Alchemilla vulgaris effects on egg production and quality expressed by heatstressed quail during the late laying period

Potential for mitigating effects of heat stress through dietary Alchemilla vulgaris (AV) supplementation during the late laying period of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were investigated. A 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of environmental temperature (ET) regimes and levels of dietary supplementation with AV (0%, 1%, and 3%) was used in a 75-day experiment. Twenty-five quail were randomly assigned to each treatment with five replicate cages of five birds. The birds were housed in temperature-controlled rooms at 22 ± 2 °C for 24 h/day (TN) or 34 ± 2 °C between 09h00 and 17h00 followed by 22 ± 2 °C for 16 h/day (HS). The interaction of ET and supplement regimes was rarely significant. In HS quail supplemented with 1% AV, egg production was reduced and FCR was increased compared with the other treatments. Dietary AV was found to reduce egg production in TN conditions, but 3% AV supplementation in the HS group prevented decreased egg production and improved FCR. Various indicators of egg quality were significantly affected by supplementation with AV at certain times during the experiment. Most effects of HS on egg quality were manifest in the first 15 days of ET regimes. Although HS significantly decreased eggshell weight until 31–45 days, AV supplementation improved it on the 45th day and then maintained it through the end of the experiment. Thus, AV may mitigate some effects of HS by partially preventing decreased egg production and increased FCR during the late laying period of Japanese quail.Keywords: Coturnix coturnix japonica, flavonoids, supplemen

Influence of humic acid applications on modulus of rupture, aggregate stability, electrical conductivity, carbon and nitrogen content of a crusting problem soil

Soil structure is often said to be the key to soil productivity since a fertile soil, with desirable soil structure and adequate moisture supply, constitutes a productive soil. Soil structure influences soil water movement and retention, erosion, crusting, nutrient recycling, root penetration and crop yield. The objective of this work is to study humic acid (HA) application on some physical and chemical properties in weakly structured soils. The approach involved establishing a plot experiment in laboratory conditions. Different rates of HA (control, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 %) were applied to soil during three incubation periods (21, 42 and 62 days). At the end of the each incubation period, the changes in physicochemical properties were measured. Generally, HA addition increased electrical conductivity values during all incubation periods. HA applications decreased soil modulus of rupture. Application of HA at the rate of 4 % significantly increased soil organic carbon contents. HA applications at the rate of 4 % significantly increased both mean soil total nitrogen content and aggregate stability after three incubation periods (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Therefore, HA has the potential to improve the structure of soil in the short term

Effects of spent mushroom compost application on the physicochemical properties of a degraded soil

Under field and laboratory conditions, the application of organic amendments has generally shown an improvement in soil physicochemical properties. Here, spent mushroom compost (SMC) is proposed as a suitable organic amendment for soil structure restoration. Our study assessed the impact of SMC on the physicochemical properties of a weak-structured and physically degraded soil. The approach involved the establishment of a pot experiment with SMC applications into soil (control, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 %). Soils were incubated at field capacity (−33 kPa) for 21, 42, and 62 days under laboratory conditions. SMC applications into the soil significantly increased the aggregate stability (AS) and decreased the modulus of rupture. The application of SMC at rates of 1, 2, 4, and 8 % significantly increased the total nitrogen and soil organic carbon contents of the degraded soil at all incubation periods (p &lt; 0.05). The results obtained in this study indicate that the application of SMC can improve soil physicochemical properties, which may benefit farmers, land managers, and mushroom growers

The relationship of cutting force with hole quality in drilling process of AISI H13 steel

The harmony of the drilling machine-cutting tool-work piece is very important for producing the machine part with the ideal dimensions. For this purpose in this study, the effect of cutting forces on hole quality (surface roughness, diameter deviation and circular deviation) was investigated by 14 mm diameter uncoated and (AlCrN monolayer) coated carbide drills for drilling AISI H13 hot work tool steel on vertical machining center. Four different cutting speeds (60, 75, 90 and 108 m / min) and three different feed rates (0.15, 0.20 and 0.25 mm / rev) were used in the experiments. Cutting forces have been found to be effective in improving hole quality. Better hole quality has obtained with coated drills than uncoated drills in experiments. It has been observed that coated drills have the effect of improving the hole quality due to the operation with less cutting force and better chip evacuation

