Determination of the Nutritional Habits and Anxiety Levels in Individuals with COVID-19 in Turkey

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has spread worldwide since December 2019, has infected and claimed the lives of millions of people. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between anxiety levels and nutritional habits of patients with COVID-19. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled patients diagnosed with COVID-19 between February 1, 2021 and May 1, 2021. The study population included a total of 108 individuals with COVID-19 residing in Artvin, Turkey. This study used a self-administered online questionnaire, containing 40 questions from the State and Trait Anxiety Scale. Results: The state anxiety score was 37.26, and the trait anxiety score was 39.98. A strong, positive, and significant relationship was found between the state and trait anxiety levels of the participants (r = 0.588; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Many individuals who recovered from COVID-19 still suffer and struggle with the residual symptoms of COVID-19 for several months. Symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, pain, and malnutrition may occur even after recovery

Association between cigarette smoking and breast milk levels of nesfatin-1, irisin, and oxidative stress markers

Background: Breast milk is a very important functional food in the prevention of metabolic and chronic diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effects of smoking during pregnancy on the concentrations of nesfatin-1, irisin, and oxidative stress markers in breast milk. Methods: This study included two groups of 14 smoking and 14 nonsmoking mothers. Malondialdehyde (MDA) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured according to the spectrophotometric method in breast milk samples. Nesfatin and irisin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Levels of nesfatin-1 and MDA of the smoking group were significantly higher than those in the control group (p 0.050). Conclusions: Cigarette smoking increases MDA level and decreases SOD activity in breast milk. Nesfatin-1 levels would increase in accordance with increased oxidative stress, and nesfatin-1 acts as a protective mechanism to limit oxidative damage

The effects of dietary flavonoid supplementation on the antioxidant status of laying hens

Department of Science Research Project at Artvin Coruh UniversityNinety-six 28-week-old Lohmann White laying hens were utilized to test the antioxidant effects of flavonoids (hesperidin, naringin, and quercetin at 0.5 g/kg diet) during an 8-wk experimental period. At the end of the experiment blood samples were collected to determine total protein, cholesterol, and malondialdehyde (MDA) serum levels as well as activities of glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and level of glutathione (GSH) in erythrocyte lysates. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Naringin supplementation did not alter serum cholesterol concentration, whereas hesperidin and quercetin supplementations decreased serum cholesterol concentration. Naringin and quercetin supplementations did not affect serum protein concentration. All flavonoids decreased MDA concentration as well as increased GSH-Px, GR, GST, and SOD activities and GSH level, being quercetion superior to hesperidin and naringin. In conclusion, flavonoids, especially quercetin, exert antioxidant activity, which may help improve wellbeing when laying hens are exposed to stressors

Histopathological findings and apoptosis caused by E. coli in layer birds

In this study, our aim was to evaluate lesions seen in the tissues in terms of histopathology and to investigate the apoptotic cells seen in the tissues when E. coli outbreak occurred in a poultry farm. A total of 48 Lohmann White strains (53 weeks old) were submitted to the laboratory for necropsy. Microbiologic and histopathologic examinations were done on the samples taken from tissues. Apoptotic cells were determined in all of the tissues. The number of apoptotic cells increased as the tissue damage increased

The effect of humic acid substances on the thyroid function and structure in lead poisoning

Lead (Pb) is a heavy metal, which adversely affects thyroid gland function and structure. Due to its high molecular weight and abundant functional groups, humic acid substances (HAS) can form chelates with heavy metals. The experiment was conducted to evaluate the prophylactic effect of HAS on thyroid hormone levels and histopathological lesions of laying hens exposed to lead (Pb) poisoning. After a week of adaptation, 192 Lohmann White laying hens (25 weeks of age) were fed one of four diets: a basal diet (BD) or the BD with HAS (0.15%), with Pb (0.3 g/kg), or with both. Experimental groups were replicated in 12 cages, with four hens each. Pb poisoning did not alter triiodothyronine (FT3; 3.22 ± 0.20 ng/dL) or thyroxine (FT4; 0.71 ± 0.08 ng/dL) concentrations, but caused a 167% increase in thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration. HAS supplementation returned the high TSH levels of hens exposed to Pb poisoning to normal values. Degenerative changes in the epithelial cells of the thyroid gland of the hens exposed to Pb poisoning were evidenced. Connective tissue cells in the interfollicular area and total amount of colloids with partially atrophic follicles were observed. These histopathological findings were less severe when HAS was added to the diet. In conclusion, HAS alleviates the effects of Pb poisoning on thyroid gland function and structure, possibly preventing its internalization by the tissue by forming chelates and exerting anti-inflammatory effects

