Effect of the Base-band Measurement Setup Errors on DPD Performance and Elimination Procedure

In this study, the effect of base-band measurement setup errors on DPD performance was investigated and a calibration procedure is developed to eliminate the measurement errors. A base-band measurement setup is prepared at laboratory with instruments and then the data which is measured and the deteriorating effect of errors on Digital Predistortion (DPD) linearization performance are investigated. In order to eliminate deteriorating effect of this error a three steps calibration procedure is developed. Before and after calibration application DPD performance is measured. It is showed both in simulation and experimentally that the calibration procedure improved the DPD system linearization performance from 10 dB to 26dB and 13dB to 20dB, respectively

Democratic Education: A Theoretical Review (2006–2017)

This theoretical review examines how democratic education is conceptualized within educational scholarship. Three hundred and seventy-seven articles published in English language peer-reviewed journals between 2006 and 2017 are discursively analyzed. Democratic education functions as a privileged nodal point of different political discourses. Two discourses against (elitist and neoliberal) and six discourses pro democratic education (liberal, deliberative, multiculturalist, participatory, critical, and agonistic) construct its meaning. It is argued that the different versions of democratic education respond to various (a) ontological and epistemological assumptions, (b) normative approaches to democracy, and (c) conceptions of the relationship between education and politics. For educational policy, the review provides a critique of elitist and neoliberal policies and support for participatory decision making across discourses. Recommendations for educational practice are made by identifying pedagogies across democratic education scholarship as well as specific pedagogies for each discourse

A novel RP-LC method for determination of pK a values of some anticancer agents and their assay

A simple, reliable, and rapid RP-LC method has been developed for the determination of some anticancer drugs (daunorubicin, doxorubicin and vincristine sulfate) in their dosage forms and human urine. These compounds are well separated on a C18 column using the mobile phase consisting of a mixture of acetonitrile (50:50; v/v) at a flow rate of 1.5 mL min-1. The analyte peaks were detected at 235 nm for doxorubicin and daunorubicin, and 220 nm for vincristine. Linearity was obtained in different concentration ranges between 0.10 and 12 ?g mL-1 for all compounds. Good sensitivity for all analytes was observed with DAD detection. LOD and LOQ of the method were found satisfying. The proposed method has been extensively validated in accordance with ICH guidelines and obtained results proved that the proposed method was precise, accurate, selective, and sensitive for simultaneous analysis of studied compounds. All analytical procedures including sample preparation, flow rate, and run time were at low levels. Also, pK a values were determined using the dependence of the retention factor on the pH of the mobile phase. The effect of the mobile phase composition on the ionization constant was studied by measuring the pK a at different methanol-water mixtures, ranging between 45 and 60 % (v/v). © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.111T627Acknowledgments The authors are thankful for the financial aid received from the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK), Project No. 111T627. We gratefully acknowledge to Dr. Jose Luis Beltran from the University of Barcelona for kindly providing the NLREG 4.0 and STAR programs

A validated RP-LC method for salmeterol and fluticasone in their binary mixtures and their stress degradation behavior under ICH-recommended stress conditions

Simple, accurate, precise and fully validated analytical methods for the simultaneous determination of salmeterol xinafoate and fluticasone propionate in combined dosage forms have been developed. These drugs were exposed to thermal, photolytic, hydrolytic and oxidative stress conditions, and the stressed samples were detected by the proposed method. Additionally, pK a values of three ionizable drugs (salmeterol xinafoate, fluticasone propionate and thioridazine) were determined using by the dependence of the retention factor on pH of the mobile phase. The effect of the mobile phase composition on the ionization constant was studied by measuring the pK a in different acetonitrile-water mixtures, ranging between 50 and 65% (v/v) using LC-UV method. © 2014 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

Determination of dissociation constants of some antifungal drugs by two different methods at 298 K

The dissociation constants of eight antifungal drugs (fenticonazole, isoconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, miconazole, ornidazole, tinidazole, tioconazole) have been determined in water and acetonitrile-water binary mixtures by two different methods. Different organic percentages of acetonitrile have been used. For the LC studies 62.5, 65.0 % and 70.0 (v/v) acetonitrile-water binary mixtures were used while spectroscopic measurements were done in water, 10.0 and 20.0 % (v/v) acetonitrile-water. The influence of acetonitrile on the dissociation constants was investigated. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York

The investigation of the possible relationship between Coxsackie viruses and pemphigus.

