127 research outputs found
Automated design of multi junction solar cells by genetic approach : reaching the >50% efficiency target
The proper design of the multi-junction solar cell (MJSC) requires the optimisation
search through the vast parameter space, with parameters for the
proper operation quite often being constrained, like the current matching
throughout the cell. Due to high complexity number of MJSC device parameters
might be huge, which makes it a demanding task for the most of
the optimising strategies based on gradient algorithm. One way to overcome
those difficulties is to employ the global optimisation algorithms based on
the stochastic search. We present the procedure for the design of MJSC
based on the heuristic method, the genetic algorithm, taking into account
physical parameters of the solar cell as well as various relevant radiative and
non-radiative losses. In the presented model, the number of optimising parameters
is 5M + 1 for a series constrained M-junctions solar cell. Diffusion
dark current, radiative and Auger recombinations are taken into account
with actual ASTM G173-03 Global tilted solar spectra, while the absorption
properties of individual SCs were calculated using the multi band k Ā· p
Hamiltonian. We predicted the efficiencies in case of M = 4 to be 50:8%
and 55:2% when all losses are taken into account and with only radiative
recombination, respectively.
Keywords: Multi Junction Solar Cells, Current Matching, III-V
semiconductors, Auger effect, Genetic Algorith
Necrotizing enterocolitis in newborns
NekrotizirajuÄi enterokolitis (NEK) predstavlja kirurÅ”ki hitno stanje u novoroÄenaÄkoj dobi s moguÄim katastrofiÄnim posljedicama. NedonoÅ”Äad vrlo niske poroÄajne težine su u najveÄem riziku od nastanka bolesti, poglavito ukoliko su identificirani genetski i okoliÅ”ni Äimbenici rizika. Lokalna mikrobna flora ima važnu ulogu u ranoj životnoj dobi kako bi se smanjio rizik od nastanka NEK ā a. Dojenje takoÄer ima protektivnu ulogu. Bolest je karakterizirana infekcijom, upalom i ishemijom crijeva koja može zahvatiti mali segment crijeva ili veÄinu crijeva. Dijagnoza se postavlja na temelju kliniÄkih, biokemijskih i radioloÅ”kih znaÄajki, a ukoliko doÄe do perforacije crijeva postavlja se indikacija za kirurÅ”kim zahvatom. Ukoliko konzervativne metode lijeÄenja zakažu, indicirana je laparotomija koja ima za cilj resekciju nekrotiÄnog crijeva i oÄuvanje duljine crijeva. Komplikacije ukljuÄuju strikture, stomu, sindrom kratkog crijeva i slabiji neuroloÅ”ki ishod. Preventivne mjere ukljuÄuju upotrebu probiotika i poticanje na upotrebu majÄina mlijeka, odnosno na dojenje. Primjena procesa zdravstvene njege u provoÄenju zdravstvene njege djeteta s nekrotizirajuÄim enterokolitisom omoguÄuje individualan pristup djetetu i izbor najprikladnijih intervencija. Važno je da medicinska sestra poznaje bolest, njene specifiÄnosti, poglavito simptomatologiju i komplikacije kako bi znala pravodobno intervenirati
TREATMENT OF WHEAT WITH BACTERIAL CULTURES FROM THE SOIL FOR THE PURPOSE TO OBSERVE THE EFFECT OF THE BACTERIA ON THE GROWTH OF THE PLANT
PÅ”enica (Triticum aestivum) je u laboratorijskim uvjetima, tretirana suspenzijama tri vrste bakterija iz tla te njihovim kombinacijama. RaÄena su dva istraÅ£ivanja, na crnici i lesu, od kojih je u jednom bilo koriÅ”teno sterilno tlo a u drugom nesterilno tlo. Od svih kombinacija izoliranih bakterijskih kultura najveÄi uÄinak na rast pÅ”enice je pokazala kultura C, kod istraÅ£ivanja na sterilnom lesu te kombinacija kultura AB u sluÄaju istraÅ£ivanja na sterilnoj crnici. Kulture ABC su u oba sluÄaja pokazale negativan utjecaj na rast pÅ”enice. Pozitivan utjecaj na rast biljke moÅ£e biti uzrokovan bakterijskom produkcijom fitohormona, fiksacijom duÅ”ika, obranom od biljnih patogena te drugim