Bağlanma Stilleri ile Aşk Tipleri, Duygusal Dışavurum ve Yaşam Doyumu Arasındaki İlişki

Bu çalışma romantik ilişkilerde bağlanma stilleri ile aşk tipi tercihi, duygusal ifade ve yaşam doyumu arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektedir. Çalışmaya 226 gönüllü katılmıştır. Sonuçlar, romantik partnerlerine güvenli bağlanmış katılımcıların Eros aşk tipini; görece güvensiz bağlanmış katılımcıların ise Ludus, Pragma ve Mania aşk tiplerini tercih ettiklerini göstermiştir. Romantik partnerlerine güvenli ve güvensiz bağlanan katılımcıların Storge ve Agape aşk tipi tercihleri arasında bir farklılık görülmemiştir. Ayrıca, partnerlerine güvenli ya da güvensiz bağlanan gruplar arasında genel duygusal dışavurum açısından anlamlı bir farklılık yoktur. Son olarak, romantik partnerlerine güvenli bağlanan katılımcıların, güvensiz olanlardan daha fazla yaşam doyumuna sahip oldukları belirlenmiştir. Romantik ilişkilerde bağlanma stillerine yönelik çalışmalar ile duygusal dışavurumlar ve yaşam doyumuna yönelik farklılaştırma gücünün elde edilebileceği tartışılmıştır

Violent games and agression: Moderator role of parentel guidance

With the spread of digital technology, the effects of video games which have violent content on children's behaviors have been the subject of curiosity. The literature indicates different findings. Some researchers suggest that violent games lead children to aggression while others indicate that playing violent games do not directly cause violence (see, Calvert et. al., 2015; Ferguson, 2015; Lin, 2013; Prescott, Sargent, & Hull, 2017). They demonstrate that there are mediator or moderator variables such as children's cognitive assessment powers, social attitudes towards violence, means of transport for violence and punishment after violence to indicate this relationship even social learning was effective in this context. The current study examines that mediator role of identification with game characters in the violent game (M) in the model and moderator role of parental guidance (W) on all paths between X, M, and dependent variable (Y), aggressive behavior (see, Hayes' Process Model 59, 2018). Our sample was 9 -17 aged 140 children. We directly asked children about their duration of violent game playing. We used the Identification with the Player Character Scale (Hefner, Klimmt, & Vorderer, 2007) to measure character identification. Participants answer the Social Support Questionnaire for Children (Gordon-Hollingsworth et. al., 2015) for the perceived parental support. The Aggression Scale (Orpinas & Frankowski, 2001 ) is used to measure our dependent variable which is children's aggressive behavior. Sample size analysis shows that it should be at least 138 participants total. According to the expected results, we think that the duration of violent video games play and identification with the game characters in them will predict children's aggressive behavior; however, we expect that the effect of the identification on aggressive behavior will decrease when perceived parental guidance increases. The results showed that when duration of violent game playing rises, identification with game character increases. On the contrary of our hypotheses, neither duration of violent game playing, nor identification with game character predict aggressive behavior. Effect of the constant on both identification with game character and aggressive behavior is significant. Therefore, future studies should leave classical violent game and aggressive behavior association and focus new predictors

Exploring Attitudes Toward “Sugar Relationships” Across 87 Countries: A Global Perspective on Exchanges of Resources for Sex and Companionship

The current study investigates attitudes toward one form of sex for resources: the so-called sugar relationships, which often involve exchanges of resources for sex and/or companionship. The present study examined associations among attitudes toward sugar relationships and relevant variables (e.g., sex, sociosexuality, gender inequality, parasitic exposure) in 69,924 participants across 87 countries. Two self-report measures of Acceptance of Sugar Relationships (ASR) developed for younger companion providers (ASR-YWMS) and older resource providers (ASR-OMWS) were translated into 37 languages. We tested cross-sex and cross-linguistic construct equivalence, cross-cultural invariance in sex differences, and the importance of the hypothetical predictors of ASR. Both measures showed adequate psychometric properties in all languages (except the Persian version of ASR-YWMS). Results partially supported our hypotheses and were consistent with previous theoretical considerations and empirical evidence on human mating. For example, at the individual level, sociosexual orientation, traditional gender roles, and pathogen prevalence were significant predictors of both ASR-YWMS and ASR-OMWS. At the country level, gender inequality and parasite stress positively predicted the ASR-YWMS. However, being a woman negatively predicted the ASR-OMWS, but positively predicted the ASR-YWMS. At country-level, ingroup favoritism and parasite stress positively predicted the ASR-OMWS. Furthermore, significant cross-subregional differences were found in the openness to sugar relationships (both ASR-YWMS and ASR-OMWS scores) across subregions. Finally, significant differences were found between ASR-YWMS and ASR-OMWS when compared in each subregion. The ASR-YWMS was significantly higher than the ASR-OMWS in all subregions, except for Northern Africa and Western Asia

