Integrated optimization of sustainable supply chains and transportation networks for multi technology bio-based production:A decision support system based on fuzzy ε-constraint method

Developing and employing effective design methodologies can significantly improve the economic and environmental viability of renewable production processes. This study contributes by presenting a novel bi-level decision support system (DSS) to aid modelling and optimization of multi technology, multi product supply chains and co-modal transportation networks for biomass based (bio-based) production combining two multi-objective mathematical models. Considering the supply chain configuration optimized by the first level of the DSS, in the second level, the transportation network is designed specifying the most appropriate transportation mode and related transportation option under transfer station availability limitations. A hybrid solution methodology that integrates fuzzy set theory and ε-constraint method is proposed. This methodology handles the system specific uncertainties addressing the economic and environmental sustainability aspects by capturing trade-offs between conflicting objectives in the same framework. To explore the viability of the proposed models and solution methodology, a regional supply chain and transportation network is designed using the entire West Midlands (WM) region of the UK as a testing ground. Additionally, scenario and sensitivity analyses are conducted to provide further insights into design and optimization of the biomass based supply chains

Incentivising Bioenergy Production: Economic and Environmental Insights from a Regional Optimization Methodology

In conjunction with the European Union (EU) targets, the United Kingdom (UK) Government has introduced a range of mechanisms to foster the development and deployment of low carbon energy technologies and markets. This study focuses on the three main financial incentive schemes to promote renewable energy sector in the UK for electricity, heat and fuel production from renewables, namely feed-in tariff (FiT), Renewable Heat Incentive (RHI) and Renewables Obligation Certificate (RoC), considering the fact that optimal policy design depends on effective analyses of the impacts of incentives on the performance of renewable energy systems. The effects of potential changes in these incentive schemes on the economic and environmental performance of bioenergy sector are investigated using an analytical methodology. The methodology integrates fuzzy decision making and multi objective mathematical modelling in the same framework to capture uncertainties in the system parameters as well as economic and environmental sustainability aspects. Computational experiments are performed on bioenergy production using the entire West Midlands Region in the UK as case study region. The results reveal that the changes in incentive policies have a significant impact on the profitability of the supply chain, whereas environmental performance of the supply chain in terms of total GHG emissions is the least affected performance indicator by the changes in the incentive policies

Network design and technology management for waste to energy production:An integrated optimization framework under the principles of circular economy

The design of waste to bioenergy supply chains (W-BESC) is critically important for meeting the circular economy (CE) goals, whilst also ensuring environmental sustainability in the planning and operation of energy systems. This study develops a novel optimization methodology to aid sustainable design and planning of W-BESC that comprise multiple technologies as well as multiple product and feedstock types. The methodology identifies the optimum supply chain configuration and plans the logistics operations in a given region to meet the energy demand of specified nodes. A scenario based fuzzy multi objective modelling approach is proposed and utilized to capture the economic and environmental sustainability aspects in the same framework. We test the proposed model using the entire West Midlands (WM) region from the United Kingdom (UK) as a case study. In this scope, a comprehensive regional supply chain is designed to meet the energy and biofertilizer demand of specific nodes considering available waste and crop type biomass in the region. Further analysis is conducted to reveal the impacts of main economic and technological parameters on the supply chain performance indicators

