genetic structuring and differentiation of echinococcus multilocularis in slovakia assessed by sequencing and isoenzyme studies

AbstractNucleotide sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) gene and isoenzyme analysis were used to survey the genetic variability in Echinococcus multilocularis populations from Slovakia. A sample of 12 isolates acquired from 10 different districts from red foxes exhibited identical sequences. Compared with the previously described E. multilocularis variants, one base substitution was consistently observed relative to the M1 variant (detected in China, Alaska, North America, Japan) and three base substitutions were recorded relative to the M2 variant (detected in Germany) in the CO1 fragment. These data, along with the recently gathered data from French isolates, are indicative of a genetically unique population occurring in Central and Western Europe. Electrophoretic examination of enzymes produced by 14 gene loci revealed intraspecific polymorphism only with the glucose-phosphate isomerase (two distinct patterns) and the mannosephosphate isomerase (four genotypes composed of three alleles) enzyme systems. To allow a fast species differentiation of E. multilocularis and E. granulosus (specifically, the G7 genotype occurring in Slovakia), discriminative electrophoretic characters between the species were obtained by isoenzyme analysis. Fixed genetic differences between the species were detected in the glucose-phosphate isomerase, esterase and aldolase systems, and partial differences were detected in four additional systems

Factors associated with Toxoplasma gondii infection in confined farrow-to-finish pig herds in western France: an exploratory study in 60 herds

Background: Infection by Toxoplasma gondii postnatally can occur after ingestion of contaminated meat or water (tissue cysts/oocysts). In Europe, percentage of meat borne infections is estimated between 30 and 63 %, out of which pork makes the most important source. The aim of this study was to (i) investigate the seroprevalence of T. gondii in intensive pig farms from western France; and (ii) identify the risk factors associated with seropositivity. Methods: Data were collected between November 2006 and February 2008 in 60 intensive farrow-to-finish farms, where sera were taken from 3595 fattening pigs, weaned and suckling piglets. Information about three classes of potential seropositivity risk factors were obtained through a questionnaire concerning: (i) breeding characteristics; (ii) farm management; and (iii) husbandry and hygiene. The modified agglutination test (MAT) was used for detection of specific anti T. gondii antibodies in pig sera, starting from 1/6 dilution. Results: The overall proportion of seropositive animals was 6.9 %, but the proportion of herds with at least one positive pig was 100 %. Multivariate logistic mixed model showed an increased seropositivity risk in weaned compared to suckling piglets, and a decreasing risk for mid-sized and large farms. The presence of a Danish entry facility, that clearly separates clean and dirty areas, had a protective effect on T. gondii seropositivity as well. Conclusions: The observed proportion of herds with at least one T. gondii seropositive animal provides further evidence that even in confined conditions of pig breeding, infection occurs, and is common. The highest risk for acquiring T. gondii is at the end of weaning period. Smaller confined pig farms demonstrate higher T. gondii seropositivity levels. This study also showed that Danish entry on farm buildings provides effective protection against T. gondii

Význam vitaminů ve výživě velbloudovitých

Turčeková, R. The efect of the vitamins in camelids diet. Bachelor thesis. Brno, 2017. The main goal of this thesis is to describe, on the basis of a literary review, the zoological classification and morfological and physiological traits of camelids with a focus on the metabolism of vitamins. Because of a number of physiological adaptations for living in their natural environment it is necessary to provide a higher dose of some vitamins (mainly vitamin D) while keeping camelids in different climate conditions. This thesis subsequently presents all basic vitamins soluble in water and in fat, describes their physiological functions and health issues related to their lack or redundance. Circumscribed specifics of the vitamin metabolism of camelids show a need of knowledge and respect of physiological traits and coherent nutrition needs of species bred out of the region of their natural presence

Change of the legal form of a limited liability company to a joint-stock company from the legal, accounting and tax point of view

Import 07/12/2006Prezenční119 - Katedra práv

Caracterización de la agricultura y desarrollo rural de Eslovaquia

The agricultural sector is an important source of economic resources for the Slovak Republic. In 2014, the contribution of the value added generated, in the primary sector, to their domestic production was 4.4% and people who lived in rural areas as percentage of the total population was 46% that year. The objective was to make a characterization of the agriculture and rural development of the Slovak Republic (1993-2014). Methodology. The economic indicators used by the World Bank in the section on agriculture and rural development were used for the characterization. Results. In the analyzed period, the value added by Slovakian worker to farming, fertilizer use and yields in cereal production were increasing over time trend; lands for agriculture, irrigated areas, the use of tractors, agricultural production, animal production and food production were decreasing over time trend. The rural population of Slovakia increased over time. The total population employed in agricultural activities was 4% in 2014. Limitations. Topics such as participation of young people in agricultural activities, migration, educational level in rural areas and actions being taken to protect the environment were lacking. Conclusions. The contribution of added value generated by Slovak agriculture will continue declining, but the added value per Slovak worker to agricultural activity will increase. The rural population will continue having a marginal rising trend and the population engaged in agricultural activities will continue declining over time. El sector agrícola es fuente importante de recursos para la República Eslovaca. En el año 2014, la contribución de valor agregado, generado por el sector primario, a su producción nacional fue de 4.4%; en ese año un 46% de su población total vivía en zonas rurales. El objetivo fue hacer una caracterización de la agricultura y desarrollo rural de la República Eslovaca (1993-2014). Metodología. Para la caracterización se utilizaron los indicadores económicos señalados por el Banco Mundial en el apartado de agricultura y desarrollo rural. Resultados. En el periodo analizado, el valor añadido por trabajador eslovaco a la actividad agrícola, el uso de fertilizante y el rendimiento en la producción de cereales tuvieron tendencias crecientes a lo largo del tiempo; mientras que las tierras destinada a la agricultura, las superficie irrigadas, el uso de tractores, la producción agrícola, la producción animal y la producción de alimentos disminuyeron. La población rural se ha incrementado a lo largo del tiempo. En el año 2014, el 4% de la población total de Eslovaquia se empleó en actividades agrícolas. Limitaciones. Faltó incluir temas como la participación de jóvenes en las actividades agrícolas, migración, nivel educativo en zonas rurales y las acciones que se están realizando para la protección del medio ambiente. Conclusiones. La contribución del valor agregado generado por la agricultura de Eslovaquia continuará disminuyendo, sin embargo el valor añadido por trabajador Eslovaco a la actividad agrícola aumentará. La población rural seguirá teniendo una tendencia marginal creciente y la población dedicada a las actividades agrícolas continuará disminuyendo a lo largo del tiempo

Sustainability of the Slovak Spirits Industry in the Single Market of the EU

Despite a decreased share of gross domestic product, the role of a country’s food and beverage industry cannot be underestimated. Food security should be a crucial part of national policy in every country because, during critical situations, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, it plays a key role in the protection of a country’s citizens. The food industry also plays a key role in employment and the sustainable development of all countries. We investigated the latest trends and focused on one specific branch of the food industry. Although the spirits industry does not have a major market share in the food industry, it is one of the branches with the highest added value, and it produces commodities with high export potential. This branch of the food industry in the Slovak Republic has a long tradition. Our primary aim was to examine the competitiveness of this sector in a single market of the EU as a key element of its sustainable development. The results obtained for the revealed comparative advantage suggest that there was a downturn in the number of competitive branches in the Slovak spirits industry during the study period of 2004–2018. Despite this negative trend, the remaining competitive branches of the Slovak spirits industry represent the majority of exports