Emigration in North America and Yugoslav state 1918-1945

Godine Prvog svetskog rata ukazale su na mogućnosti saradnje starokrajske politike sa iseljeničkom zajednicom na prostoru severne Amerike. Saradnja i kontakt nove jugoslovenske države i iseljenika u Americi nastavljena je i nakon okončanja Velikog rata. Jugoslovenska država polazila je od principa da su iseljenici deo narodnog jedinstva. Taj princip odredio je okvir iseljeničke politike kao i nastup države prema iseljenicima. Želela se saradnja i preduzeti su koraci da se ona i ostvari. Ambiciozni planovi ali, u praksi, i niz problema pratili su ove kontakte države i iseljeničke zajednice. Na drugoj strani iseljenici na prostoru sevrene Amerike pred sobom su imali novu političku realnost – jugoslovensku državu. Odnos prema Jugoslaviji bio je određen nacionalnom pripadnošću, političkim i ideološkim opredeljenjem ali i prepoznatim ličnim interesima. Period između dva svetska rata ispunjen je stalnim kontaktima, različitim oblicima saradnje ali i sukobima, nerazumevanjem pa i otvorenim neprijateljstvom. Godine Drugog svetskog rata unele su nove izazove u odnosu dve strane. Poraz i okupacija Kraljevine Jugoslavije, prenošenje političkog života države na prostor emigrantskog života, nasleđeni i novi sukobi kao i pojava političke alternative, obeležili su ove godine rata. Nova politička stvarnost zahtevala je i novo određivanje kako jugoslovenske države prema iseljenicima tako i iseljenika prema jugoslovenskoj državi. Kraj rata i stvaranje Nove Jugoslavije sa komunističkim vođstvom, unelo je nove sadržaje u odnose iseljeničke zajednice u Americi i jugoslovenske državeThe possibilities of cooperation with Yugoslav émigrés in North America, for political factors in the “old country” became clear during the First World War. Cooperation and contact between new Yugoslav state and émigrés in America continued after the war ended. Emigrés as part of national unity was the main principle of Yugoslav emigration policy. This principle deeply influenced Yugoslav policy and practice toward émigrés. Yugoslavia wanted cooperation and accordingy, certain steps were taken. Contacts between State and émigrés were marked by ambitious plans, but also, in practice, with many problems. On the other side, émigrés in North America were facing new political reality – Yugoslav state. Position toward Yugoslavia was influenced by national identity, political and ideological position, but also by personal interest. Interwar period was filled by continuous contacts, different ways of cooperation, but also by conflict, misunderstanding and open hostility. Second Warld War introduced new challenges. Defeat and occupation of Kingdom of Yugoslavia, continuation of political life in emigration, inherited and new disputes, introduction of political alternative, marked following years. New political reality also demanded adjustment of Yugoslav policy toward émigrés as well as position of émigrés toward Yugoslav state. End of war an formation of New Yugoslavia with its communist leadership put relations between State and émigrés in a new contex

ISHRANA VELIKOG KORMORANA (PHALACROCORAX CARBO) U SPECIJALNOM REZERVATU PRIRODE „CARSKA BARA“, SA POSEBNIM OSVRTOM NA UDEO ŠARANA (CYPRINUS CARPIO) U ISHRANI

Veliki kormoran se u potpunosti hrani ribom. Dnevna količina hrane koju veliki kormoran pojede kreće se između 425-700 grama, odnosno u proseku od 15 do 17 % svoje telesne težine. Opsežnija istraživanja ishrane velikih kormorana u Srbiji nisu vršena. Jedini podaci o ishrani kormorana i drugih ihtiofagnih vrsta ptica kod nas odnose se na štete koje one nanose proizvodnji ribe na ribnjacima. Podaci o ishrani kormorana van ribnjaka odnose se na ishranu tokom sezone gnežđenja u koloniji u Kopačkom ritu i zimsku ishranu na akumulaciji Gruža. Analiza ishrane velikog kormorana i značaj šarana u njegovoj ishrani rađena je na području Specijalnog rezervata prirode „Carska bara”. U periodu od 2007 do 2010 godine prikupljane su gvalice za analizu ishrane velikog kormorana. Gvalice su prikupljane u dve sezone: sezona gnežđenja (mart-jun) i jesenje-zimskom periodu (oktobarfebruar). Prikupljane su na mestima gde se ptice odmaraju i u samom mestu gnežđenja. Analiza gvalica je najčešće korišćen metod analize ishrane kod kormorana. U periodu oktobar– februar, 2007 – 2010. godine prikupljeno je 507 gvalica iz kojih su identifikovani ostaci 2433 jedinke od 16 različitih vrsta riba, od kojih je 9 vrsta bilo iz familije Cyprinidae, zatim tri vrste iz familije Percidae i po jedna vrsta iz familija Gadidae, Esocidae, Ictaluridae i Gobiidae. Ostaci šarana identifikovani su u 184 gvalice (36,29%). Šaran je u ovom periodu bio zastupljen sa 18,10%, u pogledu brojnosti. Po masenom udelu u plenu najznačajnija je vrsta, sa učešćem od 36,24%. Tokom sezona gnežđenja od 2007. do 2010. godine prikupljeno je 80 gvalica. U plenu, identifikovanom iz gvalica, po brojnosti su dominirale dve vrste, babuška i šaran, a registrovano je prisustvo 11 vrsta riba iz 5 familija (6 Ciprinidae, 1 Ictaluridae, 1 Esocidae, 2 Percidae,1 Gobiidae). Ostaci šarana su registrovani u 44 (55%) gvalica. Šaranske vrste riba su još značajnije zastupljene u ishrani kormorana tokom sezone gnežđenja nego u jesenjem i zimskom periodu. Tako, one čine 85% ukupnog broja ulovljenih jedinki, a udeo u biomasi plena je oko 90%. Rezultati istraživanja ishrane velikih kormorana na području Carske bare u skladu su sa mnogim studijama sprovedenim širom Evrope