Ego tehdidi altında duyguların dışavurumunun kırılgan ve güvenli benlik saygısı arasındaki ilişkide düzenleyici rolü

Low self-esteem is commonly seen as the cause of negative outcomes though recent work has demonstrated that high self-esteem can also lead many negative outcomes including self-regulation failure under certain conditions. Especially those with fragile high self-esteem (vs. secure high self-esteem) tend to show poor selfregulation if they experience ego-threat. However, it has been left unexplored whether or not the capacity to self-regulate change when individuals who are experiencing ego threat are given an opportunity to express their emotions. Moreover, it is unknown how the effects of emotion expression would differ among those with secure vs. fragile self-esteem. The current thesis aims to examine the moderating role of emotion expression between individuals with high vs. low global self-esteem, and those with secure and fragile self-esteem, and self-regulation under ego-threat manipulation. The method was presented in detail. The results showed that self-esteem and emotion expression were not related to self-regulation. However, among individuals who expressed their emotions, self-esteem stability was not associated with self-regulation failure, whereas for those who did not express their emotions, self-esteem stability predicted self-regulation failure. Explanatory analyses revealed that gender differences are critical factor on the relationship v between self-esteem and emotional expression. Men with low self-esteem had less self-regulation failure than men with high self-esteem when they express their emotions under ego-threat manipulation. However, self-esteem and emotion expression were not related to self-regulation failure. The implication of findings as well as the contribution of the study to the current work in ego threat and selfregulation were discussed.Düşük benlik saygısı genellikle olumsuz sonuçların nedeni olarak görülmektedir, ancak son çalışmalar yüksek benlik saygısının belirli koşullar altında benlik düzenleme başarısızlığı da dâhil olmak üzere birçok olumsuz sonuca yol açabileceğini gösterdi. Özellikle kırılgan yüksek benlik saygısına sahip olanlar (güvenli yüksek benlik saygısına kıyasla), ego tehdidi yaşarlarsa benlik düzenlemesinde başarısızlık gösterme eğilimindedirler. Bununla birlikte, ego tehdidi yaşayan bireylere duygularını ifade etme fırsatı verildiğinde, benlik düzenleme kapasitesinin değişip değişmeyeceği henüz keşfedilmemiştir. Dahası, benlik saygısı kırılgan ya da güvenli olanlarda duygu ifadesinin etkilerinin nasıl farklılaşacağı bilinmemektedir. Bu tez, genel benlik saygısı yüksek ve düşük olan bireylerin (güvenli ve kırılgan benlik saygısı düzeyinde) benlik düzenleme başarılarını duygu ifadesinin düzenleyici rolü bağlamında ego tehdidi manipülasyonu altında incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Yöntem detaylı bir şekilde sunulmuştur. Sonuçlar, benlik saygısı ve duygu ifadesinin benlik düzenleme ile ilişkili olmadığını gösterdi. Bununla birlikte, duygularını ifade eden bireylerde benlik saygısı sabitliği, benlik düzenleme başarısızlığı ile ilişkilendirilmezken, duygularını ifade etmeyenler için vii benlik saygısı sabitliği benlik düzenleme başarısızlığını yordamaktadır. Açıklayıcı analizler, benlik saygısı ile duygusal ifade arasındaki ilişkide cinsiyet farklılıklarının kritik bir faktör olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Benlik saygısı düşük olan erkekler, duygularını ego tehdidi manipülasyonu altında ifade ettiklerinde, yüksek benlik saygısı olan erkeklerden daha az benlik düzenleme başarısızlığına sahipti. Ancak benlik saygısı ve duygu ifadesi benlik düzenleme başarısızlığı ile ilişkili değildi. Bulguların anlamı ve çalışmanın ego tehdidi ve benlik düzenleme konusundaki mevcut literatüre katkısı tartışıldı.M.S. - Master of Scienc

The Relationship Between Attachment Style in Romantic Relationship, Love Type, Emotional Expression and Life Satisfaction

The current study examines the association between attachment styles in romantic relations and love type preference, emotional expression, and life satisfaction. Two hundred twenty-six volunteers participated in the study. Results showed that participants who were securely attached to their romantic partners preferred Eros love type more, while participants who were insecurely attached to their romantic partners decided on Ludus, Pragma, and Mania love types. There was no difference between secure and insecure attachment styles in terms of Storge and Agape love types. Moreover, there was no difference between groups in terms of general emotional expression. Participants who were securely attached had higher life satisfaction than those who were insecure. It is argued that differentiation power on emotional expression and life satisfaction might be obtained with studies about attachment styles in the romantic relationship

The Relationship Between Attachment Style in Romantic Relationship, Love Type, Emotional Expression and Life Satisfaction

