The Effectiveness of the Primary Trauma Care Courses in West Bank, Palestine: Are the Outcomes Acceptable?

Background: Injuries in all shapes are accounting for more than five million deaths worldwide. Road traffic accidents injuries are the main threat to people and national health systems. Annually, road traffic injuries are resulting in the deaths of more than five million people globally. The Primary Trauma Care Foundation was organized to run the workshop for front-line staff in such countries to attempt and decrease the human and economic consequence of the injury. Methods: A one group pre-test and post-test experimental research design was used. Subjects were invited to complete a multiple-choice question. The overall number of subjects who were taking the primary trauma care course during the period (from Jun 2014 to Oct 2017) was 586 subjects. Results: More than two-thirds of subjects were men and doctors included specialties, physicians and medical students. (90.8%) of participants were carried bachelor's degree. (22.2%) were staff nurses and nurse's students, (1.9%) were midwives. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test shows a statistically significant difference between pre and post course score of PTC knowledge (p<0.001). 567 (96.75%) of the participants were shown an improvement after a PTC course. Conclusion: PTC course in Palestine is a valuable and informative course to increase and improve knowledge toward physicians, staff nurses, and midwives. Keywords: Primary Trauma Care (PTC), Effectiveness, Emergency, Palestine. DOI: 10.7176/JEP/10-9-12 Publication date:March 31st 201

The Effectiveness of the Primary Trauma Care Courses in West Bank, Palestine: Are the Outcomes Acceptable?

Injuries in all shapes are accounting for more than five million deaths worldwide. Road traffic accidents injuries are the main threat to people and national health systems. Annually, road traffic injuries are resulting in the deaths of more than five million people globally. The Primary Trauma Care Foundation was organized to run the workshop for front-line staff in such countries to attempt and decrease the human and economic consequence of the injury. Methods: A one group pre-test and post-test experimental research design was used. Subjects were invited to complete a multiple-choice question. The overall number of subjects who were taking the primary trauma care course during the period (from Jun 2014 to Oct 2017) was 586 subjects. Results: More than two-thirds of subjects were men and doctors included specialties, physicians and medical students. (90.8%) of participants were carried bachelor's degree. (22.2%) were staff nurses and nurse's students, (1.9%) were midwives. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test shows a statistically significant difference between pre and post course score of PTC knowledge (p<0.001). 567 (96.75%) of the participants were shown an improvement after a PTC course. Conclusion: PTC course in Palestine is a valuable and informative course to increase and improve knowledge toward physicians, staff nurses, and midwives.Authors acknowledge the governmental hospitals for cooperation with us and appreciate the confidentiality for giving us the data set related to participants

2-Chloro-N′-[4-(dimethyl­amino)­benzyl­idene]-N-[4-(3-methyl-3-phenyl­cyclo­but­yl)-1,3-thia­zol-2-yl]acetohydrazide

The mol­ecular conformation of the title compound, C25H27ClN4OS, is stabilized by an intra­molecular benzyl­idine C—H⋯Nthia­zole hydrogen bond. The thiazole ring makes dihedral angles of 12.0 (3) and 20.4 (2)°, respectively, with the phenyl and benzene rings, while the phenyl and benzene rings make a dihedral angle of 22.6 (2)°. The crystal packing involves weak inter­molecular thia­zole C—H⋯Ocarbon­yl and methyl C—H⋯π hydrogen-bonding associations

Gestasyonel Diyabetli Gebelerde Prenatal Bağlanma Düzeyi ve Doğuma Karşı Tutumun İncelenmesi

Amaç: Bu çalışma, gestasyonel diyabetli gebelerde prenatal bağlanma ve doğuma karşı tutumu belirlemek amacıyla tanımlayıcı olarak yapıldı. Yöntem: Araştırmanın örneklemini, Temmuz 2018-Eylül 2018 tarihlerinde Ankara’da bulunan Kadın Hastalıkları Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi’nde Gestasyonel Diyabet Polikliniği’ne başvuran 101 gestasyonel diyabetli gebe oluşturdu. Araştırma verileri, sosyodemografik veri formu, prenatal bağlanma envanteri (PBE), doğum tutum ölçeği (DTÖ) ile toplandı. Bulgular: Gestasyonel diyabeti olan gebelerde, PBE ve DTÖ arasında anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmadı. Eğitim, gebeliğin planlı olması ve tedavi şekli vb. gibi değişkenler ile PBE ve doğum tutum ölçekleri arasında anlamlı bir farklılık gözlenmedi. Sonuç: Sonuç olarak, GDM’li kadınlara sağlık profesyonelleri tarafından anne ve fetüs bağlanması gibi konulara yönelik eğitim ve danışmanlık verilmesi, sonuçların değerlendirilmesi önerilebilir

COVID-19 Vaccination Scenarios:A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis for Turkey

As of March 2021, COVID-19 has claimed the lives of more than 2.7 million people worldwide. Vaccination has started in most countries around the world. In this study, we estimated the cost-effectiveness of strategies for COVID-19 vaccination for Turkey compared to a baseline in the absence of vaccination and imposed measures by using an enhanced SIRD (Susceptible, Infectious, Recovered, Death) model and various scenarios for the first year after vaccination. The results showed that vaccination is cost-effective from a health care perspective, with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of 511 USD/QALY and 1045 USD/QALY if vaccine effectiveness on transmission is equal or reduced to only 50% of effectiveness on disease, respectively, at the 90% baseline effectiveness of the vaccine. From a societal perspective, cost savings were estimated for both scenarios. Other results further showed that the minimum required vaccine uptake to be cost-effective would be at least 30%. Sensitivity and scenario analyses, as well as the iso-ICER curves, showed that the results were quite robust and that major changes in cost-effectiveness outcomes cannot be expected. We can conclude that COVID-19 vaccination in Turkey is highly cost-effective or even cost-saving