BACKGROUND: Pemphigus is a group of autoimmune bullous diseases on which the etiopathogenesis of several viruses has been blamed. Coxsackie viruses (CVs) are the causative agents of hand, foot, and mouth disease, and herpangina, which have been strongly associated with several autoimmune diseases. The onset of pemphigus after CV infection and cephalosporin use has been reported. OBJECTIVE: To detect the presence of CV in patients with pemphigus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis for CV RNA sequences and immunohistochemical staining for the CV and adenovirus receptor expression were performed on patient skin samples. CV-IgM and -IgG serum levels were analyzed. RESULTS: Thirty-two patients and 40 controls were investigated. Neither the CV and adenovirus receptor expression nor CV RNA sequences was established in the skin samples of patients. The ratio of CV-IgG positivity was higher in patients (12.5%) than in the controls (5%; P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our preliminary results indicate that the viral genome of CV does not become persistent in the skin. Further studies with a larger number of cases are needed to clarify the place of CVs in the etiopathogenesis of pemphigus

Analytical application of polymethylene blue-multiwalled carbon nanotubes modified glassy carbon electrode on anticancer drug irinotecan and determination of its ionization constant value

PubMed ID: 24054682The voltammetric behavior of anticancer drug irinotecan (IRT) was investigated at poly (methylene blue)/multi-walled carbon nanotube (PMB/MWCNT) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The modified electrode surface was characterized by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The PMB/MWCNT modified GCE exhibits a distinct shift of the oxidation potential of IRT on the cathodic direction and a considerable enhancement of the peak current compared with bare electrode. The calibration curve was linear between the concentration range 8.0×10-6 and 8.0×10-5 M with the detection limit of 2.14×10-7 M by differential pulse voltammetry in pH 10.0 Britton-Robinson buffer solution. Controlled potential coulometry was applied to find transferred electron numbers due to the oxidation of IRT. In this study, the pKa value of IRT was also determined by the dependence of the retention factor on the pH of the mobile phase. The effect of the mobile phase composition on the ionization constant was studied by measuring the pKa at different acetonitrile-water mixtures, ranging between 35 and 50% (v/v) using the reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RP-LC) method with UV detector. IRT was exposed to thermal, photolytic, hydrolytic and oxidative stress conditions, and the stressed samples were detected by the proposed method. Sensitive, rapid, and fully validated electrochemical and RP-LC methods for the determination of IRT in its dosage form were presented in details. © 2013 Elsevier B.V

Embedded Sacrificial Layers for CMUT Fabrication

IEEE Sensors (2015 : Busan, SOUTH KOREA)Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers (CMUTs) are generally fabricated either by conventional sacrificial release process or by wafer bonding technique. In the former, sacrificial layers are patterned with deposited materials on the substrate. This current work reports a development on the aforementioned technique wherein sacrificial islands are embedded inside grooves opened by DRIE in the substrate itself. The depth of the grooves and the thickness of the sacrificial layer are identical in dimension. As the first membrane layer between the top electrode and vacuum gap reduces the device sensitivity, it needs to be kept as thin as possible. Conformality of the deposition technique, however, requires a deposition thickness at least equal to the sacrificial layer. Hence one cannot go below a certain first membrane layer thickness. The present method is expected to solve such problems in CMUT fabrication. The present technique keeps the substrate completely flat even after sacrificial patterning, hence aiding the consecutive process steps such as electrode deposition and patterning. The described method does not increase process complexity other than an additional RIE step. Using this technique CMUTs with 5.6 MHz center frequency have been manufactured and tested.IEEE Sensors Council, IEEE Societie

Multiphase gan class-d resonant amplifier for high-intensity focused ultrasound

20th IEEE Workshop on Control and Modeling for Power Electronics, COMPEL (2019: Toronto, Canada)Focused ultrasound treats tissue deep in the body without damaging surrounding structures. Driven by large-Amplitude RF electrical signals, ultrasonic transducers can generate large pressure acoustic wave. Wide-bandgap semiconductors, e.g., Gallium Nitride (GaN), greatly simplify the design and reduce the requisite size and weight of RF amplifiers, and so improves the portability of focused ultrasound device. Here, we demonstrate a compact 8-phase 5 MHz Class-D resonant amplifier for a focused ultrasound cancer therapy application. © 2019 IEEE