Chemical profile and antioxidative activity of red wines obtained from autochthonous and international grape clone varieties

Ova doktorska disertacija fokusirana je na hemijsku i biološku karakterizaciju odabranih uzoraka crvenih vina. Akcenat je stavljen na hemijsku karakterizaciju klonskih sortnih vina vranac i merlo, kao i na procenu antioksidativne aktivnosti vina sorte merlo u ćelijama kvasca. Pored uobičajenih spektrofotometrijskih metoda, primenjene su elektrohemijske metode (ciklična voltametrija i klasična polarografija), kao i EPR spektroskopija. Tečnom hromatografijom sa ultraljubičastim detektorom sa nizom dioda (PDA) i masenim detektorom sa tri analizatora – trostruki kvadrupol (QQQ) određen je fenolni profil analiziranih uzoraka vina. Njihov elementalni profil je okarakterisan pomoću induktivno spregnute plazme kuplovane sa optičkom emsionom spektroskopijom (ICP-OES) ili masenom spektrometrijom (ICP-MS). Antiradikalske aktivnosti ispitane su i na fiziološki relevantnim slobodnim radikalima (hidroksil i superoksid anjon). Osim toga, utvrđena je i ukupna antioksidativnost, kao i druge biološke aktivnosti (citotoksična i antibakterijska aktivnost) odgovarajućih uzoraka vina. Eksperiment na bazi vinskog kvasca je obuhvatio određivanje koncentracije proteina, ukupnih grupa –SH, kao i enzimskih aktivnosti (glutation peroksidaza, glutation reduktaza i katalaza). Eksperimentalno dobijeni podaci za klonska sortna vina merlo ukazuju na poseban doprinos glutation peroksidaze preživljavanju ćelija kvasca u uslovima oksidativnog stresa. Konačno, primenom veštačke neuronske mreže (ANN) razvijena je brza i precizna metoda za predviđanje uticaja malih promena u vinskom fenolnom profilu na aktivnosti istaknutih enzima antioksidativne zaštite. Svi protokoli u okviru ove disertacije mogu se primeniti kako na crvena, tako i na bela i roze vina.This doctoral dissertation focuses on the chemical and biological characterisation of selected red wine samples. Emphasis is placed on the chemical characterisation of clonal wines of Vranac and Merlot varieties, as well as on the evaluation of the antioxidant activity of Merlot wines in yeast cells. In addition to the usual spectrophotometric methods, electrochemical methods (cyclic voltammetry and classical polarography) as well as EPR spectroscopy were also applied. Phenolic profile of the analysed wine samples was determined using liquid chromatography with a multi-diode (PDA) ultraviolet detector and a triple quadrupole (QQQ) mass detector. The elemental profile is characterised by inductively coupled plasma coupled with optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) or mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Antiradical activities were also screened for physiologically relevant free radicals (hydroxyl and superoxide anion). In addition, total antioxidant activity as well as other biological activities (cytotoxic and antibacterial activity) of the respective wine samples were determined. The wine yeast experiment involved determining the concentration of proteins, total groups –SH, as well as enzymatic activities (glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and catalase). The experimentally obtained data for clonal Merlot wine varieties indicate a particular contribution of glutathione peroxidase to the survival of yeast cells under oxidative stress conditions. Finally, using an artificial neural network (ANN), a rapid and accurate method was developed to predict the effect of small changes in the wine phenolic profile on the activities of prominent antioxidant enzymes. All protocols within this dissertation can be applied on white and rose wines as well

Chemical profile and antioxidative activity of red wines obtained from autochthonous and international grape clone varieties

