Outbreak of Phytophthora cinnamomi causing severe decline of avocado trees in southern Turkey

Acknowledgements: This research was supported by Bati Akdeniz Agricultural Research Institute (BATEM), and we appreciate the help of the staff of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. We are also thankful to Dr Emrah Yıldırım for preparation of the map.Peer reviewedPostprin

3D (three dimensional) evaluation of ischemic damaged brain area and correlation of them with clinical symptoms

Bu çalışma, PAÜ Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi tarafından (Proje No: 2016SABE003).İskemik hasarlı beyin bölgeleri ile hastadaki nörolojik muayene bulguları arasındaki ilişki daha önceki çalışmalarda gösterilmiştir. Ancak, 3 boyutlu (3B) olarak değerlendirilmemiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, hastalardan elde edilen manyetik rezonans (MR) ve bilgisayarlı tomografi (BT) görüntüleri üzerindeki kesitsel iskemik hasarlı beyin bölgelerini üç boyutlu (3B) hale getirerek incelemek ve hastanın klinik bulguları ile korele etmektir. Bu amaç için 105 hastanın görüntüleri bilgisayar destekli programlar ile 3B olarak incelenmiş ve rapor edilen klinik bulguları ile korelasyon yapılmıştır. Hasarlı Alanlar ile klinik bulgular arasında, istatistiki olarak anlamlı korelasyon bulunmuştur. Yapılan kranial görüntüleme teknikleri ile beyindeki iskemik alanlar tespit edilebilir. Aynı zamanda, nörolojik muayene ile de iskemik alan lokalizasyonu yapılabilir. Bu yolla günümüze kadar beynin birçok fonksiyonel bölgesi tanımlanmıştır. Fakat bu tanımlama genellikle 2 boyutlu kesitler üzerinden yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmada ilk defa 3B değerlendirme ile klinik bulguların korelasyonu yapılmaktadır. Çalışma sonuçları bilgisayar destekli nörobilim (compututional neuroscience) açısından kaynak olabilir. Temel ve klinik olarak yeni çalışmaların önünü açabilir.The relationship between ischemic damaged brain area and upon clinical symptoms on patients have been shown in previous studies but not in 3D evaluation. The aim of study is to evaluate. ischemic damaged brain areas in 3D obtained from patient's magnetic resonans (MR) and computational tomography (CT) images and correlate them with clinical symptoms of patients. For this purpose, 105 patients' images were evaluated in 3D by computer- aided soft ware program and results were correlated with reported clinical findings of patients. Correlation has already been detected between damaged areas and clinical symptoms significantly. Damaged areas in the brain can be detected by performed cranial imaging methods. At the same time, localization of ischemic areas can be made by neurological examination. So far, many functional brain areas have been investigated by this way. But, this determination was usually made on 2D sections. In present study, correlation between 3D evaluation and clinical symptoms was made in the first time. Present study results can be source for the computational neuroscience. It can open the way of new researches in the clinical and basic science

In vitro and In vivo Efficacy of some Fungicides against Phytophthora nicotianae

WOS: 000440740600021This study was conducted in order to determine the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of some chemicals against Phytophthora nicotianae, which is one among the Phytophthora spp. that are responsible for tomato root and crown rot disease. We tested various active substances against this disease pathogen. In the experiment, varied concentrations of "metalaxyl 35%", "fludioxonil 25 g/L + metalaxyl-M 10 g/L", "ametoctradin 300 g/L + dimethomorph 225 g/L", "hymexazol 360 g/L" and "tolclofos methyl 30% + thiram 30%" active substances were used. In in vitro studies, EC50/EC90 values that inhibited sporangium formation and mycelium growth of P. nicotianae was calculated separately for each active substance. In pot experiments, application doses of active substances were applied to tomato seedlings and the active substance that prevents the disease best was determined. As a result of in vitro studies, "metalaxyl 35%" provided the lowest EC50/EC90 concentration that prevents mycelium growth by 50% and 90%. The lowest EC50/EC90 concentration values that decreased the sporangium formation by 50% and 90% were obtained from "ametoctradin 300 g/L + dimethomorph 225 g/L." In pot the experiment, "Fludioxonil 25 g/L + metalaxyl-M 10 g/L" exhibited the highest efficacy against P. nicotianae. (C) 2018 Friends Science Publisher

Protective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester and thymoquinone on toluene induced liver toxicity

Toluene is an organic solvent that is toxic to humans. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) and thymoquinone (TQ) exhibit antioxidant and antitoxic effects. We investigated the protective effects of CAPE and TQ on toluene induced hepatotoxicity. Wistar albino rats were divided into seven groups of eight. The animals were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 0.1 ml/10 g/day corn oil (control I), 0.1 ml/10 g/day corn oil + 2 ml/kg/day 10% ethanol (control II), 20 mg/kg/day TQ dissolved in 0.1 ml/10 g corn oil (TQ), 10 µmol/kg/day CAPE dissolved in 10% ethanol (CAPE), 500 mg/kg/day toluene (T), toluene and TQ together (T + TQ), or toluene and CAPE together (T + CAPE). All rats were sacrificed on day 15. Liver samples were obtained for histological analysis. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were measured to evaluate liver function. Liver sections from the control I and TQ groups exhibited normal histology. Sections from the T group exhibited sinusoid dilation, hemorrhage, vacuolization and necrosis. TQ and CAPE protected against toluene induced histopathological changes. AST and ALT levels were increased significantly in T group compared to both control groups. CAPE decreased significantly the toluene induced increase in AST and ALT levels, while TQ did not. CAPE and TQ exhibited some antitoxic and hepato-protective effects on toluene induced liver damage. © 2018, © 2018 The Biological Stain Commission