Development of Upper Euphrates Basin hydro-economic model and hydropower generation optimization

Hydro-economic optimization models are common in hydropower reservoir modeling to aid system operators and planners. In these models, operations are driven by the economic value and constrained by the availability of water. The objective is to either minimize total costs or maximize total benefits. In this study, a hydro-economic optimization model for the integrated reservoir system of the Upper Euphrate s Basin, with major tributaries providing water flow to the Euphrates River, is introduced. These model the 10 large-scale reservoirs of the basin with a total installed capacity of 3,255 MW. Water management and hydropower decision-making operations are evaluated with a piecewise linear programming algorithm in monthly time steps using a 45-year historical hydrology between 1971 and 2016. The model aims to maximize hydropower revenue over a long-term time horizon with energy prices varying by month. Reservoir storage and turbine release decisions are optimized for multiple hydropower plants connected in serial or parallel. Hydropower generation, revenue, reservoir storage, capacity ratios and generation reliability results are analyzed. Results show that these hydropower plants generate about 9,481 Gigawatt hour (GWh) of energy with an average turbine capacit y use of 36% and obtain a revenue of 620 million $ per year

A Special Precast Beam-column Connection And Energy Dissipative Alloys For This Connection

Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2011Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2011Esas itibariyle bütünler nitelikteki iki konuyu kapsayan bu çalışmanın ilk bölümü, prefabrike yapı sistemlerde kullanılan bir konut tipi kolon - kiriş birleşim detayının deneysel ve kuramsal olarak incelenmesinden oluşmaktadır. Deneysel bölümde, mevcut bir prefabrike yapı örneğinden alınmış birbirine özdeş 1/1 ölçekli dört deney numunesinin, laboratuarda tek yönlü artan yani monotonik ve iki yönlü değişken yatay yükler etkisindeki deneyleri yapılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar basit yapısal modellerin çözümlenmesiyle kuramsal açıdan karşılaştırılmıştır. Çalışmanın ikinci bölümünde ise şekil bellek etkisi ve süper elastik davranış kavramları ve malzeme yapıları üzerinde durulmuş, seçilen tek yönlü bir alaşımın sönümleyici olarak kullanıldığı bir birleşim kuramsal olarak incelenmiştir. Döşemenin çekmede ve basınçta olduğu her iki durum için, kuramsal sonuçların deneysel sonuçlara çok yakın olduğu görülmüştür. Şekil bellekli alaşımların yapıların depremden yalıtılmasında kullanılabilecek bir malzeme olabileceği tespit edilmiştir.In this study which consists of two complementary topics, the earthquake behaviour of a precast beam-column connection has been investigated in experimental and analytical manner. In the experimental part of the work four 1/1 scale, identical beam-column specimens have been tested in the laboratory. The obtained results have been compared through analysis of simple structural models in terms of analytical perspective. The second major topic of this work is related to the shape memory effect and super elastic behaviour of special alloy which could be used in a connection for energy absorption. It has been observed that the analytical results are close to the experimental results for both condition of slab in tension and compression. Shape memory alloys were confirmed available material to insulating buildings from earthquake.Yüksek LisansM.Sc

Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of transition metal oxides

Thesis (Master)--Izmir Institute of Technology, Materials Science and Engineering, Izmir, 2004Includes bibliographical references (leaves: 64-68)Text in English; Abstract: Turkish and Englishxii, 68 leavesHydrothermal method has proven to be an excellent method for the synthesis of novel metal oxides and vanadates. This research pertains to the synthesis of novel lead chlorovanadate compound and of a known alkali metal trivanadate compound, KV3O8 by hydrothermal method This method has been used to synthesize many inorganic oxide compounds Hydrothermal synthesis is the use of aqueous solvents under high temperature and high pressure to dissolve and recrystallize materials. Compounds with interesting structure and physical properties are often obtained from this technique that is known as one of the low-temperature synthesis techniques for solid state compounds. There are many studies that have been done on oxides in the Pb-V-O systems There are also many vanadium oxides containing Pb, V, O elements in Pb-V-O system such as Pb1.32V8.35O16.7, PbV6O11, PbV2O6, Pb2V3O8.5, and .-PbxV2O5 bronzes (x . 0.3). In an attempt to synthesize vanadium oxides at low temperature, we were able to obtain needle shaped yellow crystals of PbVO3Cl. In the nature, there is a kombatite mineral, Pb14(VO4)2O9Cl4, with the same composition of elements. A new lead chlorovanadate, PbVO3Cl, was obtained from the reaction of NaVO3 and PbCl2 in aqueous solution of B(OH)3. The compound was prepared in an autoclave that was filled with aqueous solution of B(OH)3 and heated at 170oC for 3 days. The compound crystallizes in the space group Pnma of the orthorhombic system with formula units in a cell of dimensions a . 10.022(2

Crystal structure of lead(II) trioxovanadate(V) chloride, Pb[VO 3]Cl

ClO3PbV, orthorhombic, Pnma (no. 62), a = 10.022(2) Å, b = 5.288(1) Å, c = 7.171(1) Å, V= 380.0 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.035, wRref(F2) = 0.105, T= 153 K.The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (grant no. TBAG-2160(102T052)

Metagenomic assessment of prokaryotic diversity within hypersaline Tuz Lake, Turkey

