Farklı substratlar, pleurotus ostreatus'un antioksidan özelliklerini ve antimikrobiyal aktivitesini etkiler mi?

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of growing substrates on the antioxidant properties and antimicrobial activities of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm. In the study, growing substrates were prepared with five different tree sawdust (80%) and waste (20% Tea Waste or Wheat Bran) at different ratios (80% Sawdust + 20% TW, 80% Sawdust + 20% GW). The antimicrobial activities of methanol extracts from P. ostreatus grown on 19 different substrates were tested against microorganisms by agar well diffusion technique. The total phenolic content was measured by using the Folin-Ciocalteau procedure. The antioxidant capacity was determined by using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and the free radical scavenging activity of DPPH. It was determined that the methanol extract of mushrooms obtained from the 80QS+20TW substrate was the most effective extract against all of the microorganisms investigated in this study. Significant differences (P<0.01) were found among extracts of mushrooms grown on different substrates. Total phenolic, FRAP and DPPH assay contents of methanol extracts from P. ostreatus varied between 1.016 to 4.772 mg GAE/g, 2.245 to 8.902 μmol FeSO4.7H2O/g, 4.650 to 22.922 mg/mL, respectively. The results of this study revealed that the substrate content affects the antioxidant properties and antimicrobial activities of P. ostreatus. In addition, it was observed that tea waste has a positive effect on antimicrobial activity when added to substrate.Bu çalışmanın amacı, yetiştirme substratlarının Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm.’un antioksidan özellikleri ve antimikrobiyal aktiviteleri üzerindeki etkisini belirlemektir. Çalışmada beş farklı talaş türü (%80) ve atık (%20 Çay Atığı veya Buğday Kepeği) ile farklı oranlarda (%80 Talaş + %20 Çay atığı, %80 Talaş + 20% Buğday kepeği) yetiştirme substratları hazırlanmıştır. 19 farklı substrat üzerinde büyütülen P. ostreatus'tan elde edilen metanol ekstraktlarının antimikrobiyal aktiviteleri, agar kuyucuk difüzyon tekniği ile mikroorganizmalara karşı test edildi. Toplam fenolik içerik, Folin-Ciocalteau prosedürü kullanılarak ölçülmüştür. Antioksidan kapasitesi, ferrik indirgeyici antioksidan gücü (FRAP) ve DPPH'nin serbest radikal süpürücü aktivitesi kullanılarak belirlendi. 80QS+20TW substratından elde edilen mantarların metanol ekstraktının, bu çalışmada incelenen tüm mikrooganizmalara karşı en etkili ekstrakt olduğu belirlendi. Farklı substratlar üzerinde yetiştirilen mantar ekstraktlarının antioksidan içerikleri arasında önemli farklılıklar (P<0.01) bulundu. P. ostreatus'tan elde edilen metanol ekstraktlarının toplam fenolik, FRAP ve DPPH tahlil içerikleri, sırasıyla 1.016 ile 4.772 mg GAE/g, 2.245 ile 8.902 μmol FeSO4.7H2O/g, 4.650 ile 22.922 mg/mL arasında değişmiştir. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları, substrat içeriğinin, P. ostreatus'un antioksidan özelliklerini ve antimikrobiyal aktivitelerini etkilediğini ortaya koydu. Ayrıca çay atığı substrata eklendiğinde antimikrobiyal aktivite üzerinde olumlu bir etkiye sahip olduğu gözlenmiştir

Desquamative interstitial pneumonia: Risk factors, laboratory and bronchoalveolar lavage findings, radiological and histopathological examination, clinical features, treatment and prognosis

Desquamative interstitial pneumonia is a type of smoking-associated major idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, which is characterized by accumulation of alveolar macrophages in alveolar lumens and septa and develops secondary to mainly active or passive exposure to cigarette smoke. Desquamative interstitial pneumonia mostly occurs in male smokers in association with non-specific symptoms responsive to steroid therapy and has a better prognosis than usual interstitial pneumonia. To date, no large-scale clinical studies have been performed on desquamative interstitial pneumonia patients. Factors responsible for the scarcity of data on the clinical course of this condition include the retrospective nature of the available information as well as its rare occurrence. Despite this, a general consensus exists as to the nature of its symptoms, association with smoking, age and gender distribution, findings of respiratory function tests, steroid responsivity and mortality. The objective of the present review article was to report on desquamative interstitial pneumonia and to describe its etiology, risk factors and clinical features, as well as the laboratory, bronchoalveolar lavage, radiological and histopathological findings, and the treatment and prognosis of affected patients

