Impact of climatic factors to the percentage of young in the population of brown hare (Lepus europaeus P) in the Bačka district

Climatic factors, especially temperature and precipitations, greatly affect the dynamics of the hare number and population. Climatic factors directly affect the physiological and reproductive processes of both individuals and entire populations, or indirectly, through the availability of food, competition with other species, predators and other. The age structure of the hare population at the end of the period of reproduction is an important indicator of the population growth that is used for planning the level of explotation of the hare population (hunting). The rational use of the hare's population is one of the most important protection procedures and it should be well monitored and controlled by the hunting professionals. We used the average monthly temperature and the sum of monthly precipitations in the hare reproductive period (March-September) during ten years (2000 - 2009), together with the percent of young in the hare population, on the territory of Bačka, for multiple regression (stepwise) analysis. Results of the regression analysis show an association between the percentage of young hares and the influence of climatic factors. The average temperature and sum of precipitation in June, are the strongest predictor of the percent of young in the hare’s population in Bačka. According to the coefficient of determination (R2=0.50) climatic parameters account for 50% of variance in the percentage of young hares in Bačka. The regression correlation coefficient of all factors was R=0.70, which is on the border line between medium and high correlation

The influence of IL28B polymorphisms on sustained virological response in patients with chronic hepatitis C

UVOD: IL28B polimorfizmi se smatraju važnim prognostičkim faktorom za ishod terapije pacijenata sa hroničnim C hepatitisom koji se leče standardnom, dvojnom terapijom PEG-IFN/RBV. CILJ: Ovo istraživanje ima za cilj da ispita uticaj pojednačnih polimorfizama (eng. Single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNP): rs8099917, rs12979860 i rs12980275 i njihovih kombinacija (IL28B profili) na SVR, kao i uticaj virusoloških faktora i faktora od strane domaćina. METODOLOGIJA: Istraživanje je obuhvatilo 136 pacijenata sa hroničnim C hepatitisom genotip 1 koji su lečeni po protokolu - pegilovani-interferon α2a/α2b i ribavirin tokom 48 nedelja. Za ispitivanje polimorfizama korišćen je SSP-PCR (eng. Sequence specific primer - PCR) metod. REZULTATI: SVR je postiglo 58.8% pacijenata. Genotipovi TTrs8099917, CCrs12979860 i AArs12980275 su označeni kao “povoljni” zbog značajno veće prevalence u grupi pacijenata koja je odgovorila na primenjenu terapiju. S druge strane, genotipovi GGrs8099917 i TTrs12979860 su označeni kao “nepovoljni” jer su bili povezani sa izostankom odgovora na terapiju. Prisustvo CCrs12979860 ili AArs12980275 povećava verovatnoću za SVR 3 odnosno 1.5 puta. IL28B profil koji u sebi sadrži makar jedan povoljan genotip TTrs8099917 ili CCrs12979860 ili AArs12980275, se pokazao kao nezavisni prediktor odgovora na primenjenu terapiju, a potom i mlađe životno doba i niži stepen nekroinflamatorne aktivnosti jetre. Među pacijentima koji su postigli SVR, 87.5% je imalo neki od ovih IL28B profila. Najjaču PPV ima CCrs12979860 (81.8%), dok su najjaču NPV pokazali TTrs12979860 i GGrs8099917, 65.5%, odnosno 61.6%. Niža serumska aktivnost AST u korelaciji je sa TTrs8099917, dok je niži nivo virusne replikacije pre početka terapije u korelaciji sa GGrs8099917. ZAKLJUČAK: Rezultati ovog ispitivanju su potvrdili da sva tri ispitivana polimorfizma imaju važnu ulogu u predikciji SVR. Od ispitivanih parametara kao nezavisni prediktor ishoda terapije, pokazao se IL28B profil koji u sebu sadrži makar jedan povoljan genotip od tri ispitivana polimorfizma.BACKGROUND: The three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near IL28B gene were shown to be highly predictive of sustained virological response (SVR) in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. AIM: This study attempted to demonstrate the role of single and combined IL28B polymorphisms (rs8099917, rs12979860 and rs12980275) and other host and viral factors in predicting response to treatment, in Caucasian patients infected with HCV genotype 1. METHODOLOGY: The study comprised 136 patients with chronic hepatitis C infection genotype 1 who were treated with pegilated-interferon α2a/α2b and ribavirin for 48 weeks. SNPs were identified using SSP-PCR (Sequence specific primer - PCR). RESULTS: 58.8% achieved SVR. Genotypes TTrs8099917, CCrs12979860 and AArs12980275 were associated with favorable response to treatment, while GGrs8099917 and TTrs12979860 were identified as predictors of treatment failure. Patients carrying genotypes CCrs12979860 or AArs12980275 were 3 and 1.5 times more likely to achieve SVR, respectively. The presence of IL28B profiles (combinations of genotypes from all 3 SNPs), that included at least one of the favorable genotypes, was identified as the most important factor associated with SVR, followed by younger age and lower grade of histological activity. Of all patients who achieved SVR, 87.5% was carrying one of these IL28B profiles. The strongest PPV of single SNPs for achieving SVR was observed for CCrs12979860 (81.8%). The presence of TTrs12979860 showed the strongest NPV of 65.5%, followed by GGrs8099917 61.6%. The correlation of SNPs with other host and viral factors revealed association of TTrs8099917 and lower AST levels as well as lower baseline viral load and GGrs8099917. CONCLUSION: Results of this study confirm that all investigated IL28B polymorphisms are associated with treatment response and that presence of any of the favorable IL28B genotypes can be considered independent pretreatment determinant of the effectiveness of therapy