The current study examines the association between attachment styles in romantic relations and love type preference, emotional expression, and life satisfaction. Two hundred twenty-six volunteers participated in the study. Results showed that participants who were securely attached to their romantic partners preferred Eros love type more, while participants who were insecurely attached to their romantic partners decided on Ludus, Pragma, and Mania love types. There was no difference between secure and insecure attachment styles in terms of Storge and Agape love types. Moreover, there was no difference between groups in terms of general emotional expression. Participants who were securely attached had higher life satisfaction than those who were insecure. It is argued that differentiation power on emotional expression and life satisfaction might be obtained with studies about attachment styles in the romantic relationship.Bu çalışma romantik ilişkilerde bağlanma stilleri ile aşk tipi tercihi, duygusal ifade ve yaşam doyumu arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektedir. Çalışmaya 226 gönüllü katılmıştır. Sonuçlar, romantik partnerlerine güvenli bağlanmış katılımcıların Eros aşk tipini; görece güvensiz bağlanmış katılımcıların ise Ludus, Pragma ve Mania aşk tiplerini tercih ettiklerini göstermiştir. Romantik partnerlerine güvenli ve güvensiz bağlanan katılımcıların Storge ve Agape aşk tipi tercihleri arasında bir farklılık görülmemiştir. Ayrıca, partnerlerine güvenli ya da güvensiz bağlanan gruplar arasında genel duygusal dışavurum açısından anlamlı bir farklılık yoktu. Son olarak, romantik partnerlerine güvenli bağlanan katılımcıların, güvensiz olanlardan daha fazla yaşam doyumuna sahip oldukları belirlenmiştir. Romantik ilişkilerde bağlanma stillerine yönelik çalışmalar ile duygusal dışavurumlar ve yaşam doyumuna yönelik farklılaştırma gücünün elde edilebileceği tartışılmıştır

Violent games and agression: moderator role of parentel guidance

With the spread of digital technology, the effects of video games which have violent content on children's behaviors have been the subject of curiosity. The literature indicates different findings. Some researchers suggest that violent games lead children to aggression while others indicate that playing violent games do not directly cause violence (see, Calvert et. al., 2015; Ferguson, 2015; Lin, 2013; Prescott, Sargent, & Hull, 2017). They demonstrate that there are mediator or moderator variables such as children's cognitive assessment powers, social attitudes towards violence, means of transport for violence and punishment after violence to indicate this relationship even social learning was effective in this context. The current study examines that mediator role of identification with game characters in the violent game (M) in the model and moderator role of parental guidance (W) on all paths between X, M, and dependent variable (Y), aggressive behavior (see, Hayes' Process Model 59, 2018). Our sample was 9 -17 aged 140 children. We directly asked children about their duration of violent game playing. We used the Identification with the Player Character Scale (Hefner, Klimmt, & Vorderer, 2007) to measure character identification. Participants answer the Social Support Questionnaire for Children (Gordon-Hollingsworth et. al., 2015) for the perceived parental support. The Aggression Scale (Orpinas & Frankowski, 2001 ) is used to measure our dependent variable which is children's aggressive behavior. Sample size analysis shows that it should be at least 138 participants total. According to the expected results, we think that the duration of violent video games play and identification with the game characters in them will predict children's aggressive behavior; however, we expect that the effect of the identification on aggressive behavior will decrease when perceived parental guidance increases. The results showed that when duration of violent game playing rises, identification with game character increases. On the contrary of our hypotheses, neither duration of violent game playing, nor identification with game character predict aggressive behavior. Effect of the constant on both identification with game character and aggressive behavior is significant. Therefore, future studies should leave classical violent game and aggressive behavior association and focus new predictors

Dark Personality and Road Crashes: Mediating Role of Driver Vengeance and Violations

Aggressive driving and road rage are increasingly leading to Motor Vehicle Collisions (MVC), especially in the developing countries. Considering that malevolent personality characteristics, such as dark triad (narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy) create a tendency for vengeful and aggressive driving, we examined the power of personality variables in predicting MVC. Specifically, using Contextual Mediated Model (Sümer, 2003), we tested a double mediation model in which driving anger and vengeance mediate the relationships between personality characteristics (Big Five Traits and Dark Triad) and driving violations, and in turn, driving violations mediate the link between driving anger/vengeance and risky driving outcomes (MVC and traffic tickets). Turkish drivers (N = 485, female = %51) completed the measures of personality, aberrant driving behaviors, vengeance, and driving anger. Results of path analyses revealed that whereas narcissism and neuroticism are the critical predictors for aggressive driving Machiavellianism is the strongest predictor of driving vengeance. Moreover, Machiavellianism both directly and indirectly via driving vengeance and violations predicted MVC. Personality variables and mediating variables explained 21% and 26% of the variance in MVC and traffic tickets, respectively, values much higher than those previously reported in the past research. Findings have critical implications for the assessment of aggressive drivers and potential for road rage