Prevention strategies for sexually transmitted infections, HIV, and viral hepatitis in Europe

The current prevention efforts for STIs, HIV and viral hepatitis in the WHO European Region, especially in the Central and Eastern subregions, are hindered by healthcare disparities, data gaps, and limited resources. In this comprehensive narrative review, we aim to highlight both achievements and persisting challenges while also exploring new developments that could significantly impact the prevention of these infections in the near future. While pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV has been broadly approved and implemented in 38 out of 53 countries in the region, challenges remain, including cost, limited licensing, and incomplete adherence. We explore innovative approaches like on-demand PrEP, long-acting injectable cabotegravir, and intravaginal rings that have shown promising results, alongside the use of six-monthly lenacapavir, the outcomes of which are pending. Additionally, the potential of doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis has been discussed, revealing efficacy in reducing chlamydia and syphilis risk, but effectiveness against gonorrhoea being contingent on tetracycline resistance rates, and the need of further data to determine potential resistance development in other bacteria and its impact on the gut microbiome. We examine successful vaccination campaigns against HBV and HPV, the ongoing development of vaccines for chlamydia, syphilis, herpesvirus, and gonorrhoea, and challenges in HIV vaccine research, including lines of research with significant potential like sequential immunization, T-cell responses, and mRNA technology. This review underscores the research endeavors that pave the way for a more resilient and robust approach to combating STIs, HIV, and viral hepatitis in the region

Comparison of Intrarenal Retrograde Surgery Results Between Different Age Groups

Objective: In this study, we aimed to investigate whether there is a difference in the reliability and efficacy of the method according to age in patients divided into 3 different age groups who underwent RIRS due to kidney stones. Materials and Methods: Patients who underwent Retrograde Intra Renal Surgery (RIRS) for kidney or ureteral stone disease at the Urology Clinic of Health Sciences University Umraniye Health Application and Research Hospital between May 2017 and January 2021 were retrospectively screened, and those aged 20-80 years were included in the study. The demographic and clinical data of the patients and stone-related data were recorded. Patients aged 20-40 years were classified as Group 1, those aged 41- 60 years as Group 2, and those aged 61-80 years as Group 3. Results: After the inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, the sample consisted of a total of 320 patients, of whom 121 (37.8%) were in Group 1, 133 (41.5%) were in Group 2, and 66 (20.6%) were in Group 3. The mean operative times and stone-free rates were similar between the groups. However, the mean hospital stay was significantly longer in Groups 3 compared to Groups 1 and 2. The minor complication rates were 2.4% in Group 1, 3% in Group 2, and 13.6% in Group 3, indicating a statistically significantly higher value in Group 3 compared to the remaining two groups (p=0.03). The major complication rates of Groups 1, 2, and 3 were 0.8%, 0.7%, and 7.5%, respectively. Accordingly, Group 3 had a significantly higher rate than Groups 1 and 2 (p=0.04). Conclusion: RIRS can be performed on the elderly with success rates comparable to other age groups. However, the elderly, who represent a higher-risk patient population with more comorbidities, have increased rates of minor and major complications both in the perioperative and postoperative periods

Interview with Marjorie Harkins Buchanan Kiewit

In this interview with Julia Stringfellow, Marjorie Harkins Buchanan Kiewit, LU class of 1943, discusses her time as a student as well as her time on the Board of Trustees.https://lux.lawrence.edu/oralhistories/1036/thumbnail.jp

A new approach to counting fossil and modern pollen grains: The orderly count

Palynology, the study of pollen and spores, plays a crucial role in various scientific disciplines, including earth sciences (paleovegetation and paleoclimatology), botany, allergy, archaeology, forensic sciencs and cosmetics. This study delves into the critical question in fossil pollen analysis studies: the minimum count of pollen grains required for accurate estimation of vegetation composition. Various statistical methods have been proposed over the years to address this question. Our research introduces an alternative technique, the orderly count, tailored to the nature of palynological analysis. We apply this method to diverse sediment catchments, including peat bogs, marine and lake sediments, from different geographical locations. Additionally, we revisit the reliability coefficients and propose adjustments for more accurate results. Our findings suggest that relying on statistical methods without considering the specific characteristics of palynological data may lead to low reliability. We advocate for the integration of dissimilarity criteria and the orderly count in sample size assessments for enhanced accuracy in palynological analyses. Our study emphasizes the importance of choosing appropriate methodologies aligned with the unique aspects of palynology to ensure robust and reliable results

A discrete firefly algorithm to solve a rich vehicle routing problem modelling a newspaper distribution system with recycling policy

A real-world newspaper distribution problem with recycling policy is tackled in this work. In order to meet all the complex restrictions contained in such a problem, it has been modeled as a rich vehicle routing problem, which can be more specifically considered as an asymmetric and clustered vehicle routing problem with simultaneous pickup and deliveries, variable costs and forbidden paths (AC-VRP-SPDVCFP). This is the first study of such a problem in the literature. For this reason, a benchmark composed by 15 instances has been also proposed. In the design of this benchmark, real geographical positions have been used, located in the province of Bizkaia, Spain. For the proper treatment of this AC-VRP-SPDVCFP, a discrete firefly algorithm (DFA) has been developed. This application is the first application of the firefly algorithm to any rich vehicle routing problem. To prove that the proposed DFA is a promising technique, its performance has been compared with two other well-known techniques: an evolutionary algorithm and an evolutionary simulated annealing. Our results have shown that the DFA has outperformed these two classic meta-heuristics