Principles and history of the relatedness of architecture and acoustics.

Истраживање звука у историји архитектуре често је неправедно занемарено у сенци визуелних аспеката градитељства. Поред тога што има суштински значај за опажање окружења и орјентацију у простору, звук је кроз историју културе схватан и као веза материјалног и духовног плана, те је заузимао посебно место у сакралној архитектури, том најузвишенијем градитељском изразу који одсликава космолошку симболику ̶ аналогију макрокосмоса и микрокосмоса. Полазиште овог рада јесте да општи однос архитектуре и звука не почива искључиво на техничком знању, већ да је развијан и у контексту духа времена у коме је градитељство стварано. Сходно томе, његово разматрање изискује мултидисциплинарни приступ који омогућава истраживање архитектонског дела као слојевите просторно-временске структуре. Сагледавањем античке аналошке мисли дубоко уткане у европску културу и историје разумевања звука која је била од значаја за архитектуру, са једне стране, и археоакустичких истраживања, са друге стране, у раду је звук посматран двојако: (1) као хармонијски звук који је нашао своје место у примени музичке аналогије у градитељству и (2) као импулсни одзив који служи за квантификовање показатеља звучног поља и омогућава међусобно поређење различитих простора, те се претежно користи у савременим археоакустичким истраживањима. Ова два комплементарна приступа обједињена су у студији случаја у оквиру које је истраживан однос звука и архитектуре у моравској стилској групи (крај XIV – почетак XV века). Циљ овог истраживања јесте да укаже на релевантност ширег културолошког контекста и понуди досад неистражени угао у сагледавању динамике општег односа архитектуре и акустике кроз историју, као и да покаже да градитељско наслеђе средњовековне Србије чини основ за спровођење археоакустичких истраживања, упркос ограничености постојеће теоријске и емпиријске грађе.The research of sound in history of architecture is unjustly neglected on behalf of its visual aspects. Besides the signicicance for perception of environment and orientation in space, through the cultural history the sound is comperhended as a connetion between material and spiritual worlds. Therefore, it had a special place in sacral architecture, the most sofisticated expression of building culture that represents the cosmological symbolism (macrocosmos–microcosmos analogy). Statring point of this research is that the general relatedness of architecture and sound does not exlusevely rest on technical knowledge, but it is also developed in context of the spirit of building period. Consequently, the research requires multidisciplinary approach to architectural piece as a complex space-time structure. Due to the antique analogical thinking deeply interweaved with European culture and history of understanding the sound, relevant for the development of architecture, as well as the contemporary archeoacoustic researches, the aspect of sound in this dessertation is considered as (1) harmonic sound which has found its place in the application of musical analogy in architecture, as well as (2) impulse response which provides acoustical parameters – quantifiers that enable the comparison of various spaces’ acoustics. Those two complementary approaches are combined in the case study that research the relatedness of sound and medieval Serbian architecture of moravian style (end of XIV – begining of XV century). The overall goal of this research is to point out the relevance of wide cultural context and offer so far unexplored aspect of historical dynamics between architecture and acoustics. Moreover, it strives to show that architectural heritage of medieval Serbia is the base for archeoacoustical research despite the limitations of the existing theoretical and empirical material

