Comparative Analysis of Two Neighboring Basins Using Strahler Method: Mihli and Şahin Creeks

DergiPark: 326498trakyasobedIn this study, Mıhlı and Şahin creeks, two neighboring basins that are located in the southern part of Kazdağ massif, are investigated with special emphasis to numerically defined hydrographic features. Quantitative calculations of topographical elements in the basins were carried out by using topographical maps with scale of 1:25000. Morphometric features of the two basins, such as drainage type, stream length and profile, bed gradient, bifurcation rate, drainage density and frequency were compared on the basis of digitally performed calculations on ArcGIS Desktop software. Our results show that the basins have similar drainage and topographical features with regard to that they are found under identical geomorphologic processes.Bu çalışmada; Kazdağ kütlesinin güney yamacına yerleşmiş, Mıhlı ve Şahin dereleri gibi komşu iki akarsu havzasının hidrografik özellikleri değerlendirilmiştir. Akarsular ve havzalarına ait hesaplama ve analizler, 1:25000 ölçekli topografya haritaları esas alınarak yapılmıştır. Söz konusu havzalar; drenaj tipi, akarsu uzunlukları ve boyuna profili, yatak eğim değerleri, çatallanma oranı, drenaj yoğunluğu ve sıklığı gibi ölçütler kullanılarak karşılaştırılmıştır. Araştırmaya konu olan akarsu havzalarına ait veritabanları, ArcGIS Desktop programı kullanılarak ekran sayısallaştırması yöntemiyle oluşturulmuştur. Veritabanlarının analizi sonucunda, bu komşu iki akarsu havzasının, benzer drenaj özelliklerine sahip, aynı jeomorfolojik etken ve süreçlerden etkilenerek gelişmiş birer genç havza oldukları anlaşılmıştı

Geographical information systems based ecological risk analysis of metal accumulation in sediments of İkizcetepeler Dam Lake (Turkey)

This study analyzed the spatial distribution, potential ecological risks and possible sources of metal concentrations, organic carbon, chlorophyll degradation products and CaCO3 content from surface sediment samples in İkizcetepeler Dam Lake using ecological-toxicological indices, multivariate statistical analysis, and geographical information systems (GIS) software. One core sample and 32 surface sediments were taken from the Dam Lake, while seven lithologic samples were taken from various points in the basin. To identify anthropogenic influences in the Dam Lake from the before dam was constructed period to the present day, the enrichment factor (EF), contamination factor (CF), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), toxic risk index (TRI) and pollution load index (PLI) indices were calculated based on lithologic background values. Modified ecological risk (mER) and modified potential ecological risk (mPER) were calculated separately according to core sample and lithologic background values. Therefore, ecological risk during Anthropocene was determined using core sample values. Results pointed to significant enrichment of Ni (6.93), moderate enrichment of As (3.88), Cr (2.86), Mn (2.54), Hg (2.34), and Cd (2.04) and low level enrichment of Pb (1.20), Cu (1.15), Zn (1.08), and Fe (0.80). Ecological risk was listed as Hg (94) > Cd (61) > As (38) > Ni (35) > Cu (5.98) > Cr (5.72) > Pb (5.68) > Zn (1.07) according to lithologic background values and as Hg (59) > Cd (29) > As (9) > Ni (8) > Cu (7) > Pb (5) > Cr (2.97) > Zn (1.42) according to core background values. A significant level of ecological risk was determined for Hg (94), medium level ecological risk for Cd (61), and close to moderate level ecological risk for As (38) and Ni (35). The risk was low for all the other metals. According to the core sample background values, ecological risk was at the lowest limit of the most significant level for Hg (81), moderate for Cd (50) and low for other metals. Overall, this indicates a low (123) and moderate (201) potential ecological risk in İkizcetepeler Dam Lake based on core and lithologic background values, respectively. © 2020 Elsevier Lt

Spatial distribution, environmental risk assessment, and source identification of potentially toxic metals in Atikhisar dam, Turkey

