Variability in antioxidants in yellow, white, and red coloured maize grain in response to different fertilizers

Maize (Zea mays L.) grain is an important source of nutrients in human diet. The differences in content and relations between certain components of maize grain impact grain colour and its nutritional quality. The objective of the Study was to examine effects of different fertilization systems: mineral fertilizer (urea), organic fertilizer, and bio-fertilizer on white, yellow, and red coloured maize hybrids, regarding grain yield and variations in content of antioxidants: phytate, phenolic compounds, glutathione, carotenoids (yellow pigment), and reduction capacity of DPPH radical. Two-fold higher average grain yield and double fold lower concentration of phenols and carotenoids were present in 2018, in comparison to drier 2017. The lowest phytate content and the highest values of phenols and DPPH reduction capacity were present in red maize kernel, as a hybrid with the highest yield, while in yellow maize kernel, the highest values of yellow pigment and glutathione occurred. The bio-fertilizer expressed the positive impact on reduction of phytate concentration and increase of phenols concentration in maize grain, while urea increased concentration of yellow pigment and glutathione. Correlation analysis showed that reduction in phytate and carotenoids was significant and positive related with grain yield increase, while phenols showed positive correlation with reduction capacity of DPPH radical. Thus, it was shown that changes in fertilization methods could affect antioxidants status in maize grain, particularly in red coloured maize, which besides high yield potential, possess remarkable higher antioxidant capacity in regard to yellow and white coloured maize

Variability in antioxidants in yellow, white, and red coloured maize grain in response to different fertilizers

Maize (Zea mays L.) grain is an important source of nutrients in human diet. The differences in content and relations between certain components of maize grain impact grain colour and its nutritional quality. The objective of the Study was to examine effects of different fertilization systems: mineral fertilizer (urea), organic fertilizer, and bio-fertilizer on white, yellow, and red coloured maize hybrids, regarding grain yield and variations in content of antioxidants: phytate, phenolic compounds, glutathione, carotenoids (yellow pigment), and reduction capacity of DPPH radical. Two-fold higher average grain yield and double fold lower concentration of phenols and carotenoids were present in 2018, in comparison to drier 2017. The lowest phytate content and the highest values of phenols and DPPH reduction capacity were present in red maize kernel, as a hybrid with the highest yield, while in yellow maize kernel, the highest values of yellow pigment and glutathione occurred. The bio-fertilizer expressed the positive impact on reduction of phytate concentration and increase of phenols concentration in maize grain, while urea increased concentration of yellow pigment and glutathione. Correlation analysis showed that reduction in phytate and carotenoids was significant and positive related with grain yield increase, while phenols showed positive correlation with reduction capacity of DPPH radical. Thus, it was shown that changes in fertilization methods could affect antioxidants status in maize grain, particularly in red coloured maize, which besides high yield potential, possess remarkable higher antioxidant capacity in regard to yellow and white coloured maize

Chemical composition of organically and conventionally grown fruits of raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) cv. Willamette

The paper presents two-year results of chemical tests of raspberry fruits in organic and conventional cultivation systems. Raspberry plantations were established on the slopes of Jelica Mountain, on soil having very acidic reaction (pH/KCl 3.67–3.76) and optimal contents of humus and total N. In the conventional cultivation system, the soil had a high supply of readily available P2O5 and K2O and microelements, with excessive levels of Ni, and Cr. In the organic system, the content of Ni and Zn increased. The biochemical properties of organic and conventional fruits showed no significant differences, while the influence of the research year and the interaction of the cultivation system showed significant differences in the content of TA and IS. However, higher values of the levels of soluble solids, total acids and sugars contributed to the more appealing taste and aroma of organic raspberry fruits. The contents of microelements and heavy metals in the fruits of both cultivation systems were measured in the following order Mn>Fe>Zn>Cu>Ni>Cr>Co. No significant difference was found in the contents of the examined elements between organic and conventional fruits, except for the statistically higher content of Fe in organic raspberries. The high share of individual elements (especially Ni) in both cultivation systems indicates the need for continuous chemical testing of soil and fruits. Based on the results, it is important to consider the daily intake of each element in relation to body weight and/or maximum daily intake.Publishe

Analysis of Reversible Adsorption in Cylindrical Micro/Nanofluidic Channels for Analyte Sensing and Sample Dilution Applications