DETERMINATION THE QUALITY OF DRINKING WATER BY INDIRECT METHOD ON SCALE TEST

Investigation of the composition of elements in drinking water, from water network of Belgrade city, with indirect method. This method is based on the scale that is made with precipitation from the water during heating, indicated presence of alkali and alkaline earth elements to a greater extent and heavy metals which is quite expected. Somewhat unexpectedly the presence of some elements, whose presence leads to a greater amount isn’t desirable, because they have the cumulative effect (Hg, Pb, Ni, As ), which indicates that these are areas of developed industrial production. The water from which was formed scale found a greater presence of Fe, Cu, and Mn. Scale testing determined the presence of radioactive elements U and Sr in drinking water. Based on X-ray diffraction analysis of the composition of the sample is composed of a mixture Mg calcite and aragonite. Multidisciplinary approach to the analysis of the scale is defining the new original indirect method of determining the quality of drinking water, so far not recorded in the literature

Antiproliferative and antibacterial activity of some glutarimide derivatives

Antiproliferative and antibacterial activities of nine glutarimide derivatives (1–9) were reported. Cytotoxicity of compounds was tested toward three human cancer cell lines, HeLa, K562 and MDA-MB-453 by MTT assay. Compound 7 (2-benzyl-2-azaspiro[5.11]heptadecane-1,3,7-trione), containing 12-membered ketone ring, was found to be the most potent toward all tested cell lines (IC50 = 9–27 μM). Preliminary screening of antibacterial activity by a disk diffusion method showed that Gram-positive bacteria were more susceptible to the tested compounds than Gram-negative bacteria. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determined by a broth microdilution method confirmed that compounds 1, 2, 4, 6–8 and 9 inhibited the growth of all tested Gram-positive and some of the Gram-negative bacteria. The best antibacterial potential was achieved with compound 9 (ethyl 4-(1-benzyl-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)butanoate) against Bacillus cereus (MIC 0.625 mg/mL; 1.97 × 10−3 mol/L). Distinction between more and less active/inactive compounds was assessed from the pharmacophoric patterns obtained by molecular interaction fields

Green living roof implementation and influences of the soil layer on its properties

Affected by undeniable climatic change, the temperature of the urban areas rises continually, increasing rapidly the energy problem of cities and amplifying the pollution problems. The thermal stress is increased, thus both the indoor and the outdoor thermal comfort levels are decreased, enhancing the health problems. Green roof implementation in the building envelope is strategy that provides heat island amelioration, thermal comfort for occupants and reduces energy consumption of buildings. Green living roofs are a passive cooling technique, which can stop the incoming solar radiation from reaching the building structure below. In this paper, we assessed the importance of the green roofs in providing environmental and building energy benefits, and brief investigation on the different configuration of the soil layer in the green roof assembly influences to the temperature of the roof surface was presented. Investigation was conducted for first phase of the living roof growth. Four cells were designed in Solid Works software where the transient thermal study was performed in order to determine differences between the behavior of the conventional roof and three green roof types

Green living roof implementation and influences of the soil layer on its properties

Affected by undeniable climatic change, the temperature of the urban areas rises continually, increasing rapidly the energy problem of cities and amplifying the pollution problems. The thermal stress is increased, thus both the indoor and the outdoor thermal comfort levels are decreased, enhancing the health problems. Green roof implementation in the building envelope is strategy that provides heat island amelioration, thermal comfort for occupants and reduces energy consumption of buildings. Green living roofs are a passive cooling technique, which can stop the incoming solar radiation from reaching the building structure below. In this paper, we assessed the importance of the green roofs in providing environmental and building energy benefits, and brief investigation on the different configuration of the soil layer in the green roof assembly influences to the temperature of the roof surface was presented. Investigation was conducted for first phase of the living roof growth. Four cells were designed in Solid Works software where the transient thermal study was performed in order to determine differences between the behavior of the conventional roof and three green roof types

Effect of starter cultures on survival of Listeria monocytogenes in Cajna sausage

The aim of the study was to evaluate the survival of Listeria monocytogenes during the production of Cajna sausage with short maturation time. Sausage batter was inoculated with three different serotypes 4b and serotype 1/2. of L. monocytogenes. Control sausages were without any starter culture added; the second batch was inoculated with strains of Lactobacillus sakei, Staphylococcus carnosus and Staphylococcus xylosus, and the third batch was inoculated with strains of Debaryomyces hansenii, Lactobacillus sakei, Pediococcus acidilactici, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Staphylococcus carnosus and Staphylococcus xylosus. After 18 days of ripening, L. monocytogenes was not detected in any of the sausages, but during this fermentation and drying, the numbers of this pathogen was lower in the sausages inoculated with starter cultures

