The Human Penguin Project: Climate, Social Integration, and Core Body Temperature

Social thermoregulation theory posits that modern human relationships are pleisiomorphically organized around body temperature regulation. In two studies (N = 1755) designed to test the principles from this theory, we used supervised machine learning to identify social and non-social factors that relate to core body temperature. This data-driven analysis found that complex social integration (CSI), defined as the number of high-contact roles one engages in, is a critical predictor of core body temperature. We further used a cross-validation approach to show that colder climates relate to higher levels of CSI, which in turn relates to higher CBT (when climates get colder). These results suggest that despite modern affordances for regulating body temperature, people still rely on social warmth to buffer their bodies against the cold

Many Labs 5: Testing Pre-Data-Collection Peer Review as an Intervention to Increase Replicability

none172siReplication studies in psychological science sometimes fail to reproduce prior findings. If these studies use methods that are unfaithful to the original study or ineffective in eliciting the phenomenon of interest, then a failure to replicate may be a failure of the protocol rather than a challenge to the original finding. Formal pre-data-collection peer review by experts may address shortcomings and increase replicability rates. We selected 10 replication studies from the Reproducibility Project: Psychology (RP:P; Open Science Collaboration, 2015) for which the original authors had expressed concerns about the replication designs before data collection; only one of these studies had yielded a statistically significant effect (p <.05). Commenters suggested that lack of adherence to expert review and low-powered tests were the reasons that most of these RP:P studies failed to replicate the original effects. We revised the replication protocols and received formal peer review prior to conducting new replication studies. We administered the RP:P and revised protocols in multiple laboratories (median number of laboratories per original study = 6.5, range = 3–9; median total sample = 1,279.5, range = 276–3,512) for high-powered tests of each original finding with both protocols. Overall, following the preregistered analysis plan, we found that the revised protocols produced effect sizes similar to those of the RP:P protocols (Δr =.002 or.014, depending on analytic approach). The median effect size for the revised protocols (r =.05) was similar to that of the RP:P protocols (r =.04) and the original RP:P replications (r =.11), and smaller than that of the original studies (r =.37). Analysis of the cumulative evidence across the original studies and the corresponding three replication attempts provided very precise estimates of the 10 tested effects and indicated that their effect sizes (median r =.07, range =.00–.15) were 78% smaller, on average, than the original effect sizes (median r =.37, range =.19–.50).mixedEbersole C.R.; Mathur M.B.; Baranski E.; Bart-Plange D.-J.; Buttrick N.R.; Chartier C.R.; Corker K.S.; Corley M.; Hartshorne J.K.; IJzerman H.; Lazarevic L.B.; Rabagliati H.; Ropovik I.; Aczel B.; Aeschbach L.F.; Andrighetto L.; Arnal J.D.; Arrow H.; Babincak P.; Bakos B.E.; Banik G.; Baskin E.; Belopavlovic R.; Bernstein M.H.; Bialek M.; Bloxsom N.G.; Bodroza B.; Bonfiglio D.B.V.; Boucher L.; Bruhlmann F.; Brumbaugh C.C.; Casini E.; Chen Y.; Chiorri C.; Chopik W.J.; Christ O.; Ciunci A.M.; Claypool H.M.; Coary S.; Colic M.V.; Collins W.M.; Curran P.G.; Day C.R.; Dering B.; Dreber A.; Edlund J.E.; Falcao F.; Fedor A.; Feinberg L.; Ferguson I.R.; Ford M.; Frank M.C.; Fryberger E.; Garinther A.; Gawryluk K.; Ashbaugh K.; Giacomantonio M.; Giessner S.R.; Grahe