The principle of operation of one class of chemical/biological sensors is based on adsorption of particles of a target substance from a fluid on a surface which can be a wall of a micro/nanochannel. When a channel is used for transport of fluids between different parts of microsystems, adsorption may cause dilution of the transported fluid, which is useful e.g. for sample purification, but detrimental when the fluid has to be delivered with unaltered chemical properties. In both groups of applications the analysis of adsorption phenomena is necessary in order to estimate and then optimize the micro/nanofluidic system performance. In this paper reversible adsorption in cylindrical micro/nanochannels is analyzed by using both the theoretical expressions and computer simulations. Applicability of the two-compartment model for approximation of the particles concentration distribution in a channel is also considered, as it can significantly facilitate the analysis of the adsorption process on the channel walls

THE INFLUENCE OF COVER CROPS AND MICROBIOLOGICAL FERTILIZER ON YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF SWEET MAIZE (Zea Mays L. sacharata Sturt)

Sweet maize, a popular vegetable, occupies an important place in the population's diet, and in recent decades, the area under this crop has been increasing. In this paper, the influence of cover crops (CC), with and without the application of microbiological fertilizer, on the yield and yield components of sweet maize (hyrbid ZPSC 421su, FAO 400) was examined. The experiment was carried out at the "Zemun Polje" Maize Research Institute during 2014/152015/16. CC consisted of four types of plants: 2 legumes: T1-common vetch, T2-field pea, 2 non-leguminous species: T3-winter oats and T4-fodder kale. Two variants with mixtures were: T5-common vetch + winter oats and T6-field pea + winter oats and two controls T7 (straw) and T8 (bare soil). CC was sown in autumn, plowed at the end of April or May, after which 1/2 of the plot was treated with microbiological fertilizer. Sweet maize was sown in mid-May at a density of 65,000 plants per ha. For industrial processing, the shape, size and uniformity of the corn cob, grain size, and row configuration are important. CC influenced the increase in the number of grain rows and the number of grains in a row, the most in the variant T4, and the weakest in the variants with mixtures (T5 and T6). The highest cob length values were measured in the T4 variant. The largest cob diameter was measured in 2016 in T4 (4.6 cm), and the smallest value in controls (3.1 cm and 3.3 cm) in 2015. By comparing the examined years, we can see that in the first year the highest yield was achieved in the T4 variant (6261.70 kg ha-1), while the lowest was achieved in the T6 variant (2732.88 kg ha-1) in the second year

Uticaj tufozela, kao dodatka hrani, na mesnatost različitih kategorija svinja

Application of zeolite in the diet of pigs showed multiple effects, and its application as a specific adsorbent resulted in increased growth and food conversion. In order to study effects of tufozel as representative of the zeolite on the meatiness and thickness of fat tissue, research was conducted on three groups of pigs: cross bread gilts, boars and castrates. Each category of pigs was divided into two groups, control and experimental. The experimental group was fed with feed containing 0.5% of tufozel. After fattening, pigs were slaughtered at the slaughter line and the meatiness of warm carcasses was examined by measuring the thickness of fat on animals' back and weight of warm carcasses. Average weight of carcasses from the experimental group was higher compared to the control, the difference being highest in the category of young boars. The thickness of fat tissue value was statistically lower (p lt 0.001) in experimental groups of gilts and castrates, compared to the group of young boars. Tufozel impact on the average weight and meat percentage in carcasses of castrates and gilts was statistically highly significant (p lt 0.001). Statistically significant difference in yield (p lt 0.05) was also observed within the category of young boars, between control and experimental group, the latter showing higher yield values. The results indicate a positive effect of tufozel on parameters of meatiness of investigated pig categories.Primena zeolita u ishrani svinja pokazala je pozitivno dejstvo na proizvodne parametre svinja u tovu, te njihova primena kao specifičnih adsorbenata ima svoje nutritivno, medicinsko i ekonomsko opravdanje. Radi ispitivanja dejstva tufozela, kao predstavnika zeolita, na mesnatost trupova i debljinu masnog tkiva, istraživanje je sprovedeno na tri kategorije svinja ukrštenih rasa: mlade nerastove, nazimice i kastrate. Svaka kategorija svinja podeljena je u dve grupe, kontrolnu i oglednu. U obroke oglednih grupa umešano je po 0,5% tufozela. Posle završenog tova, svinje su zaklane, a na liniji klanja ispitivana je mesnatost trupova i to merenjem debljine masnog tkiva na leđima i merenjem mase toplih polutki. Kod svinja ispitanih kategorija, prosečna masa trupa oglednih grupa bila je veća nego kod kontrolnih, s tim da je kod nerastova ta razlika bila najveća. Razlike u debljini masnog tkiva kod oglednih grupa kastrata i nazimica pokazale su se statistički visoko značajne (p lt 0,001), dok između prosečne debljine masnog tkiva ogledne i kontrolne grupe mladih nerastova nije utvrdena statistički značajna razlika. Uticaj tufozela na prosečnu masu mesa i procenat mesa u trupu kod kastrata i nazimica oglednih grupa pokazao se kao statistički visoko značajan (p lt 0,001). Između prinosa mesa kontrolne i ogledne grupe mladih nerastova izraženog u kg, odnosno u %, utvrđena je statistički značajna razlika (p lt 0,05). Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na pozitivan uticaj tufozela na parametre mesnatosti i mesnatost ispitivanih kategorija svinja

