Normal prostat ve prostat adenokarsinomlarında chek-2 üzerinden aktive olan hücre döngüsü düzenleyici proteinlerden cell division cycle 25 homolog a, cell division cycle 25 homolog c ve apoptosis antagonizing transcription factor proteinlerinin porstat karsinogenezi üzerine etkileri

Tıpta Uzmanlık TeziProstat kanseri erkeklerde görülen kanserler arasında 3. sıradadır. En sık izlenen alt tip asiner adenokarsinomlardır. Prostat karsinogenezinde genetik mekanizmaların rolünü gösteren çok sayıda çalışma mevcuttur. Deoksiribonükleik asit tamir mekanizmalarında rol alan “Checkpoint kinase 2” genindeki mutasyonlar ve hücre siklusunda görevli “Cell division cycle” kinazların (A, B, C) CHEK2 ile ilişkili olarak prostat kanseri gelişiminde rol aldığı gösterilmiştir. Deoksiribonükleik asit tamir mekanizmalarında rol alan diğer bir protein olan ve apoptozu engelleyen AATF proteininin kanser gelişimindeki rolünü gösteren çok sayıda çalışma mevcuttur. Ancak CDC25 ailesinden CDC25A ve CDC25C’nin AATF ile birlikte prostat karsinogenezindeki rolünü gösteren çalışmalar sınırlı sayıdadır. Bununla birlikte var olan çalışmalar genetik temelli olup bu konuda yapılmış immunohistokimyasal çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışmada CDC25A, CDC25C ve AATF proteinlerinin normal prostat dokusunda ve malign dokuda ekspresyonlarının incelenmesi ve birbirleriyle ilişkilerinin ortaya konması amaçlandı. Çalışmaya Trakya Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Patoloji Anabilim Dalı arşivinden 177 malign, 101 benign prostat dokusu içeren toplam 278 materyal dahil edildi. Malign vakalar kendi aralarında Gleason skorlarına göre üç gruba ayrıldı. Malign vakalarda prostat karsinomu prognostik belirteçleri olan bilateral tutulum, ekstraprostatik yayılım, perinöral invazyon, veziküla seminalis invazyonu ve lenfovasküler invazyon varlığı değerlendirildi. Parafin bloklardan alınan kesitlere immünohistokimyasal olarak CDC25A, CDC25C ve AATF antikorları uygulandı ve iki gözlemci tarafından ışık mikroskobu altında değerlendirildi. Malign vakalarda CDC25C antikorunun sitoplazmik, AATF antikorunun sitoplazmik ve nükleer pozitifliği benign gruba göre artmış olarak tespit edilmiştir. Bu artış isrtatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur. Malign vaka grubunda AATF antikorunun sitoplazmik boyanma oranlarının Gleason skor artışı ile paralellik gösterdiği saptanmış, bu ilişki istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur. Malign vaka grubunda CDC25C ve AATF sitoplazmik boyanma oranlarının ekstraprostatik yayılım varlığı ile korele olduğu saptanmış bu korelasyon istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur.AbstractProstate cancer is the third common cancer in men. Acinar adenocarcinoma is the most common type. There are number of studies about role of genetic mechanisms in prostate carcinogenesis. Mutations in “Checkpoint kinase 2” (CHEK2) gene, which is involved in Deoxyribonucleic acid damage response, and “Cell division cycle” (CDC) kinases (CDC25A, CDC25B,CDC25C) which are involved in the cell cycle, associated with CHEK2 has been shown to play a role in prostate cancer development. Another protein, AATF, is, involved in Deoxyribonucleic acid damage response and prevents apoptosis, and there are many studies indicating its role in cancer growth. But studies showing the role of CDC25A and CDC25C proteins along with AATF in prostate carcinogenesis, are limited in the literature. However except for the genetically based studies, there are no immunohistochemical studies related to this topic.. The aim of current study is to research alterations in expressions of CDC25A, CDC25C and ATTF proteins in malignant prostate tissues and normal prostate tissues and demostrating the relationship with each other. Research is performed on a total number of 278 cases, which consist of 177 malignant prostate tissues, and101 benign prostate tissues. Cases are selected from the archive of Trakya University Medical Faculty Department of Pathology which were submitted to the laboratory between 2007 and 2013 . Malignant cases are graded and grouped into three groups with regard to Gleason scoring system. In addition, the malignant cases are evaluated concerning the prognostic factors such as bilateral lobe invasion, extraprostatic extention, perineural invasion, vesicula seminalis invasion and lymphovaskular invasion. Immunohistochemical and light microscopy evaluations were performed by two observers. Nuclear and cytoplasmic expressions of AATF antibody and cytoplasmic expression of CDC25C antibody were significantly increased in malignant cases.. Cytoplasmic expression of AATF antibody in malignant cases was parallel with Gleason scores of tumours. This relationship was statistically significant. Additionally, increase in the cytoplasmic expression rates of AATF and CDC25C antibodies in malignant cases were corraleted with extraprostatic extension and this was also statistically significant