mehanizmima.Common wheat (Trtticum aestivum) was treated with three types of bacteria from the soil and with their combinations. Research was conducted in laboratory conditions. Two researches were done, on mould (humus) and loess soil, where in one case the sterile soil was used and in other non-sterile soil. From all the combinations of isolated bacterial cultures the most impact on the growth of the wheat had C culture on sterile loess, and combination of AB cultures on sterile mould soil. ABC cultures showed negative impacts on growth of the wheat. Positive impact on the growth of the plant could be caused by bacterial production of phytohormones, nitrogen fixation, protection from plant pathogens and other mechanisms
Primjena conjoint analize u prouÄavanju potražnje za MP3 playerima na tržiÅ”tu Bosne i Hercegovine
Purpose: The paper illustrates practical aspects of conjoint analysis in studying evaluation and preference criteria when buying hardware MP3 players among the youth, as the most significant segment of such product buyers. Methodology: The methodology consisted of several surveys of young consumers in the Sarajevo region. In the first step, we used unstructured focus group interviews combined with a series of multiple-choice and open-ended questions for identifying product attributes and attribute levels that are relevant to consumersā preferences. After the main attributes and the levels of attributes had been selected, they were combined to form different hypothetical product profiles. Obtained data were analyzed with the help of the conjoint analysis software. Findings: The results show that MP3 player manufacturers and sellers should focus their marketing strategies on the brand when targeting young people, as the most significant market segment for such products. The findings of the demand and price sensitivity analysis imply that the buyers of this product category are generally price-sensitive and therefore willing to switch brands. Limitations: While the study covered the most important attributes regarding MP3 players, it might be desirable to include design as an additional attribute as well as more brands. Also, a sample size could be increased to allow market segmentation based on the obtained part-worths.Svrha: U radu je prikazana primjena conjoint analize u prouÄavanju procesa vrednovanja i kriterija odabira pri kupnji MP3 playera kod segmenta mladih, kao najznaÄajnijeg segmenta za tu kategoriju proizvoda. Metodologija: Provedeno je nekoliko istraživanja mladih potroÅ”aÄa u sarajevskoj regiji. Najprije su provedeni nestrukturirani intervjui pomoÄu fokus grupa u kombinaciji s nizom pitanja viÅ”estrukoga izbora i otvorenih pitanja, a sve radi identificiranja varijabli proizvoda i razine njihove važnosti za preferencije potroÅ”aÄa. Nakon Å”to su izdvojene glavne varijable i odreÄene razine njihove važnosti, one su kombinirane kako bi se dobili razliÄiti profili hipotetskog proizvoda. Dobiveni rezultati analizirani su pomoÄu softvera za conjoint analizu. Spoznaje: Rezultati pokazuju da bi proizvoÄaÄi i prodavaÄi MP3 playara svoje strategije trebali usmjeriti na marku kada ciljaju na segment mladih kao najznaÄajniji segment za takve proizvode. Istraživanje potražnje i osjetljivosti na cijene pokazalo je da su kupci ove kategorije proizvoda osjetljivi na cijene i zbog toga su spremni mijenjati marke. OgraniÄenja: Iako istraživanje obuhvaÄa veÄinu Äimbenika koji se odnose na MP3 playere, poželjno bi bilo ukljuÄiti dizajn kao dodatni Äimbenik te viÅ”e razliÄitih marki. Isto tako, veliÄina uzorka mogla bi biti veÄa Å”to bi omoguÄilo segmentaciju tržiÅ”ta temeljem dobivenih part-worths
UNAPREÄENJE UÄINKOVITOSTI OSOBNE PRODAJE U SEKTORU MALOPRODAJE AUTOMOBILA
Sale has existed for centuries, but the principles behind it have changed over time.