The competence of primary school teachers for primary school music lessons

Bu çalışmada, sınıf öğretmeni ve sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının müzik alanında mesleki yeterlik düzeylerinin ortaya konulması amacıyla ilkokul müzik dersi öğretim programının kazanımlar boyutuna ilişkin öğretmen ve öğrenci görüşleri alınmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2017-2018 öğretim yılı Gazi Üniversitesi ve Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sınıf Eğitimi Anabilim Dalı’nda eğitim gören 50 sınıf öğretmeni adayı ile Ankara’nın Çankaya İlçesi’nde görev yapan 50 sınıf öğretmeni oluşturmaktadır. Çalışma, ilkokul 1,2,3 ve 4. sınıf müzik dersi öğretim programı konu ve kazanımları ile sınırlıdır. Araştırma genel tarama modelinde olup, betimsel bir çalışmadır. Çalışmada sınıf öğretmenleri ve sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının müzik dersi öğretim programına yönelik yeterliklerine ilişkin görüşlerin tespiti için araştırmacının hazırladığı üçlü likert ölçeği uygulanmış, ulaşılan veriler SPSS programı kullanılarak istatistiksel işleme tabii tutulmuş ve sonuçların karşılaştırılması için bağımsız t-testi ile Mann-Whitney U testlerinden yararlanılmıştır. Çalışma, öğretmenlerin ve öğretmen adaylarının yeterlik ve eksiklerinin tespit edilmesi, bu konuda alınacak tedbirlerin belirlenmesi ve öneriler getirilmesi açısından önemli görülmektedir. Araştırmanın sonucunda, konu ve kazanımların öğretimi ve uygulanması bakımından deneyimli sınıf öğretmenlerinin sınıf öğretmeni adaylarına göre daha yetersiz oldukları ve üniversitelerin müzik dersi öğretim programında yer alan ders çıktılarının MEB Müzik Dersi Öğretim Programı’nda yer alan bazı konu ve kazanımları karşılamadığı sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır.In this study, in order to reveal the professional competencies of classroom teachers and prospective teachers in the field of music, teachers and students' opinions about the gains dimension of primary school music lesson curriculum were taken. The study group of the study consisted of 50 primary school teacher candidates studying at Gazi University and Hacettepe University Class Education Department in 2017-2018 academic year and 50 primary school teachers working in Çankaya District. The study is limited to the subjects and outputs of primary school 1,2,3 and 4th year music lesson curriculum. The research is a descriptive study in the general screening model. In this study, a triple likert scale prepared by the researcher was used to determine the adequacy of classroom teachers and prospective classroom teachers for the music curriculum. Data were analyzed statistically using SPSS program and independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare the results. The study is considered to be important in terms of determining the competencies and deficiencies of teachers and prospective teachers, determining the measures to be taken in this regard and making suggestions. In the study, it was concluded that experienced classroom teachers were more inadequate in terms of teaching and practice than the prospective teachers and that the course output in universities' music course curriculum did not meet some of the courses and output in the MEB music course program

Researching self care agency of adolescents educating in vocational education and apprenticeship center

OBJECTIVE: This research was planned as a descriptive study to determine self-care agency of adolescents who receive vocational education. MATERIALS and METHODS: The research was carried out between December 4, 2006 and January 8, 2007. Universe of the research included 345 studends who attended inVocational Education Center. On the other hand sample of the study comprised 345 students who accepted to participate in this reserch. Data from adolescents was obtained through face to face after required permission was obtained. It was used Socio-demographic Data Form (20 questions) and Self-CareAgency Scale (35 questions), which were developed by researcher as a means of receiving data. Number and percent distributions, Student t test, oneway ANOVA and KuruskalWallis were used to analyse the data. RESULTS: It has been found that there are statically significant differences in terms of self-care agency levels for adolescent gender. It has also been found the same results for family type and situation of working mother. It has been found that there is a significant relationship between self-care agency and perceiving income level for adolescents who accepted to participate in this reserach. On the other hand it has been determined that there is a significant difference between self-care level and drinking and smoking. As a result of statically analizing, it has been found that there is a statically significant difference between academic success and self care level for adolescents. CONCLUSION: According to results obtained, it is suggested that adolescents should understand the importance of self-care agency for meeting their personal needs and researches should be carried out aiming to eliminate information deficiency between personal characteristics and self-care agency.AMAÇ: Bu arastırma mesleki egitim alan ergenlerde öz bakım gücünü belirlemek amacıyla tanımlayıcı olarak planlanmıstır. GEREÇ ve YÖNTEM: Arastırma 04.12.2006-08.01.2007 tarihleri arasında yapılmıstır. Arastırma evrenini Mesleki Egitim merkezinde ögrenim gören 345 ögrenci olusturmustur. Arastırma örneklemine ise; arastırmaya katılmayı kabul eden 345 ögrenci alınmıstır.Veriler gerekli izinler alındıktan sonra ergenlerle yüz yüze görüsme yöntemi ile toplanmıstır. Arastırmada veri toplanma aracı olarak, arastırmacı tarafından gelistirilen ergenlerin tanıtıcı bir Sosyo Demografik Formu (29 soru), ile Öz Bakım Gücü Ölçegi (35 soru) kullanılmıstır. Verilerin degerlendirilmesinde sayı ve yüzde dagılımları, Student t testi, oneway ANOVA ve Kuruskal Wallis testi yapılmıstır. BULGULAR: Ergenlerin, cinsiyete göre öz-bakım gücü düzeyinde istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı bir fark bulunmustur. Ergenlerin, aile tipine göre öz-bakım gücü düzeyinde istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı bir fark bulunmustur. Ergenlerin, anne çalısma durumuna göre öz-bakım gücü düzeyinde istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı bir fark bulunmustur. Arastırmaya katılan ergenlerin, öz-bakım gücü ile algılanan gelir düzeyi arasında anlamlı bir iliski oldugu belirlenmistir. Arastırmaya katılan ergenlerin, alkol kullanma durumu ile öz-bakımdüzeyi arasında istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı bir fark bulunmustur. Arastırmaya katılan ergenlerin, sigara kullanma durumu ile özbakım düzeyi arasında istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı bir fark bulunmustur. Arastırmaya katılan ergenlerin, yapılan istatistiksel degerlendirme sonucunda akademik basarı ile öz-bakım düzeyi arasında istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı bir fark bulunmustur SONUÇ: Yapılan çalısmadan elde edilen sonuçlar dogrultusunda; ergenlerin bireysel gereksinimlerini karsılamada öz-bakımgücünün önemini bilmesi ve öz-bakımgücü ile kisi özellikleri arasındaki bilgi eksikliginin giderilmesine yönelik çalısmaların yapılması önerilmistir