Characteristics of hospitalised COVID-19 patients and parameters associated with severe pneumonia

Background: After the first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was reported in China in December 2019, it caused a global pandemic, including Turkey. Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of hospitalised COVID-19 patients and assess the parameters related to severe pneumonia. Methods: Included in the study were hospitalised COVID-19 patients with positive naso-oropharyngeal swabs. Patients’ demographics, admission symptoms, laboratory and radiological findings were recorded retrospectively. Results: Of 1013 patients, 583 were males (57.6%) and 430 were females (42.4%), with a mean age of 53.7 ± 17.9. More than half of the patients had at least one comorbidities, the most common of which were hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Cough (59.8%), fatigue (49.5%) and fever (41.2%) were the most common presenting symptoms. Of the hospitalised COVID-19 patients, 84.9% had pneumonia and 83.5% had typical radiological COVID-19 appearances (94.5%: ground-glass areas). The most common laboratory findings were high C-reactive protein (CRP) (73.6%) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (46.2%) levels, as well as lymphopenia (30.1%). Severe pneumonia was present in 28.1% of COVID-19 patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that advanced age, hypotension, anaemia and elevated CRP and LDH serum levels were independent risk factors for the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia (P = .011, .006, .017, .003 and .001, respectively). Conclusion: This study, as one of the first multicentre studies about characteristics of COVID-19 in Turkey, may guide about disease-related parameters and severity of pneumonia. Age, blood pressure, complete blood count and routine biochemical tests (including CRP and LDH) would appear to be important parameters for the evaluation of the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia

Influenza and pneumonia vaccination rates and factors affecting vaccination among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Background: Influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations are recommended in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients to decrease associated risks at all stages. Although the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is high in our country, as previously reported, vaccination rates are low. Aims: To assess the vaccination rates of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients and factors that may affect these. Study Design: Multi-centre cross-sectional study. Methods: Patients admitted to the chest diseases clinics of six different centres between 1 February 2013 and 1 January 2014 with a pre-diagnosis of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease according to the Global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease criteria, who were in a stable condition were included in the study. The survey, which included demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, severity of disease and vaccination information, was first tested on a small patient population before the study. The survey was completed by the investigators after obtaining written informed consent. Results: The average age of the 296 included patients was 66.3 +/- 9.3 years and 91.9% were male. Of these, 36.5% had the influenza vaccination and 14.1% had the pneumococcal vaccination. The most common reason for not being vaccinated was 'no recommendation by doctors': 57.2% in the case of influenza vaccinations, and 46.8% in the case of pneumococcal vaccinations. Both vaccination rates were significantly higher in those patients with comorbidities (influenza vaccination p0.05). Vaccination rates were significantly higher in those with a white-collar occupation and higher education level, and who presented to a university hospital (p<0.001). Conclusion: Medical professionals do not request vaccinations as often as the International Guidelines suggest for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Awareness of the importance of these vaccinations among both doctors and patients needs to be addressed