Ova tema je fokusirana na hemijsku i biološku karakterizaciju odabranih uzoraka crvenih vina. Akcenat je stavljen na hemijsku karakterizaciju klonskih sortnih vina vranac i merlo, kao i na procenu antioksidativne aktivnosti merlo vina u ćelijama kvasca. U radu su primenjene brojne analitičke tehnike za određivanje koncentracije fenolnih jedinjenja, elementalnog sastava i in vitro antioksidativnu aktivnosti ispitivanih uzoraka (spektrofotometrija, ciklična voltametrija, klasična polarografija, EPR spektroskopija, LC-MS/MS, ICP-OES i ICP-MS). Pored antioksidativne, ispitane su i citotoksična i antibakterijska aktivnost odgovarajućih uzoraka vina. Eksperiment na bazi vinskog kvasca je obuhvatio određivanje ukupnih –SH grupa, kao i enzimskih aktivnosti glutation peroksidaze, glutation reduktaze i katalaze. Eksperimentalno dobijeni podaci za klonska sortna vina merlo ukazuju na poseban doprinos glutation peroksidaze preživljavanju ćelija kvasca u uslovima oksidativnog stresa. Konačno, primenom veštačke neuronske mreže razvijena je brza i precizna metoda za predviđanje uticaja malih promena u vinskom fenolnom profilu na aktivnosti istaknutih enzima antioksidativne zaštite.This topic focuses on the chemical and biological characterization of selected red wine samples. Emphasis is placed on the chemical characterisation of clonal wines of Vranac and Merlot varieties, as well as on the evaluation of the antioxidant activity of Merlot wines in yeast cells. Numerous analytical techniques were used to determine the concentration of phenolic compounds, elemental composition and in vitro antioxidant activity of the tested samples (spectrophotometry, cyclic voltammetry, classical polarography, EPR spectroscopy, LC-MS/MS, ICP-OES and ICP-MS). In addition, total antioxidant activity, cytotoxic and antibacterial activity of the respective wine samples were determined. The wine yeast experiment involved determining the total groups –SH, as well as enzymatic activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and catalase. The experimentally obtained data for clonal Merlot wine varieties indicate a particular contribution of glutathione peroxidase to the survival of yeast cells under oxidative stress conditions. Finally, using an artificial neural network (ANN), a rapid and accurate method was developed to predict the effect of small changes in the wine phenolic profile on the activities of prominent antioxidant enzymes

Slabost prostornog planiranja u Srbiji na primeru planiranja prostornog razvoja pogranične zone prema Bugarskoj

Uncertainty is the only thing we can count on in Serbia nowadays. It seems that never-ending transition and predominant neoliberal concepts in both economical and social issues are still leaning our spatial planning system against the wall. Moreover, nothing is clean from the planners' point of view: who are the main actors and referees, which are the rules of the planning game, and even where the playground boundaries are. Spatial planning has always been a kind of calculated risk, but here and now it seems like it is just pure and simple risk. The situation is critical on all levels, from national straight to local, due to the absence of the regional level. Most of the spatial planning institutions adhere to a traditional rigid planning model, which is deterministic, inflexible, with fixed land use regulations. The spatial planning system is predominantly planners' centered, implying that it is the planner who identifies the problems and seeks planning alternatives rooted exclusively in rational methods and objective determinants. There is little, or no room for different interests and ideas and consequently, hardly any room for various stakeholders and shareholders to take part in the planning process and the ensuing implementation phase. All these weaknesses are even more obvious when shown on the particular example: development planning of bolder area of Serbia toward Bulgaria. This paper deals with the basic social and economic frame in which planning is performed in Serbia in recent years together with the main problems within the planning practice itself, shown in the mentioned case study. It also argues for the necessary changes aiming to increase the spatial planning system efficiency.Nesigurnost je jedina stvar na koju se danas može računati u Srbiji. Utisak je da su tranzicija kojoj CE ne vidi kraj i dominirajući neoliberalni koncept u ekonomskoj i socijalnoj sferi bukvalno priterali sistem prostornog planiranja uza zid. Štaviše, sa stanovišta planera gotovo da ništa nije jasno: ko su glavni učesnici u planiranju, ko donosi odluke, koja su pravila igre pa čak i gde su granice igrališta. Prostorno planiranje je, doduše, uvek predstavljalo jedan oblik proračunatog rizika, ali danas i ovde je ono prost i čist rizik. Situacija je kritična na svim nivoima planiranja, od nacionalnog, preko regionalnog do lokalnog. Sadašnja praksa planiranja u Srbiji je planer-centrična, u smislu da gotovo isključivo planeri identifikuju probleme u prostoru i nude alternative za njihovo rešavanje. Premalo je mesta ostavljeno za drugačije interese i ideje, međusektosku koordinaciju i sinhronizaciju partnerstva između javnog i privatnog sektora. Konsekventno, premalo je mesta ostavljeno za građane, intresne grupe i organizacije da u procesu planiranja učestvuju, te da učestvuju i u procesu planske implementacije. Dobar primer autističnosti sistema planiranja u Srbiji je planiranje pogranične zone prema Bugarskoj. U ovom radu su prikazani socijalni i ekonomski okvir u kome planiranje u Srbiji danas deluje skupa sa problemima koji su se mogli identifikovati unutar struke, plastično ilustrovani na pomenutoj studiji slučaja. Pored ovog, u radu se pledira za uvođenje nephodnih promena koje bi sistem prostornog planiranja učinile efikasnijim

