Backward Stochastic Differential Equations with interaction

In this paper backward stochastic differential equations with interaction (shorter BSDEs with interaction) are introduced. Far to our knowledge, this type of equation is not seen in the literature before. Existence and uniqueness result for BSDE with interaction is proved under version of Lipschitz condition with respect to Wasserstein distance. Such kind of BSDE arises naturally when considering Monge-Kantorovich problem. In the proof we start from discrete measures using known result of Pardoux and Peng and approximate general measure via Wasserstein distance

Mogućnost primene tehnologije Veb 2.0 u nastavi gramatike engleskog jezika

This doctoral thesis is a theoretical and an empirical research describing and examining a certain number of technological tools known as Web 2.0, which might improve the process of English language teaching (ELT) considerably. Furthermore, the possibility of their application in the process of teaching the grammar of English language as a foreign language has been attempted by means of three tools, PBworks, Hot Potatoes and Dvolver. With the aim to illustrate the use of Web 2.0 in ELT, the possibility of applying the mentioned tools in the process of teaching a single grammar segment, the meaning of modal verbs, has been tested at the tertiary level of academic studies at two English language departments. Since this research is designed both as a theoretical and an empirical investigation, several objectives had to be set including a theoretical review as well as an empirical validation of the hypothesis at the level of applied linguistics. A detailed review of theoretical approaches and techniques as well as their importance in the area of ELT methodology has been provided in the second chapter. In addition, the chapter provides a review of methods and techniques used in the process of teaching English language gramar in general, of modal verbs in particular and a review of the relevant literature related to the application of Web 2.0 tools. The third chapter presents the experiment conducted to illustrate the application of the suggested Web 2.0 tools in a real teaching context along with an adequate analysis of the collected results. The conclusions drawn from the collected and analysed results are presented in the fourth chapter. In order to support the conclusions, apart from the data collected in the experiment, another set of data collected from a questionnaire completed by the participants in the experiment has been provided in this chapter. Finally, a section on practical suggestions related to a broader application of Web 2.0 tools in ELT has also been included here. Based on this research, the hypothesis defined at the beginning of this doctoral thesis could be confirmed completely. The basic hypothesis that Web 2.0 tools as one type of technology used in the ELT process, that this process can be improved considerably and that the performance of the students can be furthered could be confirmed as well. Moreover, it could be confirmed that due to being accessible and easy to use, Web 2.0 tools can be incorporated in the ELT process rather quickly and easily, thus contributing to the improvement of the process and facilitate student performance in all areas of contemporary English language. Based on this doctoral thesis, especially on the segment included in the research, it has been possible to identify and define several critical points related to the application of Web 2.0 tools. The collected results and the conclusions drawn from them may serve as an incentive in the further development of a system of application of technology in ELT in a broader and wider sense

Computer assisted learning as student’s choice: potential strategy to improve motivation in english language learning