The objective of this study was to determine the ecological risk created by metal contents of the surface sediments of Atikhisar dam, Çanakkale, NW Turkey. Enrichment factor (EF) and geoaccumulation index (Igeo) were calculated to determine anthropogenic effects. Ecological risk was assessed using the modified potential ecological risk index (mPER), with its levels being evaluated using the modified ecological risk index (mER). Toxic effects were determined using the toxic risk index (TRI). The ecological risk indices were mapped to provide their spatial distributions. Our findings indicate that enrichment was very high for Hg and significant for Pb, Tl, Cd, and As. The following mER pattern was detected: Hg > Cd > TI > As > Pb > Ni > Cr > Co > Zn > Mn > V. Hg and Cd exhibited extremely high and very high ecological risks, respectively, while TI and As had a significant ecological risk, with Pb exerting a medium ecological risk. Hg, Pb, Tl, Cd, As, Cr, Ni, Zn, and Cu were enriched via anthropogenic effects exceeding their natural concentration levels. Due to their high toxic effects, Hg, Cd, Tl, As, and Pb were identified as the very high risk elements. Mining, household wastes, agriculture, and natural mineral deposits were identified as the possible sources of the potential ecological risk. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

SOLDERE HAVZASININ JEOMORFOLOJİK ÖZELLİKLERİNE MORFOMETRİK YAKLAŞIM: JEOMORFİK İNDİSLER İLE BİR UYGULAMA

Soldere Havzasında drenaj kuruluşu ve gelişimi kaya direnci faktörü ve tektonik denetimlidir. Drenaj kuruluşunun ilk safhasında Kuzey Anadolu Fayı’nın Bursa-Ulubat kolu havzanın açıldığıplatonun güneye doğru çarpılmasına yol açmışve bu çarpılmıştopografya üzerinde eğime konsekant ilk drenaj kuruluşu gerçekleşmiştir. Soldere’nin vadi yeri seçiminde KD-GB yönlü Soldere Fayırol oynamıştır. Havzanın orta kesiminde izlenen D-B yönlü bir başka fay Soldere’nin Karakaya Formasyonu üzerinde gençleşmesine yol açmıştır. Morfometrik veriler arazi gözlemleri ile deneştirildiğinde Soldere’nin kanal morfolojisi ile havza gelişiminin tektonik ile ilişkili olduklarınıgöstermektedir

Erosion analysis of Findikli Creek catchment (NW of Turkey) using GIS based on RUSLE (3d) method

Soil erosion by water is one of the major causes of land degradation in Turkey. But the problem has not yet been treated in detail, although it affects vast areas. The aim of this study is to determine the potential erosion risk, and to predict long-time average annual soil loss resulting from raindrop splash and runoff as well as controlling factors in Findikli Creek watershed which is located on the northern part of Edremit Gulf, in the northwest of Turkey. For this purpose, in order to determine controlling factors and find out the rate of potential erosion risk, Geographical Information Systems (GIS) based on Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model were used. All factors in the RUSLE were calculated for the watershed using local data, and RUSLE-factor maps were made. According to the result of this study, five erosion risk classes are defined as low, slight, moderate, high, and severe ones. The mean values of the R-factor, K-factor, LS-factor, C-factor and P-factor were 305 km(-2) h(-1) a(-1) (MJ/ha/year), 0.55 Mg h MJ(-1) mm(-1) (tons/ha/year), 15.50, 0.07 and 0.90, respectively. The mean value of the annual average soil loss was assigned to be 66.5 tons/ha/year. There is more erosion in the upland on the north and step slopes in the west of Findikli creek watershed

Ecological degradation and non-carcinogenic health risks of potential toxic elements: a GIS-based spatial analysis for Doganci Dam (Turkey)

This study was carried out to determine the ecological degradation and non-carcinogenic health risks at Doğancı Dam, Bursa, Turkey. Potentially toxic element (PTE) concentrations (ppm) were as follows: Fe (55.030)>Al (27.220)>Mn (1053)>Cr (181)>Ni (180)>Zn (95)>Cu (62)>As (17)>Pb (11)>Cd (0.20)>Hg (0.108). As, Pb, Cd, and Hg were enriched anthropogenically, while other PTEs were of natural origin. The contamination severity index (CSI) indicated a moderate PTE contamination in the dam, mostly due to lithogenic efects. According to the modifed hazard quotient (mHQ), ecological risk was identifed at the level of extreme severity for Ni of lithological origin, of high severity for Cr of considerable severity for As of anthropogenic origin, and of moderate severity for Cu. According to the ecological contamination index (ECI), the dam had an ecological risk of a slight-to-moderate contamination. Health risk index showed no non-carcinogenic health risks in the dam. Mining, highways, and agricultural activities were identifed as the primary anthropogenic drivers to be monitored. The ongoing anthropogenic activities in the Nilüfer Stream basin and natural factors afect the ecological degradation and non-carcinogenic health risk level of the dam