Outline design of compact GNC module for missile flight control purposes

Da bi se obezbedilo da vođeni projektil bide u mogućnosti da prati unapred zadatu putanju leta velika količina sofisticirane opreme mora da bude uključena u to. Sa praktične tačke gledišta i ako to konstrukcija projektila dozvoljava, neophodni podsistemi koji moraju da budu korišćeni za upravljanje letom projektila trebalo bi da budu zasebna celina (jedan segment / modul projektila). Ukoliko je to prihvatljiv koncept, dva problema treba da budu rešena tokom projektovanja: postizanje zadovoljavajućeg odnosa između korisnog tereta (bojeva glava) i ukupne težine projektila (uključujući odgovarajuće podsisteme za vođenje, navigaciju i upravljanje) i minimizacija / optimizacija iskorišćenog prostora. Koncepcija kompaktnog modula za vođenje /engl.: Guidance/, navigaciju /engl.: Navigation/ i upravljanje /engl. Control/ (skraćeno: GNC modul) koji se sastoji od pomenutih podsistema je prezentovana u ovom radu.To ensure that the guided rocket missile could be in position to follow predefined flight trajectory, a lot of very sophisticated equipment has to be involved in. From a practical point of view and if the general design of the missile allows that, the necessary subsystems to be used in missile flight control purposes have to be assembled as a separate whole (one segment /module of the missile). If this concept is acceptable, two problems have to be solved during the designing: achieving of the satisfactory ratio between load capacity (warhead) and total weight of the missile (that includes the appropriate subsystems for guidance, navigation and control of the missile too) and minimization /optimization of the used space. The outline design of compact Guidance, Navigation and Control Module (short: GNC Module) which consists of the subsystems mentioned before is presented in this paper

Outline design of compact GNC module for missile flight control purposes

Da bi se obezbedilo da vođeni projektil bide u mogućnosti da prati unapred zadatu putanju leta velika količina sofisticirane opreme mora da bude uključena u to. Sa praktične tačke gledišta i ako to konstrukcija projektila dozvoljava, neophodni podsistemi koji moraju da budu korišćeni za upravljanje letom projektila trebalo bi da budu zasebna celina (jedan segment / modul projektila). Ukoliko je to prihvatljiv koncept, dva problema treba da budu rešena tokom projektovanja: postizanje zadovoljavajućeg odnosa između korisnog tereta (bojeva glava) i ukupne težine projektila (uključujući odgovarajuće podsisteme za vođenje, navigaciju i upravljanje) i minimizacija / optimizacija iskorišćenog prostora. Koncepcija kompaktnog modula za vođenje /engl.: Guidance/, navigaciju /engl.: Navigation/ i upravljanje /engl. Control/ (skraćeno: GNC modul) koji se sastoji od pomenutih podsistema je prezentovana u ovom radu.To ensure that the guided rocket missile could be in position to follow predefined flight trajectory, a lot of very sophisticated equipment has to be involved in. From a practical point of view and if the general design of the missile allows that, the necessary subsystems to be used in missile flight control purposes have to be assembled as a separate whole (one segment /module of the missile). If this concept is acceptable, two problems have to be solved during the designing: achieving of the satisfactory ratio between load capacity (warhead) and total weight of the missile (that includes the appropriate subsystems for guidance, navigation and control of the missile too) and minimization /optimization of the used space. The outline design of compact Guidance, Navigation and Control Module (short: GNC Module) which consists of the subsystems mentioned before is presented in this paper