Contemporary theory emphasizes increase of customer productivity through strategic sales
organization that converges with marketing in order to achieve greater strategic importance
in the organization. This study uses a qualitative research method (in-depth interviews) with
the aim of determining the relationship between sales and marketing, as well as learning
about the perceptions of sales managers on the definition of sales strategy and atmosphere
design as variables that affect sales efficiency in automotive retailing. Research results from
Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia were compared and they indicate a lack of
coordination between marketing and sales efforts/departments, and the inadequate use of
atmospheric factors in both of the observed markets.Prodaja postoji od poÄetka robne razmjene, ali su se principi s vremenom promijenili.
Suvremena prodaja u fokus stavlja poveÄanje produktivnosti kupca kroz strateÅ”ku prodajnu
organizaciju koja konvergira s marketingom kako bi dobila veÄi strateÅ”ki znaÄaj u
organizaciji. Kvalitativnim istraživanjem, metodom dubinskog intervjua, cilj rada je utvrditi
odnos izmeÄu prodajnog i marketing odjela kao i saznati viÅ”e o percepciji prodajnih
menadžera o definiranju strategije prodaje i oblikovanja atmosfere prodajnog mjesta kao
jedne od varijabli koja može utjecati na efikasnost prodaje, na sluÄaju maloprodaje
automobila. Komparirani su rezultati istraživanja u Bosni i Hercegovini i Republici Hrvatskoj,
te oni opÄenito ukazuju na nedovoljnu povezanost izmeÄu marketinga i prodaje, te na nedostatno
koriÅ”tenje atmosferskih Äimbenika pri prodaji na oba promatrana tržiÅ”ta
Robot End Effector Path Planning for Object Surface Finishing Based on 3D Image
U ovom radu je obraÄena problematika planiranja putanje vrha alata robotskog manipulatora po povrÅ”ini objekta od interesa pomoÄu informacija dobivenih 3D kamerom. U svrhu izrade ovog rada izraÄen je program unutar ROS(Robot Operating System) okvira koji planira putanju vrha alata industrijskog robota. Unutar ROS okvira takoÄer je izraÄena procedura za kalibraciju sustava robot-kamera koja omoguÄuje raÄunanje transformacijskih matrica iz koordinatnog sustava kamere u koordinatni sustav robotskog manipulatora. Planiranje putanje vrha alata i procedura za kalibraciju sustava robot-kamera su izvedeni u C++ programskom, a raÄunanje transformacijskih matrica iz koordinatnog sustava kamere u koordinatni sustav robota je izvedeno u MATLAB programskom jeziku. ToÄnost izraÄenog sustava eksperimentalno je ispitana na industrijskom robotu ABB IRB 2400L .In this thesis path planning along the surface of an object of interest for a robotic manipulator end effector is considered. The object pose is determined using a 3D camera. A software for planning the path of an industrial robot end effector is developed within the ROS framework. Furthermore, a hand-eye calibration procedure, which computes the transformation matrix from the camera coordinate system to the robot coordinate system was implemented. The path planning and hand-eye calibration procedures were created in C++ programming language and the calculation of the transformation matrix from the camera coordinate system to the robot coordinate system was made in MATLAB programming language. The accuracy of the developed system was experimentally tested on the industrial robot ABB IRB 2400L
Carcinoma colonis and recti
Karcinom debelog crijeva jedan je od najveÄih zdravstenih problema u svijetu. ToÄan uzrok bolesti nije poznat. Äimbenici rizika su starija životna dob, nasljedni Äimbenici, prehrambene navike kao Å”to su poveÄan unos masne hrane, crvenog mesa te smanjen unos vlakana, zatim poveÄana tjelesna masa, tjelesna neaktivnost, puÅ”enje i pretjerana konzumacija alkohola. NajÄeÅ”Äi simptomi su krvarenje iz debelog crijeva, bol ili nelagoda u abdomenu i promjene u naÄinu pražnjenja stolice. Kolonoskopija je pretraga koja nam omoguÄava rano otkrivanje karcinoma debelog crijeva. Oko 85-Ā¬90% bolesnika s karcinomom lijeÄi se kirurÅ”ki, zatim kemoterapijom i radioterapijom. Nacionalni program ranog otkrivanja raka debelog crijeva u Hrvatskoj se provodi od 2007. godine, a usmjeren je ranom otkrivanju malignih torbi u Å”to ranijoj fazi bolesti kada je uspjeh lijeÄenja bolji. Zdravstvena njega bolesnika usmjerena je na fiziÄku i psihiÄku pripremu bolesnika za operativni zahvat, te edukaciju bolesnika i obitelji na život sa kolostomom