Severe iron overload and hyporegenerative anemia in a case with rhesus hemolytic disease: therapeutic approach to rare complications

A 33 weeks’ gestation, a baby with rhesus hemolytic disease (RHD), who had received intrauterine transfusions twice, developed cholestatic hepatic disease and late hyporegenerative anemia. Her serum ferritin and bilirubin levels increased to 8842 ng/ml and 17.9 mg/dl, respectively. Liver biopsy showed cholestasis and severe iron overload. Treatment with recombinant erythropoietin (rHuEPO) decreased the transfusion need, and intravenous deferoxamine resulted in a marked decreased in serum ferritin levels and normalization of liver function. In patients who have undergone intrauterine transfusions due to RHD, hyperferritinemia and late hyporegenerative anemia should be kept in mind. Chelation therapy in cases with symptomatic hyperferritinemia and rHuEPO treatment in cases with severe hyporegenerative anemia should be considered

Türkiye Romatizma Araştırma ve Savaş Derneği ankilozan spondilit ulusal tedavi önerileri

Objectives: To develop Turkish League Against Rheumatism (TLAR) National Recommendations for the management of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Materials and methods: A scientific committee of 25 experts consisting of six rheumatologists and 19 physical medicine and rehabilitation specialists was formed by TLAR. Recommendations were based on the 2006 ASsessment in Ankylosing Spondylitis International Working Group(ASAS)/European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) recommendations and a systematic review of associated publications between January 2005 and September 2010. A Delphi process was used to develop the recommendations. Twelve major recommendations were constructed for the management of AS. Voting using a numerical rating scale assessed the strength of each recommendation. Results: The 12 recommendations include patient assessment, patient follow-up along with pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods. Some minor additions and changes have been made to the ASAS/EULAR recommendations. All of the recommendations had sufficient strength. Conclusion: National recommendations for the management of AS were developed based on scientific evidence and consensus expert opinion. These recommendations will be updated regularly in accordance with recent developments.Türkiye Romatizma Araştırma ve Savaş Derneği᾽nin (TRASD) Ankilozan Spondilit (AS) için ulusal tedavi önerilerinin oluşturulmasıdır. Gereç ve yöntemler: TRASD tarafından altı Romatoloji ve 19 Fiziksel Tıp ve Rehabilitasyon uzmanı olmak üzere toplam 25 kişiden oluşan bir bilimsel kurul oluşturuldu. Önerilerde 2006 yılında yayınlanan Ankilozan Spondilit Değerlendirme Uluslararası Çalışma Grubu (ASAS)/Romatizmaya karşı Avrupa Ligi (EULAR) önerileri ve Ocak 2005 - Eylül 2010 arasında yayınlanmış olan ilişkili yayınlar konusundaki sistematik bir inceleme temel alındı. Öneriler oluşturulurken Delphi süreci kullanıldı. Ankilozan spondilit tedavisi ile ilgili 12 ana öneri oluşturuldu. Oylama yapılarak önerilerin güçlülük düzeyi bir nümerik derecelendirme skalası ile belirlendi. Bulgular: On iki öneri hasta değerlendirilmesini, hasta takibini ve farmakolojik ve non-farmakolojik yöntemleri içermektedir. ASAS/EULAR önerilerine bazı ilaveler ve önerilerde bazı küçük değişiklikler yapılmıştır. Tüm öneriler yeterli kuvvete sahipti. Sonuç: Bilimsel kanıtlar ve uzmanların görüş birliği ile AS tedavisine yönelik ulusal öneriler oluşturulmuştur. Bu öneriler, yeni gelişmeler doğrultusunda düzenli olarak güncellenmelidi