A case of urachal malacoplakia that seems like urachal cancer

Background: Urachal masses observed in adults should be considered malignant unless they are confuted. It is very difficult to differentiate between malignant or benign lesions, including especially calcified foci and solid areas. Case Report: Our case was a 63-year-old male patient who was diagnosed as Behçet’s Disease 26 years ago. Upon clinical examination, he was also diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of prostate. He was examined by computerized tomography to define the stage of prostatic adenocarcinoma. The existence of a hypodense multiseptated cystic lesion with irregular margins and solid areas located between anterosuperior of bladder and umbilicus was reported. Hence, the lesion was evaluated as urachal carcinoma and locally advanced prostate cancer by the urooncology council. Resection of the mass, partial cystectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy were performed as one of the surgical approach options in urachal carcinoma. After pathological examination, the mass was diagnosed as malakoplakia and metastasis of prostate adenocarcinoma was also detected in the right obdurator lymph nodule. In the literature, case reports of urachal malakoplakia are extremely rare. It is also interesting to note the absence of specific clinical symptoms for the urachal mass and the existence of concomitant adenocarcinoma in our case. Conclusion: Malakoplakia can only be diagnosed by pathological examination. Particularly, urachal malakoplakia should also be taken into consideration in the differential diagnosis of lesions which include solid areas and are located in the urachus. Keywords: Michaelis Gutmann bodies, urachal malacoplakia, urachal malacoplakia mimicking cance

Bio-realistic Neural Network Implementation on Loihi 2 with Izhikevich Neurons

In this paper, we presented a bio-realistic basal ganglia neural network and its integration into Intel's Loihi neuromorphic processor to perform simple Go/No-Go task. To incorporate more bio-realistic and diverse set of neuron dynamics, we used Izhikevich neuron model, implemented as microcode, instead of Leaky-Integrate and Fire (LIF) neuron model that has built-in support on Loihi. This work aims to demonstrate the feasibility of implementing computationally efficient custom neuron models on Loihi for building spiking neural networks (SNNs) that features these custom neurons to realize bio-realistic neural networks

Jules Verne et la morphine

Crestois Paul. Jules Verne et la morphine. In: Revue d'histoire de la pharmacie, 68ᵉ année, n°245, 1980. p. 128

Common Findings in Endoscopic Gastric Biopsies in Southeastern Anatolia: Effects of Eating Habits and <i>Helicobacter Pylori<\/i> Infection

Introduction: Roasted and spicy food (mainly hot pepper) consumption is very common in Southeastern Anatolia. Smoked and spicy diets and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection are known risk factors for gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of eating habits on the gastric mucosa, to investigate the rate of H. pylori positivity, and to examine the association of these factors with histopathological features in this region

Antibiotic overconsumption and resistance in Turkey

WOS: 000468097700002PubMed ID: 30844434The latest report of the OECD Health Policy Studies stated that in2015 the highest rates of antimicrobial resistance (around 35% inTurkey, Korea and Greece) were seven times higher than the lowestrates among its member countries. As the OECD country with thehighest rate of resistance (38.8%), despite a 15-year hospital anti-biotic restriction programme, Turkey is in urgent need of revisingits policies and drawing an effective action plan to reverse thecurrent trend. In this commentary we review previous measurestaken to tackle antimicrobial overuse and resistance in Turkey and discuss their effectiveness

Ultrastructural investigation of synaptic alterations in the rat hippocampus after irradiation and hyperthermia

This study aimed to investigate ultrastructural synaptic alterations in rat hippocampus after in utero exposure to irradiation (IR) and postnatal exposure to hyperthermia (HT). There were four groups in each of the time points (3(rd) and 6(th) months). IR group: Pregnant rats were exposed to radiation on the 17(th) gestational day. HT group: Hyperthermia was applied to the rat pups on the 10th day after their birth. IR+HT group: Both IR and HT were applied at the same time periods. Control group: No IR or HT was applied. Rat pups were sacrificed after 3 and 6 months. Thin sections from the dentate gyrus (DG) and the CA3 of hippocampus were evaluated for synapse numbers by electron microscopy. Synapses were counted, and statistical analysis was performed. Abnormalities in myelin sheath, mossy terminals and neuropil were observed in the CA3 and DG of all groups. The synapses in the CA3 region were significantly increased in the IR-3(rd) month, IR-6(th) month, and IR+HT-3(rd) month groups vs control group. Synapses were significantly increased in the DG of HT-3(rd) month group. A trend for an increase in synapse numbers was seen in the CA3 and DG. Increased number of synapses in the rat hippocampus may be due to mossy fiber sprouting, possibly caused by in utero irradiation and/or postnatal hyperthermia