Higher Education Society Preparedness to Emergencies and Disasters Activities and Responsibilities in Gümü?hane University

Yükseköğretim kurumlarında afet ve acil durum yönetiminin tüm evrelerinin uygulanabilmesi ve geliştirilebilmesi için, kapsamlı bir afet ve acil durum eylem planının oluşturulması gerekmektedir. Aynı zamanda kurumdaki tüm bireylerin afet ve acil durumlardaki görev ve sorumlulukları ile hazırlık ve bilgi düzeylerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini, Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesinin personeli ve öğrencileri oluşturmaktadır. Afet ve acil durumlara yönelik hazırlıklı olma konusundaki algılarının değerlendirilmesi ve fakültenin afetlere hazırlık düzeyinin belirlenebilmesi amacıyla bir anket formu geliştirilmiş ve veriler bu anket formu aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Çalışmamızda hazırlık ortalamasının 3,55±2,22 olduğu bulunmuştur. Personel katılımcıların hazırlık tutum ortalamaları ile, okul hazırlık puan ortalamaları arasında doğrusal bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Bilgi puan ortalamalarının diğer ortalamalar arasında istatistiksel olarak bir ilişkiye rastlanmamıştır.A comprehensive disaster and emergency action plan needs to be developed to be able to apply and develop all phases of disaster and emergency management in higher education institutions. At the same time, it was aimed to determine the level of preparation and knowledge of disaster and emergency situations and responsibilities and duties of all individuals in the institution. A questionnaire was developed to assess the perceptions of the administrative staff, academic staff and students of the Faculty of Health Sciences of Gümü?hane University, which constitute the researcher's universe, regarding the preparedness for disaster and emergency situations and to determine whether the faculty is ready for disasters. In our study, it was found that the average of the school preparations is 3.55 ± 2.22. As the average attitudes of the preparatory attitudes of the staff participants increase, the average of the school preparation scores increases. The relationship between participants' averages of 'Probability, Trust, Anxiety, Knowledge' scores was examined

Doğum analjezisinde sürekli infüzyon ve hasta kontrollü analjezi yönteminin kombine spinal epidural ile epiduralanaljezi tekniklerinde klinik etkinliklerinin karşılastırılması