Upravljanje elektro-mehaničkim pokretačem za primjene u zrakoplovnim sustavima

The paper mainly focuses two major areas of electromechanical actuator system composed of power screw, spur gear train and Brushless DC Servo Motor. First it describes control of electromechanical actuator system with three level of current controller which is composed of power amplifier, DSP module and interfacing circuitry. The non-linear model of the three level controllers developed in SIMULINK environment is presented. A second point which was included in this study is the comparison of two control strategies i.e. three level controller and PWM current controller. The main outcomes of the study is that three level controller is simple in construction and much more stable. This is much suitable for higher reduction systems, short missions and low power density actuators; however it has few limitation that make it unsuitable for applications such as high power density, long missions and direct drive system.Ovaj se rad u osnovi fokusira na dvjema glavnim područjima vezanih za elektro mehanički pokretački sustav, koji je sačinjen od pogonskog vijka, prijenosnog sistema i istosmjernog motora bez četkica. Prvo je opisano upravljanje elektro mehaničkim pokretačkim sustavom pomoću kontrolera sa tri nivoa struje, koji je sačinjen od DSP procesorskog modula i elektronskog kola sa pojačivačem. Prikazan je i nelinearan model kontrolera sa tri nivoa struje koji je razvijen u SIMULINK okruženju. U radu je također prikazana usporedba dvaju tipova kontrole: kontroler sa tri nivoa struje i PWM strujni kontroler. Glavni zaključci na osnovi dobijenih rezultata su da je kontroler sa tri nivoa struje jednostavniji za izradu i mnogo stabilniji. Njegova primjena posebno je pogodna u sustavima sa velikom redukcijom, u kratkotrajnim misijama i sustavima s manjom izlaznom snagom; ipak ukazano je i na nekoliko nedostataka: nije preporučljivo koristiti ga pri većim snagama i u dužem vremenskom razdoblju uslijed većih toplotnih gubitaka

Control of Electro-Mechanical Actuator for Aerospace Applications

The paper mainly focuses two major areas of electromechanical actuator system composed of power screw, spur gear train and Brushless DC Servo Motor. First it describes control of electromechanical actuator system with three level of current controller which is composed of power amplifier, DSP module and interfacing circuitry. The non-linear model of the three level controllers developed in SIMULINK environment is presented. A second point which was included in this study is the comparison of two control strategies i.e. three level controller and PWM current controller. The main outcomes of the study is that three level controller is simple in construction and much more stable. This is much suitable for higher reduction systems, short missions and low power density actuators; however it has few limitation that make it unsuitable for applications such as high power density, long missions and direct drive system

Protein and carbohydrate fractions of common vetch-oat mixtures depending on stage of growth and seeding rate in the mixtures

The production and utilization of intercropped legume- cereal bi-crops as ruminant feeds is beneficial for many reasons – legumes are rich in terms of protein concentration, whereas cereals are characterized by higher carbohydrate contents. To improve utilization of common vetch-oat mixtures as feed in Serbia, the objective of this investigation was to evaluate the crude protein (CP) and carbohydrate (CHO) fractions in these feeds using the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) depending on the stage of plant development and seeding rate of common vetch and oat in the mixtures. The experiment was conducted at the experimental field of Institute for forage crops, Kruševac – Serbia, in 2015. The field trial was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. In this research, pure stands of common vetch and oat, and their seed mixtures (common vetch:oat – 1:1.5; 1:1 and 1:0.5) were studied harvested at three different cutting stages: beginning of vetch flowering – 10% of flowering; forming the first pods on 2/3 vetch plants and forming green seeds in 2/3 pods. The samples were analyzed for protein and carbohydrate fractions according to CNCPS. Stage of growth affected significantly all carbohydrate and protein fractions, except unavailable PC fraction of crude protein which did not change with plant growth and development. The highest protein fraction was intermediately degraded PB2 fraction of crude protein. The highest carbohydrate fraction was available cell wall – CB3 fraction of carbohydrate. According to the results obtained in these investigations, it was concluded that common vetch-oat mixtures varied significantly with respect to their carbohydrate and protein fraction. Due to lower CC fraction, oat was superior feed in terms of total carbohydrates supply to ruminants. Among all investigated mixtures and pure stand of oat and common vetch, it could be conclude that mixture with 1:1 common vetch-oat rate was superior because of higher CA and CB3 fractions of total carbohydrate and the highest PB2 fraction of crude protein