Analysis of drying process of silica sand in vertical type fluid bed dryer

Kurutma veya dehidrasyon, mikrobiyal bozulmaların ve kimyasal reaksiyonların yavaşlatılması veya durdurulması amacıyla katı maddeden su gibi uçucu sıvının uzaklaştırılması işlemidir. Bu çalışmada dikey tip akışkan yataklı kurutucuda silis kumun kurutulmasında partikül boyutu, sıcaklık ve kek yüksekliği parametreleri değişimlerinin kurumaya olan etkisi deneysel, teorik ve analiz olarak incelenmiş ve kurutma parametrelerinin basınç düşüşüne olan etkisi belirtilmiştir. Silis kumun kurutulmasında minimum akışkanlaşma hızının tahmini için, deney ve literatürde var olan korelasyonların uyuşma durumu karşılaştırılıp sapmaları incelenmiştir. Silis kumunun kurutulmasının avantajı iyi akış karakteristiği sağlaması ve farklı katkı maddeleri ile daha iyi karışmasıdır. Günümüzde kum kurutma işlemleri çok farklı sistemlerle yapılmaktadır. Kullanılan dikey tip akışkan yataklı kurutucu 108 mm çapında, 151 mm ürün haznesi boyunda ve toplam yüksekliği 853 mm olan paslanmaz çelikten imal edilmiş bir kurutucudur. Deneylerde kullanılan silis kumunun ilk nem içeriği yaş baza göre %9,57 olarak belirlenmiştir. Kurutma deneyinde kuruma prosesine etki eden faktörlerden; sıcaklık, kek yüksekliği ve partikül boyutu parametreleri 3'er farklı değerde incelenmiştir. Tüm deney sonuçları karşılaştırıldığında silis kum numunesinin kurutma sıcaklığının artışıyla nem kaybının hızlandığı, yatak yüksekliğindeki artışın basınç düşümünü de arttırdığı gözlemlenmiştir. Minimum akışkanlaştırma hızının parçacık boyutuyla doğrudan ve sıcaklıkla ters orantılı olarak değiştiği belirlenmiştir.Drying or dehydration is the process of removing volatile liquid, such as water, from solid material in order to slow or stop microbial spoilage and chemical reactions. In this study, the effect of particle size, temperature and cake height parameters changes on drying of silica sand in vertical type fluidized bed dryer was investigated experimentally, theoretically and analytically, and the effect of drying parameters on pressure drop was stated. For the estimation of the minimum fluidization rate in the drying of silica sand, the correlations existing in the experiment and the literature were compared and their deviations were examined. The advantage of drying silica sand is that it provides good flow characteristics and better mixing with different additives. Today, sand drying processes are carried out with very different systems. The vertical type fluidized bed dryer used is a stainless steel dryer with a diameter of 108 mm, a product chamber length of 151 mm and a total height of 853 mm. The initial moisture content of the silica sand used in the experiments was determined as % 9.57 according to the wet base. Among the factors affecting the drying process in the drying experiment; temperature, cake height and particle size parameters were examined at 3 different values. When all the test results were compared, it was observed that the moisture loss accelerated with the increase in the drying temperature of the silica sand sample, and the pressure drop increased with the increase in the bed height. It was determined that the minimum fluidization rate varies directly with the particle size and inversely with the temperature

Time as narrative element in Zülfü Livaneli's novels

Edebî eserlerin estetik değerini belirlemeye yönelik olan zaman kurgusu, eserin biçim ve muhteva bakımından anlam katmanlarını zenginleştirir. Belirli süreçlere göre, olayların zamanını ve anlatım içindeki dizilişini gösteren zaman, olay örgüsü düzleminin aydınlatılmasına katkı sağlayarak metindeki duygu ve düşünce dünyasına yönelik oluşumları sergiler. Bu bağlamda Zülfü Livaneli'nin romanlarını, bir anlatım unsuru olarak zaman bakımından çözümlemeyi amaçlayan bu çalışmada, zamanın belirleyiciliği ölçüsünde, seçilen odak noktası metinler ayrıntılı olarak incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda zaman unsurunun romanlar üzerindeki etkilerini göz önüne koymak amaçlanmıştır. Bu tezin giriş kısmında çalışmanın konusu, amacı ve yöntemi hakkında bilgi verilmiş; tezin bölümlerine dair açıklamalar yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın birinci bölümünde, yazarın, romancı kimliğinin alt yapısını oluşturan süreç ele alınmış; genel olarak edebiyat eserleri hakkında bilgi verilmiş ve yazarın romancı yönü üzerinde durulmuştur. Çalışmanın ikinci bölümünde, tahkiyeli eserlerde zaman algısının tarihsel süreci takip edilmiş; bu eserlerdeki kullanım işlevi yansıtılmıştır. Bu bölümde, zaman kategorisinin alt başlıklarında kullanılan terminolojinin, adlandırma bakımından belirli bir uyumdan yoksunluğuna işaret edilmiş, çeşitli inceleme eserlerinden hareketle, bu farklı kullanımla ilgili örnekler sunulmuştur. Çalışmanın üçüncü bölümü, romanların incelenmesine ayrılmıştır. Zaman kavramı; olay zamanı, anlatma zamanı, zamanda ritmi sağlayan özet, tasvir, eksilti, sahne kullanımı, sosyal zaman ve yazarın eseri yazdığı zaman hakkında bilgi varsa yazma zamanı kategorilerinden yola çıkılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç bölümünde, yazarın zamana yaklaşımı ortaya konulmuş; elde edilen bulgular ışığında, zamanın akışının, hem kişisel ve toplumsal değişimin manzarasını gösteren bir nitelik kazandığı hem de kişisel, toplumsal zaman algısının ön plana taşındığı düşüncesi dile getirilerek zaman unsurunun kullanımına yönelik yürütülen tartışma, genel bir değerlendirmeye bağlanmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: roman, zaman, olay, tema, Zülfü Livaneli.Time setting which is for determining aesthetic value of literary works, enriches meaning layers of the work in terms of style and content. Time which shows time of the events and their sequence taking place in the narration according to certain processes, demonstrates formations in the text regarding the world of emotions and thoughts by making contribution to enlightenment of the plot. In this regard, texts which are focused, are analyzed elaborately to the extent of decisiveness of the time in this study which aims to analyze Zülfü Livaneli's novels in terms of time as a narrative element. As a result of the study, it is aimed to reveal effects of time element on the novels. In the introduction part of this thesis, information regarding the subject, purpose and method of the study was provided along with remarks regarding to the chapters of the thesis. In the first chapter of the study, the process creating a basis for the author's novelist identity is discussed; a general information is given about his literary works and author's novelist side is emphasized. In the second chapter of the study, historical process of time perception in narrated works is followed, and usage function in such works is reflected. In this chapter, it is pointed out that terminology used in the sub-headings of the time category is lack of a certain harmony in terms of naming and examples relating to this different usage are given with reference to various analysis works. The third chapter of the study is for the analysis of the novels. The concept of time is evaluated based on the event time, narration time, and abstract, description, ellipsis, use of stage, social time enabling the rhythm in time, along with the time of writing, if there is any information about the time when the author wrote the work. In the conclusion chapter, the author's approach to time is revealed, and in the light of the findings obtained, the discussion made regarding the use of time element is concluded through a general evaluation made by mentioning the following ideas; the course of time has a feature of showing the view of personal and communal change and personal and communal time perceptions are taken forefront. Key Words: Novel, time, event, theme, Zülfü Livaneli