Chemical profile and antioxidative activity of red wines obtained from autochthonous and international grape clone varieties

Ova tema je fokusirana na hemijsku i biološku karakterizaciju odabranih uzoraka crvenih vina. Akcenatje stavljen na hemijsku karakterizaciju klonskih sortnih vina vranac i merlo, kao i na procenu antioksidativneaktivnosti merlo vina u ćelijama kvasca. U radu su primenjene brojne analitičke tehnike zaodređivanje koncentracije fenolnih jedinjenja, elementalnog sastava i in vitro antioksidativnu aktivnostiispitivanih uzoraka (spektrofotometrija, ciklična voltametrija, klasična polarografija, EPR spektroskopija,LC-MS/MS, ICP-OES i ICP-MS). Pored antioksidativne, ispitane su i citotoksična i antibakterijska aktivnost odgovarajućihuzoraka vina. Eksperiment na bazi vinskog kvasca je obuhvatio određivanje ukupnih –SHgrupa, kao i enzimskih aktivnosti glutation peroksidaze, glutation reduktaze i katalaze. Eksperimentalnodobijeni podaci za klonska sortna vina merlo ukazuju na poseban doprinos glutation peroksidaze preživljavanjućelija kvasca u uslovima oksidativnog stresa. Konačno, primenom veštačke neuronske mreže razvijenaje brza i precizna metoda za predviđanje uticaja malih promena u vinskom fenolnom profilu naaktivnosti istaknutih enzima antioksidativne zaštite.This topic focuses on the chemical and biological characterization of selected red wine samples. Emphasisis placed on the chemical characterisation of clonal wines of Vranac and Merlot varieties, as well ason the evaluation of the antioxidant activity of Merlot wines in yeast cells. Numerous analytical techniqueswere used to determine the concentration of phenolic compounds, elemental composition and invitro antioxidant activity of the tested samples (spectrophotometry, cyclic voltammetry, classical polarography,EPR spectroscopy, LC-MS/MS, ICP-OES and ICP-MS). In addition, total antioxidant activity, cytotoxicand antibacterial activity of the respective wine samples were determined. The wine yeast experimentinvolved determining the total groups –SH, as well as enzymatic activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathionereductase and catalase. The experimentally obtained data for clonal Merlot wine varieties indicatea particular contribution of glutathione peroxidase to the survival of yeast cells under oxidative stress conditions.Finally, using an artificial neural network (ANN), a rapid and accurate method was developed to predictthe effect of small changes in the wine phenolic profile on the activities of prominent antioxidantenzymes