WOS:000703487400011Tuz Lake is the second biggest lake with an extreme hypersaline environment (over 32% (w/v) salt) in Turkey. It is reported that the lake was of marine origin, and its formation began with tensional movements during the Late Cretaceous and the Late Eocene. We conducted this research to determine the prokaryotic diversity of Tuz Lake by metagenomics approach, which is 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing of microbial communities in their natural environments. Hence, next-generation sequencing and then bioinformatic analysis was used to investigate the microbial structure of halophilic Bacteria and Archaea in Tuz Lake. Metagenomic analysis of reads revealed that all the archaeal populations in Tuz Lake belonged to the Euryarchaeota and Nanoarchaeaeota phyla. Haloquadratum (34%), Haloparvum (31%), Halonotius (7%), Halorubrum (3%), Halapricum (2%), Halobellus (3%), Natronomonas (1%), Halococcus (1%), and Halobacterium (1%) were found as the dominant archaeal genera. The most abundant and diverse bacterial phyla were Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria. The remaining bacterial taxa were assigned to Acetothermia, Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, and Halanaerobiaeota. Salinibacter (3%), uncultured microorganisms (1%), Pseudomonas (<1%), Arhodomonas (<1%), Halorhodospira (<1%), Chromobacterium (<1%) were the most common genera in bacterial diversity. Monthly and seasonal potential interactions among environmental factors and taxa were investigated. It was detected that several environmental factors such as temperature, salinity, and drought might have significant effects on microbial richness

Green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles with Veronica multifida and their antibiofilm activity

WOS:000497079700001PubMed:31726879In the present study, Veronica multifida leaf extract and zinc acetate dihydrate were utilized to synthesize zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) eco-friendly and cost-effectively under different physical conditions. Soxhlet extractor was used for the preparation of aqueous plant extract. UV-Vis (ultraviolet-visible) spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were used to characterize the ZnO NPs. UV-Vis spectrophotometer in the range of 200-800 nm was used to get information about the formation of ZnO NPs at different pH and temperatures. FTIR spectrum revealed the presence of functional groups in ZnO NPs. XRD, scanning electron microscope, and TEM analyses confirmed the crystal structure and average size of ZnO NPs. The antimicrobial activities of ZnO NPs were tested on microorganisms, that is, Escherichia coli ATCC 43895, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella typhimurium. Moreover, antibiofilm activity of ZnO NPs was performed against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus ATCC 29213. ZnO NPs have shown effective antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities against tested microorganisms. The results elucidated that eco-friendly and cost-effectively produced ZnO NPs could be used as coating materials and in a wide range of industrial applications, such as pharmaceutical industries and cosmetics.Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University Coordinatorship of Scientific Research ProjectKaramanoglu Mehmetbey University [21-M-17]The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was supported by the Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University Coordinatorship of Scientific Research Project [Grant Number: 21-M-17]

Performance Comparison of PID and NARX Neural Network for Attitude Control of a Quadcopter UAV

In this study, two different types of controllers have been designed and tested for altitude and motion control of an autonomous quadrotor to compare the control performance under the influence of parametric uncertainty and disturbances. The first controller is a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller which is a conventional linear controller. The closed-loop PID algorithms calculate the results of the system by using the error values that consist of the difference between the sensor values measured by the closed-loop feedback method and the reference inputs. The second method that has been used is artificial neural network (ANN) algorithms, which provide both advantages and convenience in defining and controlling linear systems and non-linear systems with the closed-loop feedback method used in PID. The most important feature of the ANN algorithms is their high performance as a result of training with different input values. Therefore, the ANN control system has been trained with the input data used with Gaussian noise and the desired target data. A dynamic time series non-linear autoregressive with Exogenous input (NARX) neural network has been chosen as an ANN controller because of the time-delayed backpropagation learning performance. In this study, PID, and NARX NN control algorithms to control the maneuvers and altitude of the quadcopter and the mathematical model have been designed on Matlab Simulink. Motion control performances of the PID and NARX controllers are tested on the model. The design was tested on a real-time simulation environment with a one-millisecond fixed-step size. This paper proposes an alternative approach to control attitude and altitude on a quadcopter with the NARX NN algorithm.</p

Assessment of clinical features and renal functions in Coronavirus disease-19: A retrospective analysis of 96 patients

Background The most common extra pulmonary organ dysfunction in acute respiratory distress syndrome is acute kidney injury. Current data so far indicate low incidence of AKI in Covid-19 disease. Objective In this retrospective study, we analysed the clinical features of patients diagnosed with Covid-19 and investigated the effect of Covid-19 on kidney function. Methods Ninety-six patients diagnosed with Covid-19 were included in our study. Demographic features (Age, gender, co-morbidities), symptoms, thorax CT findings, Covid-19 PCR results and laboratory findings were recorded. The clinical features of the patients were analysed and kidney function values before Covid-19 diagnosis were compared with kidney function values after Covid-19 diagnosis. Results Most presenting symptom was fever (51%). Most accompanying co-morbidity was hypertension (56%). According to laboratory findings; ferritin, D-dimer and C-reactive protein levels were statistically significantly higher in ARDS group than severe pneumonia and pneumonia group (P = .002,P = .001 andP < .001, respectively). Also lymphocyte levels were statistically significantly lower in ARDS group than severe pneumonia and pneumonia group (P = .042). According to KDIGO criteria 3 (3.1%) patients had AKI during the hospital stay. For all patients, there was statistically significant difference between basal, 1st, 5th and 10th day BUN and SCr levels (P = .024 andP = .018, respectively). For severe pneumonia group there was statistically significant difference between basal, 1st, 5th and 10th day SCr levels (P = .045). Conclusion Our study demonstrated that Covid-19 can cause renal impairment both with pneumonia and ARDS. A large-scale prospective randomised studies are needed to reach final judgement about this topic