J.E.; Guadagno R.E.; Halasa E.; Hancock P.J.B.; Hilliard R.A.; Huffmeier J.; Hughes S.; Idzikowska K.; Inzlicht M.; Jern A.; Jimenez-Leal W.; Johannesson M.; Joy-Gaba J.A.; Kauff M.; Kellier D.J.; Kessinger G.; Kidwell M.C.; Kimbrough A.M.; King J.P.J.; Kolb V.S.; Kolodziej S.; Kovacs M.; Krasuska K.; Kraus S.; Krueger L.E.; Kuchno K.; Lage C.A.; Langford E.V.; Levitan C.A.; de Lima T.J.S.; Lin H.; Lins S.; Loy J.E.; Manfredi D.; Markiewicz L.; Menon M.; Mercier B.; Metzger M.; Meyet V.; Millen A.E.; Miller J.K.; Montealegre A.; Moore D.A.; Muda R.; Nave G.; Nichols A.L.; Novak S.A.; Nunnally C.; Orlic A.; Palinkas A.; Panno A.; Parks K.P.; Pedovic I.; Pekala E.; Penner M.R.; Pessers S.; Petrovic B.; Pfeiffer T.; Pienkosz D.; Preti E.; Puric D.; Ramos T.; Ravid J.; Razza T.S.; Rentzsch K.; Richetin J.; Rife S.C.; Rosa A.D.; Rudy K.H.; Salamon J.; Saunders B.; Sawicki P.; Schmidt K.; Schuepfer K.; Schultze T.; Schulz-Hardt S.; Schutz A.; Shabazian A.N.; Shubella R.L.; Siegel A.; Silva R.; Sioma B.; Skorb L.; de Souza L.E.C.; Steegen S.; Stein L.A.R.; Sternglanz R.W.; Stojilovic D.; Storage D.; Sullivan G.B.; Szaszi B.; Szecsi P.; Szoke O.; Szuts A.; Thomae M.; Tidwell N.D.; Tocco C.; Torka A.-K.; Tuerlinckx F.; Vanpaemel W.; Vaughn L.A.; Vianello M.; Viganola D.; Vlachou M.; Walker R.J.; Weissgerber S.C.; Wichman A.L.; Wiggins B.J.; Wolf D.; Wood M.J.; Zealley D.; Zezelj I.; Zrubka M.; Nosek B.A.Ebersole, C. R.; Mathur, M. B.; Baranski, E.; Bart-Plange, D. -J.; Buttrick, N. R.; Chartier, C. R.; Corker, K. S.; Corley, M.; Hartshorne, J. K.; Ijzerman, H.; Lazarevic, L. B.; Rabagliati, H.; Ropovik, I.; Aczel, B.; Aeschbach, L. F.; Andrighetto, L.; Arnal, J. D.; Arrow, H.; Babincak, P.; Bakos, B. E.; Banik, G.; Baskin, E.; Belopavlovic, R.; Bernstein, M. H.; Bialek, M.; Bloxsom, N. G.; Bodroza, B.; Bonfiglio, D. B. V.; Boucher, L.; Bruhlmann, F.; Brumbaugh, C. C.; Casini, E.; Chen, Y.; Chiorri, C.; Chopik, W. J.; Christ, O.; Ciunci, A. M.; Claypool, H. M.; Coary, S.; Colic, M. V.; Collins, W. M.; Curran, P. G.; Day, C. R.; Dering, B.; Dreber, A.; Edlund, J. E.; Falcao, F.; Fedor, A.; Feinberg, L.; Ferguson, I. R.; Ford, M.; Frank, M. C.; Fryberger, E.; Garinther, A.; Gawryluk, K.; Ashbaugh, K.; Giacomantonio, M.; Giessner, S. R.; Grahe, J. E.; Guadagno, R. E.; Halasa, E.; Hancock, P. J. B.; Hilliard, R. A.; Huffmeier, J.; Hughes, S.; Idzikowska, K.; Inzlicht, M.; Jern, A.; Jimenez-Leal, W.; Johannesson, M.; Joy-Gaba, J. A.; Kauff, M.; Kellier, D. J.; Kessinger, G.; Kidwell, M. C.; Kimbrough, A. M.; King, J. P. J.; Kolb, V. S.; Kolodziej, S.; Kovacs, M.; Krasuska, K.; Kraus, S.; Krueger, L. E.; Kuchno, K.; Lage, C. A.; Langford, E. V.; Levitan, C. A.; de Lima, T. J. S.; Lin, H.; Lins, S.; Loy, J. E.; Manfredi, D.; Markiewicz, L.; Menon, M.; Mercier, B.; Metzger, M.; Meyet, V.; Millen, A. E.; Miller, J. K.; Montealegre, A.; Moore, D. A.; Muda, R.; Nave, G.; Nichols, A. L.; Novak, S. A.; Nunnally, C.; Orlic, A.; Palinkas, A.; Panno, A.; Parks, K. P.; Pedovic, I.; Pekala, E.; Penner, M. R.; Pessers, S.; Petrovic, B.; Pfeiffer, T.; Pienkosz, D.; Preti, E.; Puric, D.; Ramos, T.; Ravid, J.; Razza, T. S.; Rentzsch, K.; Richetin, J.; Rife, S. C.; Rosa, A. D.; Rudy, K. H.; Salamon, J.; Saunders, B.; Sawicki, P.; Schmidt, K.; Schuepfer, K.; Schultze, T.; Schulz-Hardt, S.; Schutz, A.; Shabazian, A. N.; Shubella, R. L.; Siegel, A.; Silva, R.; Sioma, B.; Skorb, L.; de Souza, L. E. C.; Steegen, S.; Stein, L. A. R.; Sternglanz, R. W.; Stojilovic, D.; Storage, D.; Sullivan, G. B.; Szaszi, B.; Szecsi, P.; Szoke, O.; Szuts, A.; Thomae, M.; Tidwell, N. D.; Tocco, C.; Torka, A. -K.; Tuerlinckx, F.; Vanpaemel, W.; Vaughn, L. A.; Vianello, M.; Viganola, D.; Vlachou, M.; Walker, R. J.; Weissgerber, S. C.; Wichman, A. L.; Wiggins, B. J.; Wolf, D.; Wood, M. J.; Zealley, D.; Zezelj, I.; Zrubka, M.; Nosek, B. A