Photoactivity of vanadium oxide TiO2 nanotubes

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of vanadium oxide photosensitive surface layer on the photoactivity of TiO2 nanotubes. Nanotube arrays were synthesized by anodization of titanium foil at different voltages, and vanadium-oxide was deposited by wet chemical deposition. Deposition of the vanadium-oxide layer was confirmed by XPS analysis, which provided the chemical composition of the sample surface. Photovoltaic characteristics and photocatalytic performance for photodegradation of methyl orange dye of modified TiO2 nanotubes were correlated with the nanotube morphology (and anodization voltage). Optimal anodization voltage was determined, in conjunction with the deposition of the surface vanadium oxide layer, in order to achieve maximum performance of the modified TiO2 electrodes. This has been correlated with changes in the optical properties of the TiO2 electrodes, the nanotube length and diameter, as they occur with the change in the anodization voltage, as well as the changes in the vanadium-oxide content in the samples, where the vanadium-oxide content was found to be determined by the nanotube morphology. The photovoltaic performance of the optimized modified TiO2 electrode with the surface vanadium-oxide layer was found to be significantly better than both the performance of the corresponding TiO2 electrode, and the performance of all the other TiO2 electrodes included in the study

Photoactivity of vanadium oxide TiO2 nanotubes

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of vanadium oxide photosensitive surface layer on the photoactivity of TiO2 nanotubes. Nanotube arrays were synthesized by anodization of titanium foil at different voltages, and vanadium-oxide was deposited by wet chemical deposition. Deposition of the vanadium-oxide layer was confirmed by XPS analysis, which provided the chemical composition of the sample surface. Photovoltaic characteristics and photocatalytic performance for photodegradation of methyl orange dye of modified TiO2 nanotubes were correlated with the nanotube morphology (and anodization voltage). Optimal anodization voltage was determined, in conjunction with the deposition of the surface vanadium oxide layer, in order to achieve maximum performance of the modified TiO2 electrodes. This has been correlated with changes in the optical properties of the TiO2 electrodes, the nanotube length and diameter, as they occur with the change in the anodization voltage, as well as the changes in the vanadium-oxide content in the samples, where the vanadium-oxide content was found to be determined by the nanotube morphology. The photovoltaic performance of the optimized modified TiO2 electrode with the surface vanadium-oxide layer was found to be significantly better than both the performance of the corresponding TiO2 electrode, and the performance of all the other TiO2 electrodes included in the study

Characteristic of photodiode based on vanadium oxide-TiO2 nanotubes/CH3NH3PbI3

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the deposition of vanadium oxide epitaxial layer on the photoresponse of TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3 heterojunction. TiO2 nanotube array was synthesized via anodization of titanium foil at three different voltages. After annealing at 450 °C, vanadium oxide was deposited by direct deposition from vanadyl(IV) sulfate solution. Microstructure analysis has been used for the investigation of the influence of different voltages of anodization on tube diameter. Spectroscopy measurements pointed out the red shift in diffusion reflectance spectra after deposition of vanadium oxide. The presence of V5+ oxidation state has been detected on the surface of nanotube arrays by chemical analysis. CH3NH3PbI3 monocrystal was dry pressed on top of the nanotubes in order to make a photodiode. The current-voltage characteristics of the photodiode were recorded and it was observed that the sample with the smallest wall thickness and higher amount of vanadium has the best photocurrent response

Characteristic of photodiode based on vanadium oxide-TiO2 nanotubes/CH3NH3PbI3

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the deposition of vanadium oxide epitaxial layer on the photoresponse of TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3 heterojunction. TiO2 nanotube array was synthesized via anodization of titanium foil at three different voltages. After annealing at 450 °C, vanadium oxide was deposited by direct deposition from vanadyl(IV) sulfate solution. Microstructure analysis has been used for the investigation of the influence of different voltages of anodization on tube diameter. Spectroscopy measurements pointed out the red shift in diffusion reflectance spectra after deposition of vanadium oxide. The presence of V5+ oxidation state has been detected on the surface of nanotube arrays by chemical analysis. CH3NH3PbI3 monocrystal was dry pressed on top of the nanotubes in order to make a photodiode. The current-voltage characteristics of the photodiode were recorded and it was observed that the sample with the smallest wall thickness and higher amount of vanadium has the best photocurrent response