Na osnovu teorije o samodeterminaciji motivacija učenika se može unaprediti tako što bi se učenicima dozvolio određeni nivo autonomije u odnosu na proces odlučivanja u nastavnoj praksi, tj. tako što bi im se dozvolio izbor u iniciranju i upravljanju sopstvenim aktivnostima. Cilj ovog istraživanja je da se ispita uticaj primene računara u nastavi jezika (CALL – Computer Assisted Language Learning) na nivo motivacije 50 univerzitetskih studenata koji uče engleski jezik kao strani (EFL – English as a Foreign Language) i to kao četvorosemestralni kurs tokom koga studenti u nastavi koriste računar po sopstvenom izboru (CALL). Hipoteza od koje se polazi jeste da će nivo motivacije biti povećan ukoliko se učenicima koji uče engleski jezik kao strani (EFL) dozvoli da sami izaberu da koriste računar (CALL) kao željeno okruženje za učenje. Na ovaj način će im biti obezbeđeni uslovi u kojima oni mogu da motivišu sebe i dostignu ishode učenja. Na osnovu tronedeljnog kvazieksperimenta, kontrolna grupa je redovnu nastavu engleskog jezika kao stranog imala u konvencionalnim uslovima (nastava licem u lice, bela tabla i materijal na papiru), dok je eksperimentalna grupa redovnu nastavu pohađala u okruženju u kome su po sopstvenom izboru koristili računar (CALL), pri čemu je materijal za učenje prilagođen kombinaciji nastave licem u lice i onlajn nastavi. Prateći principe istraživanja uz ponovljena merenja, na osnovu pet upitnika koji su sadržali pitanja zatvorenog tipa i grupne diskusije nakon eksperimenta, evaluacija i analiza motivacije učesnika potvrdila je znatno uvećanje pozitivnog stava prema učenju u grupi u kojoj su studenti koristili računar (CALL) (od 45,0% na 86,0%). Grupna diskusija je ukazala na to da je 76% učesnika iz kontrolne grupe zažalilo što se nije opredelilo za korišćenje računara u nastavi (CALL). Rezultati upućuju na to da bi institucije trebalo da razmotre uključivanje svojih učenika u proces odlučivanja kada je reč o okruženju za učenje, tipu i modelu instrukcije, stilovima, strategijama i dr. Na taj način bi nastava pomogla učenicima da shvate korist koju bi imali od sopstvenih izbora i motivisala bi ih da rade više, što bi pozitivno uticalo na ishode nastave.Based on the Self Determination Theory, students’ motivation may be increased by allowing them a certain level of autonomy with respect to decision-making in the teaching and learning process, i.e. by allowing a choice in initiating and regulating their own actions. The aim of this research is to explore the impact of Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) on the motivation level of 50 third-year university students who study English as a foreign language (EFL) as a four-semester course, when the CALL environment is the students’ choice. The hypothesis is that the level of motivation will be increased if EFL students are allowed to choose CALL as a preferred learning environment. This will provide setting within which the students can motivate themselves and achieve a more successful learning outcome. Based on a three-week quasi-experiment, the control group received their regular EFL instruction in a conventional classroom (face-to-face instruction, white board and hard copy material) and the experimental group received their regular EFL instruction within a CALL environment where the learning material was adjusted to a combination of face-to-face and online teaching. Following the principles of repeated measures research design based on five close-ended questionnaires and a group discussion after the experiment, evaluation and analysis of the participants’ motivation confirmed a noticeable increase regarding the learners’ positive attitude to learning in the CALL group (from 45.0% to 86.0%). The group discussion indicated that 76% of the participants in the control group regretted not opting for CALL. The results indicate that institutions should consider including their students in decision-making process regarding the learning environment, type and mode of instruction, styles, strategies, etc. In that way, the teaching process would help learners realize the benefits of their own choices and motivate them for working harder. This would have a positive impact on the outcomes of teaching and learning process.Knjiga rezimea, 25. Međunarodna naučna konferencija "Pedagoška istraživanja i školska praksaBook of abstracts / 25th International Scientific Conference "Educational Research and School Practice

The power of inadequate language representation in legal procedures: monolingualism against human rights

Ponència presentada a: Language, Literature, Power (Online Conference), 6-7 May, 2022. Faculty of Philosophy, University of Niš, Serbia.International instruments have long recognized the power of languages and established measures to mitigate and prevent the harm of language deprivation. Indeed, linguistic rights have increasingly been recognized as human rights. In a number of contexts, the effective realization of the most basic linguistic rights depends on the translation from a minority to a dominant language. Legal proceedings are an example, and the European Convention on Human Rights (Article 6) enshrines the right to interpretation and translation for those who do not speak or understand the language of the proceedings. However, monolingual ideologies still loom large on societies, resulting in a number of inadequacies that deprive the speakers of languages socially classified as minor of the necessary resources to enjoy their rights. This contribution will tackle two different contexts, Kosovo, and the Valencian country. Despite the legal obligation to avoid discrimination of speakers of non-dominant languages, judiciary practices discourage and endanger the maintenance and development of the regional and minority languages in both settings. This chapter addresses the lack of maturity of judiciary translation policies focusing on the accuracy, quality, and availability of translation, or lack thereof. In that way, we will show that from translator training to quality standards, societies’ preparedness vis-à-vis their increasing diversity requires improvement