Akciğer dışı tüberküloz Kocaeli Verem Savaş Dispanseri'nde takip edilen 331 olgunun retrospektif incilenmesi

INTRODUCTION: We aimed to evaluate the demographics, localisation, diagnostic methods and treatment outcome of patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis treated between 2005 and 2011 in Kocaeli Tuberculosis Dispansary, Turkey. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed medical charts of patients. We excluded patients who transferred to the other dispanseria or those medical records couldn’t be obtained. RESULTS: A total of 331 extrapulmonary tuberculosis patients (52% female, 48% male ) with a mean age of 39,2 (±17,6) years were registered for treatment. Sites of extrapulmonary tuberculosis were lymph node in 119 (36%) patients, pleural in 112 (33,9%), bone and joint in 31 (9.4%), genital in 17 (5,1%), gastrointestinal in 15 (4.5%), skin in 9 (2.7%), urinary in 8 (2,4%), miliary in 6 (1.8%), central neural system in 6 (1.8%), pericardial in 6 (1,8%) breast in 2 (%0,6) and larynx in 1 (0,3%) patients. Pleural tuberculosis were common in male and young age, lymph node tuberculosis were common in female. Histopathological methods in 228 (68,9%), microbiological methods in 17 patients, both microbiological and histopathological methods in 4 patients (1,2%) and clinical, radiological and other methods were used in 82 (24,8%) patients for diagnosis. 311 patients (94%) had a successful treatment outcome. Of patients with unsuccessful outcome, 12 (3.6%) had defaulted, 8 (2.4%) had died. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Altough tuberculosis can disseminate all tissues, lymph node and pleura are the most common sites of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Fight with tuberculosis is continued in tuberculosis and objective diagnostic methods were common methods in diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis

ExtrapulmonaryTuberculosis:ARetrospectiveReviewof 331CasesatKocaeliTuberculosisDispansary