Çalısmamızda dogum analjezisinde sürekli infüzyon ile hasta kontrollü analjezi yönteminin kombine spinal epidural (KSE) ile epidural (EP) analjezi tekniklerinde klinik etkinliklerini karsılastırmayı amaçladık. Etik kurul onayı ile, vajinal dogum yapması planlanan gebelik haftası 36. ile 42. haftalar arasında, tek fetus, verteks presentasyonu olan 60 primigravid gebe çalısmaya alındı. Olgular rastgele iki gruba ayrıldı (Grup 1: KSE grubu, Grup 2: EP grubu). KSE grubundaki gebelere 2.5 mg hiperbarik bupivakin ile 25 µg fentanil, toplam volüm 1ml olacak sekilde verildi. Her iki grupta da kullanılmak üzere bupivakain (0.5 mg/ml) ile fentanil (1.5 µg/ml) içeren EP infüzyon solüsyonları hazırlandı. Agrının derecesi vizüel analog skala (VAS) kullanılarak degerlendirildi. EP grubundaki gebelere hemen, KSE grubundaki gebelere ise intratekal dozun analjezik etkisinin geçip VAS 4 oldugunda %0.125 bupivakain + 50 µg fentanil 10 ml yükleme dozu ve hemen ardından 10 ml/saat bazal hız olacak sekilde EP infüzyon baslandı. Iki gruptaki gebelerin ihtiyaç duyduklarında 10 ml bolus doz uygulayabilmeleri saglandı. Maternal ve fetal hemodinamik monitorizasyon yapıldı. Gebelere analjezi baslangıç dozu verildikten sonra agrının tamamen kaybolma süresi kaydedildi. Dogumun 1., 2. dönem süreleri, EPinfüzyon süresi, total EPinfüzyon miktarı, tüketilen bupivakain miktarları, ek bolus doz gereksinimi, travayda ve postpartum dönemde gelisen yan etkiler kaydedildi. KSE grubunda analjezinin baslama süresi EP gruba göre çok kısaydı. KSE grubunda özellikle dogumun 1. evresinde servikal dilatasyonda hızlı artma ve dogumun süresinde kısalma gözlendi. KSE grubunda annenin hemodinamisi daha iyi korundugu hipotansiyonun olmadıgı, infüze edilen lokal anestezi (LA) miktarlarının çok düsük oldugu ve anne memnuniyetinin EPgruba oranla daha fazla oldugu gözlendi. Dogum analjezisinde sürekli infüzyon ile birlikte hasta kontrollü analjezi yönteminde KSE analjezinin EPanaljeziye oranla daha güvenilir bir yöntem oldugunu söyleyebiliriz.Our aim was to compare the clinical efficacies of combined spinal-epidural analgesia and epidural analgesia techniques performed with the continuous patient controlled infusion method in labor analgesia. Following approval of the local ethics committee, 60 primigravid singleton pregnant women between 36 and 42 weeks of pregnancy, with vertex presentation and planned to give vaginal birth were included in the study. Patients were randomly divided into two groups. (Group 1: Combined spinal epidural analgesia (CSE) group and Group 2: Epidural analgesia (EP) group). Participants in CSE group were given a total volume of 1 ml, which is composed of 2.5 mg hyperbaric bupivacain and 25 µg fentanyl. EP infusion solutions were prepared with bupivacaine (0.5 mg/ml) and fentanyl (1.5µg/ml) for use in both groups. The degree of pain was assessed by using visual analogue scale (VAS).A10 ml loading dose consisting of 0.125% bupivacaine and 50 µg fentanyl was applied in the EP group. The CSE group received this dose when the VAS score reached 4 after the disapearance of the effect of intrathecal dose. EP infusions with a basal flow rate of 10ml/hr were given immediately after bolus doses. The pregnant women in both groups were able to apply themselves a bolus dose of 10 ml when needed. Maternal and fetal hemodynamic parameters were monitored. The period of time from the first application of analgesia until total dissappearance of the pain was recorded in all subjects. The durations of the first and second stages of labor, durations of EP infusions, total amounts of EP infusions, consumed bupivacaine amounts, any need for further bolus doses, adverse effects in the intrapartum and postpartum periods were recorded. Initiation time of analgesia in subjects of CSE group was much shorter than the EP group. Especially, more rapid dilatation of cervix in the first stage of labor and a shorter labor time were observed in CSE group. Better preserved maternal hemodynamics without hypotension, lower amounts of infused local anesthetics and better patient satisfaction were also observed in theCSEgroup compared with the EPgroup. We can comment that CSE analgesia technique performed with continuous patient controlled infusion method is a more reliable method than EPanalgesia technique in labor analgesia

Patterns of active and passive smoking, and associated factors, in the South-east Anatolian Project (SEAP) region in Turkey

BACKGROUND: Smoking is an important health threat in Turkey. This study aimed to determine the frequency of and main factors associated with smoking in persons of 15 years and over, and the frequency of passive smoking in homes in the South-east Anatolian Project (SEAP) Region in Turkey. METHODS: A cross sectional design was employed. The sample waschosen by the State Institute of Statistics using a stratified cluster probability sampling method. 1126 houses representing the SEAP Region were visited. Questionnaires about tobacco smoking and related factors were applied to 2166 women and 1906 men (of 15 years old and above) in their homes. Face-to-face interview methods were employed. Participants were classified as current, ex, and non-smokers. The presence of a regular daily smoker in a house was used as an indication of passive smoking. The chi-square andlogistic regressionanalysis methods were used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of smoking, in those of 15 years and over, was 11.8% in women and 49.7% in men. The prevalence of current smokers was higher in urban (34.5 %) than in rural (22.8 %) regions. The mean of total cigarette consumption was 6.5 packs/year in women and 17.9 packs/year in men. There was at least one current smoker in 70.1% of the houses. CONCLUSION: Smoking is a serious problem in the South-eastern Anatolian Region. Male gender, middle age, a high level of education and urban residency were most strongly associated with smoking