;. Subjektivně vn&iacute;man&aacute; &uacute;nava zůstala zv&yacute;&scaron;en&aacute; je&scaron;tě 24 hodin od ukončen&iacute; z&aacute;vodu. <strong>Z&Aacute;VĚRY</strong>: Na&scaron;e pr&aacute;ce uk&aacute;zala, že zv&yacute;&scaron;en&aacute; předz&aacute;vodn&iacute; nervozita vede k převaze sympatiku v autonomn&iacute; regulaci zejm&eacute;na během orthostatick&eacute; stimulace. D&aacute;le bylo zji&scaron;těno, že aktivita ANS se navr&aacute;tila na předz&aacute;těžovou &uacute;roveň během 12. hodiny od ukončen&iacute; z&aacute;vodu. Ukazuje se, že př&iacute;činy pocitů bolesti nebo &uacute;navy se v průběhu pomal&eacute; f&aacute;ze zotaven&iacute; do změn aktivity ANS již v&yacute;razněji neprom&iacute;taj&iacute;.

    External and internal load of playing positions of elite female handball players (U19) during competitive matches

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    Background: Effective training depends on knowledge of the sport's requirements. Physical (external load) and physiological (internal load) analyses will provide valuable data that can be used for other research and to improve specific training requirements. Handball is an intermittent sport game, and it is important discover the factors, that affect the performance in a handball match. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze and compare motion and heart rate of playing positions of female handball players during competitive matches.Methods: Heart rate and motion-time analyses were examined during six competitive matches of the Czech elite female handball league (U19). The average (&plusmn; SD) age of the fourteen participants was 17.9 &plusmn; 0.3 years; their average weight 65.4 &plusmn; 6.9 kg, and their average height was 169.6 &plusmn; 6.9 cm. Results: During the matches, the longest average distance was covered by backs (7,138.3 &plusmn; 334.4 m), followed by wings (6,915.3 &plusmn; 362.2 m) and pivots (6,337.1 &plusmn; 477.3 m). A statistically significant difference was found only between backs and pivots (p = .01). The average heart rate of players in the most loaded position, pivots, was 185.3 &plusmn; 9.2 beats &sdot; min<sup>-1</sup>, corresponding to 90.1 &plusmn; 4.3% of HR<sub>max</sub>. The second most loaded playing position were wings with the average heart rate of 183.8 &plusmn; 6.2 beats &sdot; min<sup>-1</sup>, corresponding to 89.9 &plusmn; 3.5% of HR<sub>max</sub>. The average heart rate of backs was 182.9 &plusmn; 8.4 beats &sdot; min<sup>-1</sup>, corresponding to 89.2 &plusmn; 4.4% of HR<sub>max</sub>. Conclusions: The results from the presented study show that handball is a game of intermittent high intensity and physiological profile where more than 80% of each game is spent in load-intensity above 85% HR<sub>max</sub>. Between playing positions are differences in intensity of load, covered distance and in speed categories
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