Concentrations of metals and trace elements in different tissues of nine fish species from the Međuvršje Reservoir (West Morava River Basin, Serbia)

Element concentrations in selected fish species from different trophic levels were analyzed. The following fish species were analyzed: common nase (Chondrostoma nasus), roach (Rutilus rutilus), freshwater bream (Abramis brama), barbel (Barbus barbus), Prussian carp (Carassius gibelio), chub (Squalius cephalus), European perch (Perca fluviatilis), wels catfish (Silurus glanis) and northern pike (Esox lucius). Fish were collected from the Meduvršje Reservoir (West Morava River Basin, western Serbia) during 2012, and samples of liver, muscle and gills were analyzed for As, B, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sr, and Zn using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The liver and gills had the highest measured element concentrations, with Cu, Zn, Fe and Sr being the most prominent. The bioaccumulation of metals was species-specific, with the accumulation exhibiting the following trends: Prussian carp > northern pike > freshwater bream > European perch > chub > common nase > barbel > roach > wels catfish; Li > Pb > Z n > Cu > Fe > Ba > Mn > Sr > Cr > As > Mo > Ni > B, in all examined species; for Co, Cd and Hg, the bioaccumulation factor (BAF) was 0. Results of this study point to the tissue-specific differences in element concentrations, and to distinct differences between fish species regarding the accumulation patterns: common nase, with the highest accumulation observed in the liver, and Prussian carp, with the highest accumulation observed in the gills.Archives of Biological Sciences (2016), 68(4): 811-81

Freshwater jellyfish Craspedacusta sowerbyi Lankester, 1880 (Hydrozoa, Olindiidae): 50 years' observations in Serbia

Detailed and relevant limnological investigations of Serbian waters were initiated in 1958 and have continued to the present. During the period 1971-2008 we monitored biological elements as a part of working studies/projects, including the distribution of the freshwater jellyfish Craspedacusta sowerbyi Lankester, 1880. We observed over 500 sampling sites in running and standing waters. Specimens of this hydro-medusa were found in five of them. Throughout the period of investigation, only the medusae stages were observed. Our purpose in this paper was to provide data of the records and distribution of this limnomedusa during the period 1958-2008 in inland waters of Serbia. These observations should contribute to knowledge on the limnofauna not only of the Balkan Peninsula but Europe as a whole.Opsežna i značajna limnološka istraživanja voda u Srbiji otpočela su 1958. godine i nastavljena do danas. Tokom celog istraživačkog perioda nađena je slatkovodna meduza Craspedacusta sowerbyi Lankester, 1880 na pet lokaliteta (bara na Velikoj Moravi kod Ćuprije, Savsko jezero kod Beograda, jezero Velika Peščara kod Zrenjanina, jezero Miloševo kod Jagodine i jezero Šumarice kod Kragujevca). Predstavljeni rezultati su doprinos dosadašnjih saznanja o nalazima i distribuciji ove vrste u Srbiji, kao i poznavanju limnofaune Balkanskog poluostrva i Evrope.Projekat ministarstva br. 14302

Freshwater jellyfish craspedacusta sowerbyi lankester, 1880 (hydrozoa, olindiidae)-50 years' observations in Serbia