The effect of sulforaphane on oxidative stress and inflammation in rats with toxic hepatitis induced by acetaminophene

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to reveal the possible effect of sulforaphane on oxidative stress and inflammation in rats liver with toxic hepatitis induced by acetaminophene. BACKGROUND: Sulforaphane is a compound with high antioxidant properties. Acetaminophen, which is a para-aminophenol derivative, can lead to fatal hepatic necrosis with direct hepatotoxic effects at high doses. METHODS: Thirty six male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups. Control group (n = 9) was fed with standard rat chow and water for 3 days. Group APAP (n = 9) received a single dose acetaminophen 1 g/kg by oral gavage in addition to standard chow and water. Group SFN (n = 9) received sulforaphane 500 mu g/kg by oral gavage in addition to standard chow and water for 3 days. Group APAP+SFN (n = 9) received sulforaphane 500 mu g/kg and a single dose acetaminophen 1 g/kg by oral gavage in addition to standard chow and water. Acetaminophen was administered three hours after SFN administration. RESULTS: Neopterin, MDA, AST, ALT and CRP levels of group APAP were significantly increased compared to control group. GSH level of group APAP was significantly lower than in the control group. CONCLUSION: Sulforaphane is a protective agent against acetaminophen-induced liver damage and it can be added in the treatment protocol (Tab. 1, Fig. 5, Ref. 51). Text in PDF www.elis.sk

The effect of white tea on serum TNF-α/NF-κB and immunohistochemical parameters in cisplatin-related renal dysfunction in female rats

The study was funded by a grant from the scientific research foundation of Recep Tayyip Erdogan University .Objective: Nephrotoxicity is the most important side effect of the antineoplastic drug cisplatin, thereby restricting its use. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of white tea infusions (WT) against renal damage induced by cisplatin (CP) in rats by biochemical and histopathological means. Materials and methods: This study used 24 female Sprague Dawley rats at 12–14 weeks of age and weighing 250–300 g. Rats were divided into three groups: Control, CP and CP + WT groups. CP was injected 7 mg/kg i.p as a single dose/rat in the CP group. White tea was given at a dose of 0.5% (w/v) for 4 weeks. At the end of the experiment, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, uric acid, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) along with caspase-3 in the kidney were evaluated in study. Results: BUN, creatinine, TNF-α NF-κB and IL-6 levels of the CP group showed a statisically significant increase in comparison to the control group. TNF-α NF-κB and IL-6 levels showed a statistically significant decrease in the CP + WT group with respect to the CP group. Caspase-3 levels in tubular epithelial cells decreased in CP + WT group compared with CP group (p = 0.02). Conclusion: White tea infusions reduced significantly the nephrotoxicity of CP. The anti-nephrotoxic feature of the infusion may be attributed primarily to its anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic characteristics

Effects of oleanolic acid administration on renal NF-κB/IL-18/IL-6 and YKL-40/KIM-1 pathways in experimental diabetic rats

Objective(s): Neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy, known as the triopathy of diabetes, are the consequences of microvascular complications of diabetes. The present study aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of oleanolic acid (OA) administration against diabetic nephropathy considering biochemical and histopathological parameters.Materials and Methods: The rats with fasting blood glucose levels of 200 mg/dl and above were considered diabetic after induction of diabetes via injecting STZ. The other half of the rats were not injected with STZ (healthy rats). Both healthy and diabetic rats were then divided randomly into two subgroups to be administered with either OA (5 mg/kg) with 1 ml tap water by oral gavage or 1 ml tap water in the same route for 21 days. Serum urea-N, Ca, P, and Mg as well as renal tissue MDA, SOD, NF-κB, IL-6, IL-18, AMPK, YKL-40, and KIM-1 levels were measured.Results: OA administration partially decreased levels of serum urea-N and P, as well as levels of renal tissue MDA and inflammation markers (NF-κB, IL-6, IL-18, YKL-40, and KIM-1) in the diabetic rats. It also partially increased serum Ca and renal tissue AMPK levels in diabetic rats. These positive effects were also seen in renal tissue histopathology.Conclusion: OA treatment partially alleviated renal damage inflammatory and oxidative profiles in diabetic rats