PERCEPTION OF COMMUNICATION BETWEEN DOCTORS AND PATIENTS - ON-LINE RESEARCH AMONG DOCTORS IN CROATIA

Background: Different studies clearly show that doctor-patient relationship and communication are extremely important. They have a big influence on the outcome of medical treatment, but also on the cooperability, quality of life, safety of patients, teamwork, cultural sensitivity and fewer complaints to the doctor’s work. In this paper, we present results of our original research about attitudes of doctors and their perception related to the importance of communication between doctors and patients and personcentered approach. Subjects and methods: This cross-sectional study used a 28 items on-line survey to collect data from doctors in the period from 29 September 2015 till 23 November 2015 by using the Google forms. Total of 939 doctors from the entire Croatia responded. Results: Main results of the study suggest that doctors are aware of the importance of communication between doctors and patients and that education about communication skills was not appropriate during their study. Doctors have undoubtedly expressed their desire for further development and learning about a better communication between doctors and patients and they have showed in this research that they love their job. Conclusion: The research unambiguously speaks in favor of the need of the significant strengthening of this segment within the program of the School of Medicine and support the current changes in the medical curriculum at the School of medicine University of Zagre

THE ROLE OF PTSD IN PERCEPTION OF HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE AND SOCIAL SUPPORT AMONG CROATIAN WAR VETERANS

Background: Different studies clearly show that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is important factor in a reduction of the overall quality of life. PTSD remains a substantial problem in Croatia, nearly three decades after the beginning of the Croatia n Homeland war. In this paper, we present results of our original research about impact of PTSD on the self-perceived health-rela ted quality of life and social support in Croatian Homeland war veterans. Subjects and methods: A total of 277 war veterans were included from all Croatian counties. 158 (57.03%) veterans has PTSD and 119 (42.47%) are without PTSD. Strucured questionnaire was designed for socio-demographic data and information about combat experience and health problems. SF-36 was used in the estimation of health-related quality of life and Multidimesional S cale for Perceived Social Support for estimation of social support. Research was performed from June 2017 till November 2017. Results: Main results of the study suggest that Croatian veterans with PTSD have lower health-related quality of life in almost all doimains, and that they perceive less social support from family, friends and significant others in comparison to veterans without PTSD. Conclusion: The results of this study reiterate strong impact of PTSD on quality of life and perception of social support. The research speaks in favor of the need to develop person-centered interdisciplinry health-care programs for this population, with special emphasis on their overall quality of life

How Supplementation with SOD-Rich Plant Extract, Combined with Gliadin, Can Affect Oxidative Stress Markers and Zonulin Levels in Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to investigate the influence of supplementation with a superoxide dismutase (SOD)-rich plant extract on markers of oxidative stress, zonulin levels and the performance of elite athletes. Participants were 30 international-level rowers, divided into an experimental group (n = 15) and a control group (n = 15). The rowers performed a maximal effort incremental test on a rowing ergometer at the beginning and at the end of the study. Markers of oxidative stress (total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs), malondialdehyde (MDA), sulfhydryl (SH) groups, bilirubin, uric acid, albumin and zonulin) were determined in serum. A lower TOS (p = 0.010) and OSI (p = 0.004), a lower MDA (p = 0.001) and a higher level of SH groups (p = 0.031) were observed in the experimental group after supplementation. Physical performance was evaluated through metabolic efficiency, taking lactate levels and power output on the ergometer into account. After 6 weeks of supplementation, the relative increase in metabolic efficiency at a 4 mmol/L lactate concentration and maximal effort was significantly higher in the experimental group (p = 0.004 and p = 0.015, respectively). These results suggest that supplementation with a SOD-rich extract promotes lower oxidative stress, better antioxidant protection and, consequently, the better work performance of athletes

Effects of 6-Week Supplementation with GliSODin on Parameters of Muscle Damages, Metabolic, and Work Performance at International Level Rowers after Specific Maximal Effort

This study aimed to investigate the effect of supplementation with plant origin superoxide dismutase (SOD), GliSODin, on parameters of muscle damage, metabolic, and work performance at international level rowers. Twenty-eight rowers were included in a randomized, double-blind study. The study was conducted during a 6-week preparation period. At the beginning of the study and after 6 weeks of the supplementation period, all rowers were tested on a rowing ergometer. Blood samples were taken from the antecubital vein before and after every ergometer testing. Muscle damage markers creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), inflammation parameters interleukin-6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured. Rowing performance was assessed by lactate level in capillary blood and power output on the rowing ergometer. After supplementation, experimental group had significantly lower CK (p = 0.049) and IL-6 (p = 0.035) before and IL-6 (p = 0.050) after exhausting exercise on ergometer. Relative change of power output at 4 mmol/L concentration of lactate in blood, considering the initial and final test, was significantly higher (p = 0.020) in the supplemented group. It was concluded that GliSODin could be considered a good supplement in preventing some deleterious effects of intensive physical activity, including inflammation and muscle damage, and consequently, to enable a better rowing performance of elite rowers