The motives for service users visiting the wellness centres in Slovenia

The word “wellness” is usually used to indicate a healthy balance of the mind, the body and the spirit that results in an overall feeling of the well-being. The wellness centers have become an inseparable part of the hotel facilities, at the instance of the users who come to these centers because of different motives. The purpose of this research is to examine the characteristics of a healthy-living market segment and its motivational behavior to wellness facilities in Slovenia. Hence, the objectives of this research are as follows: to identify the motivational characteristics of the tourists visiting the wellness centers and to study the relationship between the tourists’ healthy-living behavioral patterns and the motivational behavior in relation to the wellness facilities in Slovenia

The effect of genetic parameters on inheritance of the first pod hight in snap bean - Phaseolus vulgaris L.

In order to research the inheritance, gene effect, combination abilities and genetic variance components, we investigated six divergent snap bean genotypes (Supernor, Darija, Grinkrop, Palanačka rana, Šumadinka and Zora) and their F1 progeny created by diallel crossing without reciprocals. For the trait of height of forming the first pod, variance of average value of parents and hybrids was highly significant. The value of dominant components (H1 and H2) was higher than additive component (D), meaning that dominant genes control the inheritance of number of pods per plant. The average level of domination √Hl/D is higher than 1, pointing to superdomination. Heritability in broader sence amounts 90% pointing to high contribution in inheriting the number of pods per plant

Tipovi regiona u Srbiji i njihova teritorijalna neusklađenost

Regionalization of Serbia, as an instruments whose adequate use would contribute to a decrease in interregional differences in development of certain parts, represents a complex task, which is only to some extent finished by adopting bigger territorial parts in Serbia. This work is made for the purpose of presenting the problems with regional planning process deriving from inconsistency which exists between administrative territorial organization into districts of the Republic of Serbia and functional areas of regional centers defined by The Spatial Plan of the Republic of Serbia, issued in 1996, then functional urban areas presented in The Strategy of Spatial Development of the Republic of Serbia in 2009-2013-2020 and in The Draft Law of Spatial Plan of the Republic of Serbia in 2010-2014-2021. Moreover, the work compares the above mentioned spatial areas with planned regions, for which the drawing up of regional spatial plans is scheduled, namely with statistical macroregions, whose defining is one of the recently adopted decisions in the Republic of Serbia. The aim of pointing out to the above mentioned inconsistency in so far used concepts of regionalization, is to contribute to the quality of regional planning of development, as well as to finding solutions which would refer to establishing borders of smaller, meso-regional totalities, and also to the determination of authorities of both middle levels of administration in our country. .Regionalizacija Srbije, kao jedan od instrumenata čija bi adekvatna primena i korišćenje doprineli smanjenju međuregionanih razlika u stepenu razvijenosti, predstavlja kompleksan zadatak koji je samo donekle okončan usvajanjem većih teritorijalnih celina Srbije. Cilj rada je da ukaže na probleme u procesu regionalnog planiranja koji proističu iz izvesnih nepoklapanja koja postoje između administrativno teritorijalne podele Republike Srbije na okruge i funkcionalnih područja regionalnih centara definisanih Prostornim planom Republike Srbije iz 1996, a zatim funkcionalno urbanih područja prezentovanih u Strategiji prostornog razvoja Republike Srbije 2009-2013-2020, odnosno u Nacrtu Prostornog plana Republike Srbije 2010-2014-2021. godine. Osim toga, rad poredi pomenute prostorne celine sa planskim regionima za koje je predviđena izrada regionalnih prostornih planova, odnosno, sa statističkim makro-regionima čije definisanje predstavlja jedno od najnovijih usvojenih rešenja Republike Srbije. Ukazivanje na navedene neusklađenosti koje su postojale u do sada primenjenim konceptima regionalizacije, ima za cilj da doprinese kako kvalitetu planiranja regionalnog razvoja tako i definisanju rešenja koja će se odnositi na određivanje granica manjih, mezo-regionalnih celina, kao i na utvrđivanje nadležnosti oba srednja nivoa upravljanja u našoj zemlji.

