Effects of interphase boundary anisotropy on the three-phase growth dynamics in the β(In) – In 2 Bi – γ(Sn) ternary-eutectic system

International audienceWe present an experimental investigation on the effects of the interphase energy anisotropy on the formation of three-phase growth microstructures during directional solidification (DS) of the β(In)-In2Bi-γ(Sn) ternary-eutectic system. Standard DS and rotating directional solidification (RDS) experiments were performed using thin alloy samples with real-time observation. We identified two main types of eutectic grains (EGs): (i) quasi-isotropic EGs within which the solidification dynamics do not exhibit any substantial anisotropy effect, and (ii) anisotropic EGs, within which RDS microstructures exhibit an alternation of locked and unlocked microstructures. EBSD analyses revealed (i) a strong tendency to an alignment of the In2Bi and γ(Sn) crystals (both hexagonal) with respect to the thin-sample walls, and (ii) the existence of special crystal orientation relationships (ORs) between the three solid phases in both quasi-isotropic and anisotropic EGs. We initiate a discussion on the dominating locking effect of the In2Bi-β(In) interphase boundary during quasi steady-state solidification, and the existence of strong crystal selection mechanisms during early nucleation and growth stages

A qualitative analysis of Internet forum discussions on hard flaccid syndrome

Hard flaccid (HF) syndrome is a complex symptom that significantly impacts a man’s sexual and social life. Since there is currently only one case series available in the literature regarding HF syndrome, it has not been recognized as a real medical condition. HF syndrome has mostly been reported in several patient forums and its exact definition, prevalence, etiology, and treatment are unknown. We hereby, aimed to understand the nature of HF syndrome and how it is perceived among men. Online forum sites in the English language were systematically evaluated to perform a descriptive qualitative assessment. “Hard flaccid; forum” term was searched in Google® and data were collected from forum posts. Datasets were analyzed using thematic analysis within a three-month period (September 2018–November 2018) and were combined to triangulate analysis. A total of 12 forum discussions, containing 6150 comments, were analyzed. Themes that arose included: “I would like to ensure that I have HF”; “How did I end up like this?”; “Seeking support for treatment choices – who will help me?”; “How can I cope with this condition?”. Thematic analysis revealed that most HF cases began after a traumatic event. The reported incidence of HF-related symptoms varies considerably. The most commonly associated symptoms of HF are penile semi-hardness in the flaccid state, penile sensory changes, erectile dysfunction, and emotional distress. Although it is not recognized by major medical authorities, many men appear to suffer from symptoms related to HF syndrome. Future basic science and clinical studies must be conducted to understand the exact pathophysiology of HF syndrome and to develop effective therapies. © 2019, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited

Microgravity studies of solidification patterns in model transparent alloys onboard the International Space Station

We review recent in situ solidification experiments using nonfaceted model transparent alloys in science-in-microgravity facilities onboard the International Space Station (ISS), namely the Transparent Alloys (TA) apparatus and the Directional Solidification Insert of the DEvice for the study of Critical Liquids and Crystallization (DECLIC-DSI). These directional-solidification devices use innovative optical videomicroscopy imaging techniques to observe the spatiotemporal dynamics of solidification patterns in real time in large samples. In contrast to laboratory conditions on ground, microgravity guarantees the absence or a reduction of convective motion in the liquid, thus ensuring a purely diffusion-controlled growth of the crystalline solid(s). This makes it possible to perform a direct theoretical analysis of the formation process of solidification microstructures with comparisons to quantitative numerical simulations. Important questions that concern multiphase growth patterns in eutectic and peritectic alloys on the one hand and single-phased, cellular and dendritic structures on the other hand have been addressed, and unprecedented results have been obtained. Complex self-organizing phenomena during steady-state and transient coupled growth in eutectics and peritectics, interfacial-anisotropy effects in cellular arrays, and promising insights into the columnar-to-equiaxed transition are highlighted

Yapay Zekâ: Disiplinlerarası Yaklaşımlar = Artificial Intelligence: Interdisciplinary Approaches

In this book, a perspective is presented to the reader about the effects of artificial intelligence in many fields, from the health system to the banking system, from library to archiving, and besides general information about artificial intelligence, the applications of artificial intelligence in various fields, especially linguistics, banking, health, law, librarianship, archiving is explained. From this point of view, the chapters in the book examine the emergence of artificial intelligence, the current situation in these fields and the social and ethical problems that may arise with future evaluations, and also contain basic information about these fields of study. Readers who are curious about what artificial intelligence is, will be able to find basic information on the subject in this book, as well as have information about the applications of artificial intelligence in different fields. As such, it is hoped that this book, which includes an interdisciplinary perspective, will help to better understand artificial intelligence and prepare society for the upcoming future

A Turkish law perspective on the right to be forgotten

Since the rule is changed from easily forget to easily remember thanks to the digital Internet platforms, the question if there should be a right to be forgotten consecrated to individuals has become a frequently asked question with - of -course no “one correct answer” in different legal systems all around the world. Turkish legal practice has also encountered different cases where the question if a right to be forgotten should be recognized/accorded or not. Thus, the concept itself and discussions thereon prove to be heated nowadays among legal scholars. Accord- ingly, this article mainly aims to legally analyze the newly emerging concept “the right to be forgotten” and its potential practical impacts to the existing or future Internet technologies, in light of the Turkish legislations and existing case law

Control and Interpretation of Finite-Size Effects and Initial Morphology in Directional Solidification of a Rod-Type Eutectic Transparent Metal-Analog

International audienceTransparent metal-analog materials offer a great opportunity for in situ investigation of the morphological dynamics that govern the formation of microstructure in metallic alloys. There are, however, several experimental factors that must be controlled or considered for proper and reproducible interpretation. We examine some of these issues here, summarizing our recent findings related to the case of rod-type eutectic solidification, for which we examine the importance of ampoule geometry and initial conditions. Employing directional solidification experiments with thin-slab specimens, we look specifically at finite-size effects on growth morphology and the influence of initial structure on the mechanisms of eutectic onset