Suplementacija magnezijuma i status gvožđa kod studentkinja - studija intervencije

Abstract Background: Literature data indicate the benefit of magnesium (Mg) supplementation. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of short-term Mg supplementation on iron status in healthy female participants. Methods: One hundred healthy female students of the University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy participated the study during eleven intervention days. Students ingested Mg preparations with the same dose of the active substance. The analysis included the measurement of serum iron, unsaturated iron binding capacity (UIBC), total iron binding capacity (TIBC), total Mg (tMg), ionized Mg (iMg), complete blood count, met-, carboxy- and oxy-haemoglobin (metHgb, COHgb, O2Hgb). Transferrin concentrations and percentage of transferrin saturation (SAT) were calculated manually. The association among the analyzed biochemical parameters was examined using polynomial regression. A principal component analysis (PCA) was used for the evaluation of interdependence between the analyzed parameters. Results: A statistically significant trend for change in O2Hgb (%) by tertiles of iMg concentrations was found (P = 0.029). Serum tMg reached significant positive correlation with the SAT at concentration levels greater than 0.9 mmol/L, after 11 days of intervention (R2=0.116). Ionized Mg in a concentration higher than 0.6 mmol/L is positively correlated with SAT and serum Fe (R2=0.214; 0.199, respectively). PCA revealed variability of 64.7% for two axes after 11 days. Conclusions: Mg supplementation leads to an improvement in the certain iron status parameters even in individuals with optimal levels of these indices. However, caution should be exercised when supplementing Mg, and laboratory monitoring of the interaction is required.Uvod: Literaturni podaci ukazuju na benefit suplementacije magnezijumom (Mg). Cilj ove studije bio je da se ispita uticaj kratkotrajne suplementacije Mg na status gvožđa kod zdravih žena. Metode: Sto zdravih studentkinja Univerzitet u Beogradu - Farmaceutskog fakulteta je učestvovalo u istraživanju tokom jedanaest dana intervencije. Studenti su uzimali preparate Mg sa istom dozom aktivne supstance. U serumu je određivano gvožđe, nezasićen kapacitet vezivanja gvožđa (UIBC), ukupan kapacitet vezivanja gvožđa (TIBC), ukupan Mg (tMg), jonizovni Mg (iMg), kompletna krvna slika, met-, karboksiioksihemoglobin (metHgb, COHgb, O2Hgb). Transferin i saturacija transferina (SAT) su izračunati ručno. Povezanost analiziranih biohemijskih parametara je ispitana pomoću polinomalne regresije. Za procenu međuzavisnosti između analiziranih parametara korišćena je analiza glavnih komponenti (PCA). Rezultati: Utvrđen je statistički značajan trend promene O2Hgb (%) po tertilima koncentracija iMg (P = 0,029). Ukupan Mg je dostigao značajnu pozitivnu korelaciju sa SAT pri koncentracijama većim od 0,9 mmol/L, nakon 11 dana intervencije (R2 = 0,116). Jonizovani Mg u koncentraciji većoj od 0,6 mmol/L pozitivno korelira sa SAT i gvožđem (R2 = 0,214; 0,199, redom). PCA analizom je pokazana varijabilnost od 64,7% za dve ose nakon 11 dana. Zaključak: Suplementacija Mg dovodi do poboljšanja određenih parametara statusa gvožđa čak i kod pojedinaca sa optimalnim nivoima ovih parametara. Međutim treba biti oprezan pri suplementaciji Mg, a dodatno je neophodno i laboratorijsko praćenje ovih interakcija