GİRİŞ ve AMAÇ: Kocaeli Verem Savaş Dispanseri'nde 2005-2011 yılları arasında takip edilen akciğer dışı tüberküloz tanılı olgularını demografik özellikleri, tutulum yeri, kullanılan tanı yöntemleri ve tedavi sonuçları açısından değerlendirmeyi amaçladık. YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Retrospektif kohort çalışmamızda 2005-2011 yılları arasında Kocaeli Verem Savaş Dispanseri'nde takip edilen akciğer dışı tüberküloz tanılı hastaların dosyaları incelendi. Başka bölgeye nakil olan, dosyalarına ulaşılamayan hastalar çalışmaya alınmadı. BULGULAR: Hastaların 172'si kadın (%52), 159 'si erkek (%48) idi. Hastaların yaş ortalaması 39,2 (±17,6) yıl olup %10,3'ü 20 yaş altı, %48,3'i 20-40 yaş aralığında, %23'sı 40-60 aralığında ve % 17,8'i 60 yaş üzeri idi. Akciğer dışı tutulum yeri değerlendirildiğinde en sık yerleşimin 119 hastada (%36) lenf nodu olduğu saptandı. 112 hastada (%33,9) plevra tüberkülozu, 31 hastada kemik-eklem tüberkülozu (%9,4), 17 hastada genital tüberküloz (%5,1), 15 hastada gastrointestinal sistem (GİS)-periton tüberkülozu (%4,5), 9 hastada deri tüberkülozu (%2,7), 8 hastada üriner sistem tüberküloz (%2,4), 6 olguda merkezi sinir sistemi tüberkülozu (%1,8), 6 olguda perikard tüberkülozu (%1,8), 5 olguda milier tüberküloz (%1,5), 2 olguda meme tüberkülozu (%0,6) ve 1 olguda (% 0,3) larinks tüberkülozu izlendi. Plevral tüberkülozun daha çok erkeklerde ve erken yaşta, lenf tüberkülozunun ise kadınlarda daha sık izlendiği görüldü. Tanı, 228 hastada (%68,9) histopatolojik, 17 hastada (%5,1) mikrobiyolojik olarak ve 4 hastada (%1,2) hem mikrobiyoloik hem de histopatolojik yöntemle, 82 hastada (%24,8) bu yöntemler dışında klinik, radyolojik ve diğer ek tetkikler ile konulduğu görüldü. Hastaların tedavi sonuçları değerlendirildiğinde 311 hastada (%94) tedavi tamamlama veya kür, 12 hastada (%3,6) tedavi terki, 8 hastada (%2,4) ölüm izlendi. TARTIŞMA ve SONUÇ: Lenf nodu ve plevral tüberküloz bölgemizde en sık akciğer dışı tüberküloz şekilleridir. Bölgemizde verem savaşı etkin biçimde sürdürülmekte, tanı koymanın zor olduğu akciğer dışı tüberküloz tanıları artan sıklıkla objektif tanı yöntemleri ile konulmaktadır.esindeki Down sendromlu hastalarda doğumsal kalp hastalığı sıklığı ve atriyoventriküler septal defekt oranı literatürle uyumlu bulunmuşturINTRODUCTION: We aimed to evaluate the demographics, localisation, diagnostic methods and treatment outcome of patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis treated between 2005 and 2011 in Kocaeli Tuberculosis Dispansary, Turkey. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed medical charts of patients. We excluded patients who transferred to the other dispanseria or those medical records couldn’t be obtained. RESULTS: A total of 331 extrapulmonary tuberculosis patients (52% female, 48% male ) with a mean age of 39,2 (±17,6) years were registered for treatment. Sites of extrapulmonary tuberculosis were lymph node in 119 (36%) patients, pleural in 112 (33,9%), bone and joint in 31 (9.4%), genital in 17 (5,1%), gastrointestinal in 15 (4.5%), skin in 9 (2.7%), urinary in 8 (2,4%), miliary in 6 (1.8%), central neural system in 6 (1.8%), pericardial in 6 (1,8%) breast in 2 (%0,6) and larynx in 1 (0,3%) patients. Pleural tuberculosis were common in male and young age, lymph node tuberculosis were common in female. Histopathological methods in 228 (68,9%), microbiological methods in 17 patients, both microbiological and histopathological methods in 4 patients (1,2%) and clinical, radiological and other methods were used in 82 (24,8%) patients for diagnosis. 311 patients (94%) had a successful treatment outcome. Of patients with unsuccessful outcome, 12 (3.6%) had defaulted, 8 (2.4%) had died. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Altough tuberculosis can disseminate all tissues, lymph node and pleura are the most common sites of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Fight with tuberculosis is continued in tuberculosis and objective diagnostic methods were common methods in diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosi

Pnömonektomili Bir Hemodiyaliz Hastasında Arteriyovenöz Fistül Açılması Sonrasında Gelişen Akut Akciğer Ödemi

Arteriovenous fistula is a preferred approach to obtain vascular access in chronic hemodialysis patients. Arteriovenous fistula has some effects on cardiac and pulmonary systems. High output heart failure is a rare but an important complication of arteriovenous fistula. We report here a case of acute pulmonary arteriovenous fistula in a hemodialysis edema after creatin

Features of patients newly diagnosed pulmonary embolism during COVID pneumonia

[No Abstract Available