Regional inequality in Serbia as a development problem

The aim of this paper, in the context of the contemporary socio-economic changes in Serbia, is to consider changes in the regional development policy, and therefore in the approach to underdeveloped areas. A special attention is paid to regional inequality as a developmental problem since it directly influences the integrative processes, violating them, and therefore leads to side effects (economic, social, demographic, ecological, spatial, etc.). In Serbia, traditionally undeveloped areas (rural, hilly-mountainous and border/peripheral) have formed during a longer historical period, contrary to the new types of areas - municipalities (“devastated areas”) that are connected to the transition period (“transition poverty”). Both appeared by cause and effect reaction to natural, socio-economic, social, demographic, cultural-civilizational and political factors

Hydro energy potential - the most reliable and the increasingly necessary renewable source of energy

U svetu se odigravaju nepovoljni procesi u energetici: nedovoljno prostudirano se uvode u pogon velike snage obnovljivih izvora energije čija je raspoloživost vrlo promenljiva i nepredvidiva, zatvaraju se velike termoelektrane i nuklearne elektrane koje su obezbeđivale stabilnost i pouzdanost elektroenergetskih sistema, iz političkih razloga se prekidaju transferi energije i uvoz nekih ključnih energenata (prirodni gas, ugalj, nafta). Ti procesi radikalno menjaju ulogu hidroelektrana u elektroenergetskim sistemima. Sve vrste hidroelektana dobijaju na posebnom značaju, a posebno akumulacione hidroelektrane velikih instalisanih snaga. Značajno se povećava njihova uloga u regulaciji i obezbeđivanju pouzdanosti elektroenergetskih sistema. Zbog regulacije sistema u uslovima nagle promenljivosti snaga elektrana koje koriste vetar i Sunce, pored akumulacionih hidroelektrana velikih snaga, veliki značaj dobijaju i reverzibilne, pumpno akumulacione hidroelektrane. U članku se razmatraju procesi u svetu na planu hidroenergetike, raspoloživi hidroenergetski potencijali Srbije, kao i realne mogućnosti za njihovu realizaciju. Prikazuju se ključni hidroenergetski sistemi koji su preostali za izgradnju. Ukazuje se na neophodnost da se metodološki jasno razgraniči koji energetski izvori spadaju zaista u klasu obnovljivih izvora energije, i koji zaista doprinose smanjenju emisije gasova staklene bašte. Posebno se naglašava značaj da se prostornim planovina svih nivoa definišu i obezbede od devastacije i zauzeća prostori koji su neophodni za realizaciju hidroenergestkih sistema.Several unfavorable processes are taking place in the field of energy: large capacities of renewable energy sources (with variable and unpredictable availability) are being put into operation without detailed analises of its influence on electric power systems (EPS), large thermal and nuclear power plants (those who ensured the stability and reliability of EPS) are being closed, energy transmission systems are being cut off for political reasons as well as the import of some most important energy sources (natural gas, coal, oil). Those processes significantly change the role of hydropower plants in the EPS. All types of hydropower plants are becoming specialy important, especially those with water storage reservoirs and large installed capacities. Their role in regulating and ensuring the reliability of EPSs is significantly increasing. Beside the storage hydropower plants, pumped-storage hydropower plants become more important due to their possibilities to regulate the system in conditions of sudden changes of the power of wind and solar power plants,. The article discusses the processes in the world in terms of hydropower, the available hydropower potential in Serbia, as well as the real possibilities for its utilization. The most important hydropower systems remaining for construction are presented in the article. It is pointed out the necessity to clearly delineate which energy sources are really renewable and which contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas. The importance of spatial planning which should protect the spaces necessary for the construction of hydropower systems is particularly emphasized