Effect of different rates and methods of application of NPK-fertilizers on the quality of potato tubers

Research on the effect of different rates and methods of application of mineral NPK fertilizers on the quality of potato variety 'Carrera' was conducted on a luvisol of the Radočelo Mountain massif. Treatments included an unfertilized control, NPK 16:16:16 (1500 kg/ha) applied in-furrow at planting, NPK 16:16:16 (1200 kg/ha) applied in-furrow at planting, and NPK 16:16:16 applied at 700 kg/ha during seedbed preparation and at 500 kg/ha in-furrow at planting. Results on the nutritional value of potato tubers showed that the levels of tested nutrients were higher in the skin than in the flesh. The concentrations of tested nutrients in potato tubers were highest at the highest NPK fertilizer rate, whereas the lowest levels of all nutrients, except Fe, were determined in tubers at NPK rates of 700 kg/ha applied pre-plant and 500 kg/ha applied at planting

UPOREDNE KARAKTERISTIKE POTKOLENIH KOSTIJU (OSSA CRURIS) SRNE (CAPREOLUS CAPREOLUS) I OVCE (OVIS ARIES) U CILJU UTVRĐIVANJA PRIPADNOSTI ŽIVOTINJSKOJ VRSTI

Česti su slučajevi krivolova u kojima je potrebno na osnovu morfoloških karakteristikakostiju utvrditi kojoj životinjskoj vrsti pripadaju. Metodom komparacije obavljenaje forenzička analiza osteoloških karakteristika kostiju srne i ovce.Za ispitivanje uporednih karakteristika potkolenih kostiju (Ossa cruris) upotrebljenoje 6 potkolenih kostiju od srne i 8 od ovce. Kada je sa kostiju skinuta koža, mišići,arterijski, venski i limfni sudovi, nervi, one se termički obrađuju u autoklavu. Posle kuvanja,kosti su stavljene u

Temporal Analysis of Urban-Suburban PET, mPET and UTCI Indices in Belgrade (Serbia)

The analysis of the bioclimatic conditions is becoming increasingly relevant in climate interpretations for human needs, particularly in spatial planning, tourism, public health, sports events, bio-prognosis, etc. In this context, our study presents general temporal bioclimatic conditions in Belgrade, defined based on the PET, mPET and UTCI heat budget indices. Monthly, seasonal and annual indices were analyzed for urban and suburban weather stations based on 43 annual sets of meteorological data obtained by hourly observations at 7 h and 14 h CET. This study aims to present the distribution of PET, mPET and UTCI indices to show the pattern of each index in a mild climate location and to examine annual and seasonal differences of each index in the Belgrade urban center and suburban part of the city. The study results indicate higher biothermal stress in the urban area compared to the suburban zone and that the indices are congruent during the summer. At the same time, during the winter, they are more difficult to compare due to their pecu-liarities becoming more noticeable. The results obtained of all mean monthly and mean annual val-ues of all three indices clearly indicate the difference that follows the definition of the urban heat island (UHI), particularly those from morning observation and winter season. The UTCI index shows the most significant monthly, seasonal and annual difference between urban and suburban areas for both observations. The annual difference of ΔUTCI7h amounts to 1.5 °C is the same as the annual difference of minimum temperatures (Δtmin). In contrast, the annual differences of ΔPET7h ΔmPET7h are °smaller (0.8 °C and 0.7 °C) and closer to the annual differences of maximum temperatures Δtmax amounted of 0.6 °C