Ispitivanje kvaliteta podzemnih, izvorskih i rečnih voda sa područja jugoistočne Srbije

The study deals with mineral characterisation of natural waters from South-East Serbia. The contents of aluminium, arsenic, calcium, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, cooper, iron, potassium, magnesium, manganese, sodium, nickel, lead and zinc were analysed in spring, ground and river waters by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICPAES) technique. The study area was in the Southern Serbia, and included slopes of Rtanj, Ozren, Bukovik, Vrdenik and Čemernik mountains, and the valley of South Morava. Obtained contents were compared with Serbian regulations on the quality of water for human use, and directive of World Health Organization (WHO) for maximum allowed concentrations of chemical substances. High contents of macro-elements, namely calcium, magnesium and potassium, were detected in several spring and ground water samples which are believed to be due to direct influence of rock minerals. Some water samples contained iron, manganese and copper in concentration up to 168.3, 8.10 and 14.9 μg dm-3, respectively, but within the permissible limits. Other heavy metals were not detected in analysed samples. Based on the derived results, tested ground and spring water samples have significant potential to be used as sources for the production of bottled water, but further investigations are necessary. Additional investigations have to be focused on complete physical, chemical and microbiological assessments of water resources. Systematic hydrogeological assessment also should be performed in all seasons. In the meantime, precautionary measures should be immediately taken to protect and preserve these water resources.Ovaj rad predstavlja analizu kvaliteta prirodnih voda iz jugoistočne Srbije. Sadržaj arsena, aluminijuma, kalcijuma, kadmijuma, kobalta, hroma, bakra, gvožđa, kalijuma, magnezijuma, mangana, natrijuma, nikla, olova i cinka je određivan u izvorskim i podzemnim vodama, kao i u rečnoj vodi. Analiza navedenih elemenata je izvedena ICP-AES tehnikom. Analizirani su uzorci voda iz oblasti jugoistočne Srbije, uključujući područja planine Rtnja, Ozrena, Bukovika, Vrdenika i Čemernika, kao i područje doline reke Južne Morave. Određeni sadržaji analiziranih elemenata su poređeni sa važećim pravilnicima Republike Srbije i preporukama Svetske zdravstvene organizacije (SZO). Visoki sadržaj makro-elemenata, odnosno kalcijuma, magnezijuma i kalijuma uočeni su u izvorskim i nekoliko uzoraka podzemnih voda, što može biti posledica direktnog uticaja magmatskih stena. Pojedini uzorci voda su sadržali nešto više sadržaje gvožđa, mangana i bakra u koncentraciji do 168,3, 8,10 i 14,9 μg dm-3, redom, ali u granicama propisanim Pravilnikom i u skladu da preporukama SZO. Ostali teški metali nisu detektovani u ispitivanim uzorcima. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata se može zaključiti da testirani uzorci podzemnih i izvorskih voda imaju značajan potencijal u smislu proizvodnje flaširane vode, uz neophodna dodatna istraživanja. Dodatna istraživanja bi trebalo usmeriti na kompletnu hemijsku analizu i ispitivanje fizičkih i mikrobioloških karakteristika uzoraka voda. Pored toga, neophodno je sprovesti sistematsko hidrogeološko ispitivanje izdašnosti podzemnih i izvorskih voda tokom svih godišnjih doba. U međuvremenu treba preduzeti mere predostrožnosti kako bi se ovi vodeni resursi zaštitili i očuvali

Measurement of 60CO gamma radiation induced attenuation in multimode step-index POF at 530 nm

As optical fibres are used ever more extensively in space applications, nuclear industry, medicine and high-energy physics experiments, it has become essential to investigate the influence of ionizing radiation on their characteristics. In this work, the radiation-induced attenuation at 530 nm is investigated experimentally in step-index multimode polymethyl-methacrylate plastic optical fibres exposed to low dose-rate gamma radiation. Cumulative doses ranged from 50 Gy to 500 Gy. The radiation induced attenuation has been empirically found to obey the power law RIA= aDb, where D is the total radiation dose and a and b are the constants determined by fitting