Outcomes of high-risk breast lesions diagnosed using image-guided core needle biopsy: results from a multicenter retrospective study

PURPOSEThe clinical management of high-risk lesions using image-guided biopsy is challenging. This study aimed to evaluate the rates at which such lesions were upgraded to malignancy and identify possible predictive factors for upgrading high-risk lesions.METHODSThis retrospective multicenter analysis included 1.343 patients diagnosed with high-risk lesions using an image-guided core needle or vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB). Only patients managed using an excisional biopsy or with at least one year of documented radiological follow-up were included. For each, the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) category, number of samples, needle thickness, and lesion size were correlated with malignancy upgrade rates in different histologic subtypes. Pearson’s chi-squared test, the Fisher–Freeman–Halton test, and Fisher’s exact test were used for the statistical analyses.RESULTSThe overall upgrade rate was 20.6%, with the highest rates in the subtypes of intraductal papilloma (IP) with atypia (44.7%; 55/123), followed by atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) (38.4%; 144/375), lobular neoplasia (LN) (12.7%; 7/55), papilloma without atypia (9.4%; 58/611), flat epithelial atypia (FEA) (8.7%; 10/114), and radial scars (RSs) (4.6%; 3/65). There was a significant relationship between the upgrade rate and BI-RADS category, number of samples, and lesion size Lesion size was the most predictive factor for an upgrade in all subtypes.CONCLUSIONADH and atypical IP showed considerable upgrade rates to malignancy, requiring surgical excision. The LN, IP without atypia, pure FEA, and RS subtypes showed lower malignancy rates when the BI-RADS category was lower and in smaller lesions that had been adequately sampled using VAB. After being discussed in a multidisciplinary meeting, these cases could be managed with follow-up instead of excision

Serbest ve tutuklanmış Pseudomonas sp. hücrelerinden ramnolipid (biyosürfektan) eldesi

Bu çalışmada, bir büyosürfektan olan ramnolipidin Pseudomonas sp.’den üretimi araştırılmıştır. Nutrient agarda üretilen Pseudomonas sp. örnekleri sıvı besiyerine aktarılmıştır. 24 saatlik inkübasyon sonrası, 2 ml’lik kültür örnekleri ramnolipid üretimi için, farklı bir sıvı besiyerine aktarılarak 26. saatte sonuçlar gözlenmiştir. Çalışmada, ayrıca ramnolipid üretimine sıcaklığın, pH’ın ve glukoz konsantrasyonunun etkisi de incelenmiştir. İmmobilize (tutuklanmış) hücreler içinde aynı metotlar uygulanmıştır. Ramnolipid üretimi, serbest hücrelerde tutuklanmış hücrelerden daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Serbest hücreler, etkin ramnolipid üretimi için kullanılabilirler.This study presents a method for the production of rhamnolipid, a biosurfactant, by Pseudomonas sp. Pseudomonas sp. cells that were grown in nutrient agar were inoculated into sterile liquid medium. Following an incubation period of 24 h, 2 ml of cells were inoculated into a different liquid medium and the results were obtained at the end of 26 hours incubation time. In our study, the effects of temperature, pH, and glucose concentration on rhamnolipid production were also investigated. Later, the same procedure was applied to immobilized cells that were kept away from the free microorganisms. The production of rhamnolipid by free cells was found to be much higher than that of immobilized cells. Free cells could be used for rhamnolipid production effectively