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P &lt; 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

Derveze tefsirinde sîret-nüzûl ilişkisi

Muhammed İzzet Derveze (1888-1984) Osmanlı’nın son dönemlerinde yaşamış bir âlimdir. Yaşadığı dönemin siyasî olarak çalkantılı olması nedeniyle siyasette fiilen yer almış ve altmışlı yaşlarında siyaseti bırakarak ilim dünyasına adım atmıştır. Derveze; yaklaşık olarak elli kadar eser telif etmiştir. Bunların arasında İslamî, tarihî ve siyasî birçok alanda eser bulunmaktadır. Bunlardan biri de, müfessirin Türkiye’de iken İstanbul ve Bursa kütüphanelerinden faydalanarak yazdığı on iki ciltten oluşan et-Tefsîru’l-Hadîs isimli eseridir. Müfessir bu çalışmasında bir ilki gerçekleştirmiş ve Kur’ân-ı Kerim’i mushaf sırasına göre değil, nüzûl sırasına göre ve dış bağlamı dikkate alarak yorumlamaya çalışmıştır. Derveze’nin böyle bir tefsir yazmaya ihtiyaç duymasının nedeni, geleneksel yöntemlerin nüzûl zamanından gitgide uzaklaşan insanların sorularına, sorunlarına ve ihtiyaçlarına cevap vermediğini görmesidir. Daha önce de siyer ve Kur’ân üzerine farklı çalışmalar kaleme almış, bu çalışmaların ardından Kur’ân’ın genel ilkelerini ve konularını ele alan geniş kapsamlı bir tefsir yazmanın ihtiyaç olduğunu düşünmüştür. Tarih boyunca tefsirlerde siyer bilgileri kullanılmış olsa da, nüzûl sırasına göre ve tamamen siyer bilgileriyle mündemiç olmuş bir Kur’ân yorumu ilk kez Derveze tarafından yapılmıştır. Eser, kendisinden sonraki çalışmaları da etkilemiştir. Biz et-Tefsîru’l-Hadîs eserini sîret-nüzûl ilişkisi açısından ele alacak ve hem Derveze tefsirini hem de Kur’ân’ı sîret-nüzûl ilişkisini dikkate alarak yorumlayan ve bu konuda kaleme alınan diğer çalışmalardan da istifade ederek, bu yöntemin bize ne söylediğini ve amacına ulaşıp ulaşmadığını tespit etmeye gayret edeceğiz.--------------------Muhammed Izzet Derveze (1988-1984) was a scholar who lived in the late Ottoman period. His period was politically complicated and he was interested in politics. He quit politics when he was about sixty years old and started to engage in science. Derveze has written about fifty works, including many Islamic, historical and political works. While he was in Turkey, benefited from libraries in Istanbul and Bursa and wrote at-Tafsiru’l-Hadith that consists of twelve volumes. In this tafsir, mufessir realized a first and tried to interpret the Holy Quran according to the order of revelation and taking into consideration the context. Derveze needed to write such an exegesis, because traditional methods do not answer the questions, problems and needs of new people. He has previously written different works on the life of the Prophet Muhammad and the Qur'an. After these works, he thought it was necessary to write a comprehensive tafsir that would be written in a new order that deals with the general principles and subjects of the Qur'an. Derveze thought that the method would be very important and effective for modern people in this tafsir organized according to nuzul. In this tafsir, he interpreted the surahs in order of nuzul, used the sirah as an important data, approached the Qur'an as a holistic approach and tried to determine the main and universal principles of the Qur'an. However for the first time Derveze made a Qur'anic interpretation, in order of nuzul and fully integrated with the knowledge of the sirah. With this innovation, Derveze introduced a new method of tafsir and influenced the subsequent works. We will especially deal with the work of at-Tafsiru’l-Hadith in terms of the relationship between sirah and nuzul. We will benefit from Derveze’s tafsir and other studies that talk about the relationship between sirah and nuzul. We will endeavor to determine what this method tells us and whether it has achieved its purpose