Türkiye'de muş Alparslan tarim işletmesi'nde yetiştirilen esmer irki ineklerin süt verim özellikleri üzerine bazi çevre faktörlerinin etkileri

Study was conducted to define the effects of some environmental factors on lactation length and milk production in Brown Swiss cattle reared in Muş Alparslan State Farm. For this aim 768 lactation records belonging 282 cattle between the years of 1989 and 2004 were used. Means of milk production, 305 day milk production and lactation length of the cows in the study were defined as 4002.44±42.41 kg, 3892.59±37.34 kg ve 300.51±1.86 day respectively. Year, season and lactation number significantly affected the milk yield and 305 day milk yield (p<0.05, P<0.01). Similarly, statistically significant effects of year and lactation number on lactation length were defined (P<0.01)

Environmental effects on milk yield traits in brown swiss herd raised at muş - Alparslan state farm in Turkey [Türkiye'de muş Alparslan tarim işletmesi'nde yetiştirilen esmer irki ineklerin süt verim özellikleri üzerine bazi çevre faktörlerinin etkileri]

Study was conducted to define the effects of some environmental factors on lactation length and milk production in Brown Swiss cattle reared in Muş Alparslan State Farm. For this aim 768 lactation records belonging 282 cattle between the years of 1989 and 2004 were used. Means of milk production, 305 day milk production and lactation length of the cows in the study were defined as 4002.44±42.41 kg, 3892.59±37.34 kg ve 300.51±1.86 day respectively. Year, season and lactation number significantly affected the milk yield and 305 day milk yield (p<0.05, P<0.01). Similarly, statistically significant effects of year and lactation number on lactation length were defined (P<0.01)

Leakage testing for different adhesive systems and composites to permanent teeth

Aim: To explore the microleakage of different adhesive systems and flowable composites to permanent teeth.Subjects and Methods: In this study, a total of 84 human premolar teeth were used. Class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surfaces. The teeth were randomly assigned to six groups of 14 teeth each as follows: The first group – etch‑rinse adhesive applied and cavities filled with flowable composite, the second group – etch‑rinse adhesive applied and cavities filled with bulk‑fill resin composite, the third group – one‑stage self‑etch (SE) adhesive applied and cavities filled with flowable composite, the fourth group – one‑stage SE adhesive applied and cavities filled with bulk‑fill resin composite, the fifth group – two‑stage SE adhesive applied and cavities filled with flowable composite, and the sixth group – two‑stage SE adhesive applied and cavities filled with bulk‑fill resin composite. All specimens were then stored for 24 h at 37°C in distilled water. Teeth were then thermocycled for 500 cycles between 5°C and 55°C prior to immersion in 0.5% basic fuchsin for 24 h. Two mesiodistal cuts of each tooth were photographed for leakage with a digital camera. The dye infiltrated surface for each specimen was measured and data were collected with a software program. Statistical evaluations were done by nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis test and Mann–Whitney U‑test.Results: There were statistically significant differences in mean microleakage ratio among the groups (P &lt; 0.05). The first group had shown significantly increased microleakage areas than the other four groups (third, fourth, fifth, and sixth groups) (P &lt; 0.05), except for the second group (P &gt; 0.05). It was also no significant different between the mean microleakage areas of group fourth and group fifth (P &gt; 0.05). The sixth group had exhibited the lowest microleakage areas, and it was statistically significant (P &lt; 0.05) compared to the other groups.Conclusion: In this study, it has been found that the use of total etch adhesive systems resulted in high leakage values.Keywords: Adhesives, composite, evaluation, leakag