Detailed and relevant limnological investigations of Serbian waters were initiated in 1958 and have continued to the present. During the period 1971-2008 we monitored biological elements as a part of working studies/projects, including the distribution of the freshwater jellyfish Craspedacusta sowerbyi Lankester, 1880. We observed over 500 sampling sites in running and standing waters. Specimens of this hydro-medusa were found in five of them. Throughout the period of investigation, only the medusae stages were observed. Our purpose in this paper was to provide data of the records and distribution of this limnomedusa during the period 1958-2008 in inland waters of Serbia. These observations should contribute to knowledge on the limnofauna not only of the Balkan Peninsula but Europe as a whole

New record of Neogobius fluviatilis (Pallas, 1814) (Gobiidae) in the Danube River Basin (Serbia)

Recently, the growing colonization of allochthonous organisms in the Serbian section of the Danube River and interconnected ecosystems was observed. Hydro-morphological changes, such as regulations of the watercourse, have made this sector suitable for bio-invasions. Two specimens of Neogobius fluviatilis (Pallas, 1814) (Piscea: Gobidae) were collected on 10 August 2012 from the Zapadna Morava River, below the first dam on the river course. This is the first record of the sand goby in the watercourse in the central part of Serbia, as a tributary of the Danube River. Our findings show that the sand goby has thus far reached not only the main course of the Danube River but its tributary as well. This freshwater fish was observed for the first time in the Serbian part of the Danube River in 1986 in Begej locality (1.276 km). There are five Ponto-Caspian goby species in the waters of Serbia.Projekat ministarstva br. 173045, br. 37009 i br. 3101

Discovery of polychaete species Manayunkia caspica (Annenkova, 1929) in the Serbian sector of the Danube

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A new record of Haplotaxis gordioides (Hartmann, 1821) (Oligochaeta, annelida) in the benthocenoses of a potamon-type river (Sava river, Serbian sector)

The species Haplotaxis gordioides (Hartmann, 1821), from the family Haplotaxidae (Oligochaeta), was found for the first time in a lowland, potamon-type river (Sava River, Serbian sector) in 2002. This new record adds to our knowledge of the range and spreading of the given species.Cilj rada je prikaz novog nalaza vrste Haplotaxis gordioides (Hartmann, 1821), iz familije Haplotaxidae (Oligochaeta), koja je prvi put nađena 2002. u potamonu nizijske reke (reka Sava, sektor kroz Srbiju). Ovaj novi nalaz je posebno važan za razumevanje područja rasprostranjenja i širenja ove oligohetne vrste.nul

SEASONAL VARIATION OF FISH COMMUNITY IN RIVERS PEŠTAN AND BELJANICA

Terenska istraživanja obavljena su na rekama Peštan i Beljanica tokom 2011. i 2012. godine, i obuhvatila su analizu sastava i strukture zajednica riba. Rezultati ukazuju na dominaciju ciprinidnih vrsta riba. Zajednica riba na ispitivanim lokalitetima je pod intenzivnim opterećenjem, te su podaci ovih istraživanja od važnosti za očuvanje i zaštitu ribolovnog resursa (područja).Field research of rivers Peštan and Beljanica have been done during 2011 and 2012, and were surveyed for ichthyofauna composition and structure. The results indicate the dominance of cyprinid fish species. Data on fish species diversity of the researched localities under high pollution is of value for conservation and protection of fishery sources

Effects of Trace Elements on the Fatty Acid Composition in Danubian Fish Species

Anthropogenic pollution poses a major threat to aquatic ecosystems, which can lead to their degradation. The accumulation and toxicity of metals and trace elements in fish leads to physiological and chemical changes in the fish body. In this study, we investigated the effects of bioaccumulation of metals and trace elements on freshwater fish fatty acid profiles at two different sites before and after the discharge of untreated municipal wastewater in two fish species with different diet habits. Although the concentrations of toxic elements were below the maximum levels proposed by the EU and the Republic of Serbia, this study showed statistically significant correlations between the presence of certain elements and the fatty acid (FA) profile in fish muscle. Lower concentrations of polyunsaturated FA in fish sampled after the discharge of untreated municipal wastewater were detected.In this study, the concentrations of metals and trace elements (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn) were determined in the muscle tissue of adult roach and white bream at two different sites in the Belgrade section of the Danube. Twenty-six fatty acids, consisting of nine saturated FA (SFAs), seven monosaturated FA (MUFAs) and ten polysaturated FA (PUFAs), were identified. The analysis of the concentration of metals and trace elements of the roach and white bream showed species-specific differences in their bioaccumulation. Four of all elements analyzed (As, Hg, Ni and Pb) correlated significantly with the changes in FA profiles in fish from both sampling sites, with the exception of Cu, which correlated with the FA profile at the site before, and Zn, whose concentration influenced the FA profile at the site after wastewater discharges. The lower PUFA content in the fish from a site under higher environment pressure could indicate that the fish are stressed. The results suggest that changes in lipid composition may be one of the protective mechanisms of cells to cope with anthropogenic stressors