TREATMENT OF WHEAT WITH BACTERIAL CULTURES FROM THE SOIL FOR THE PURPOSE TO OBSERVE THE EFFECT OF THE BACTERIA ON THE GROWTH OF THE PLANT
PÅ”enica (Triticum aestivum) je u laboratorijskim uvjetima, tretirana suspenzijama tri vrste bakterija iz tla te njihovim kombinacijama. RaÄena su dva istraÅ£ivanja, na crnici i lesu, od kojih je u jednom bilo koriÅ”teno sterilno tlo a u drugom nesterilno tlo. Od svih kombinacija izoliranih bakterijskih kultura najveÄi uÄinak na rast pÅ”enice je pokazala kultura C, kod istraÅ£ivanja na sterilnom lesu te kombinacija kultura AB u sluÄaju istraÅ£ivanja na sterilnoj crnici. Kulture ABC su u oba sluÄaja pokazale negativan utjecaj na rast pÅ”enice. Pozitivan utjecaj na rast biljke moÅ£e biti uzrokovan bakterijskom produkcijom fitohormona, fiksacijom duÅ”ika, obranom od biljnih patogena te drugim mehanizmima.Common wheat (Trtticum aestivum) was treated with three types of bacteria from the soil and with their combinations. Research was conducted in laboratory conditions. Two researches were done, on mould (humus) and loess soil, where in one case the sterile soil was used and in other non-sterile soil. From all the combinations of isolated bacterial cultures the most impact on the growth of the wheat had C culture on sterile loess, and combination of AB cultures on sterile mould soil. ABC cultures showed negative impacts on growth of the wheat. Positive impact on the growth of the plant could be caused by bacterial production of phytohormones, nitrogen fixation, protection from plant pathogens and other mechanisms
Competitiviness of Croatian economy
Problematika zavrÅ”nog rada usmjerena je na analizu konkurentnosti hrvatskog gospodarstva. Konkurentnost gospodarstva, toÄnije njezino ostvarenje i unapreÄenje, strateÅ”ki je cilj veÄine država u suvremeno doba. Struktura ovog zavrÅ”nog rada razraÄena je u pet osnovnih tematskih poglavlja, dok se na kraju nalaze zakljuÄna razmatranja, popis literature, tablica, slika i grafikona. U radu su dani prikazi i objaÅ”njenja pozicije Hrvatske kroz razliÄite indikatore u odnosu na deset nabolje rangiranih zemalja svijeta. Hrvatska se veÄ dugo godina susreÄe s mnogim ograniÄenjima u gospodarskom razvoju, koji usporavaju njegovu konkurentnost. Pri tome se uglavnom misli na nepovoljna demografska kretanja, poduzetniÅ”tvo i investicije, obrazovanje i ljudske potencijale te održivi razvoj. Älanstvo u Europskoj uniji utjecalo je na blago unapreÄenje ovih podruÄja i opÄe konkurentnosti, Å”to potvrÄuju konkretna istraživanja. Ipak, smatra se da je potrebno uÄiniti ozbiljne korake u provedbi dugoroÄnog, profitabilnog i održivog razvoja kako bi se ujedno unaprijedila i konkurentnost gospodarstva.The final work problem is focused on the analysis of the competitiveness of Croatian economy. Competitiveness of the economy, namely its realization and improvement, is the strategic goal of most states in the modern times. The structure of this final work was elaborated in five basic thematic chapters, which added concluding considerations and a list of literature, tables, pictures and charts at the end of the paper. This paper presents the views and explanations of Croatia's position through various indicators compared to the ten best countries in the world. Croatia has been facing with many problems and negative factor for a long time. All of them have negative influenced on economic development and its competitiveness. In addition, the main of them are unfavorable demographic trends, entrepreneurship and investment, education and human resources and sustainable development. Membership in the European Union has positive affected these areas that resulted better competitiveness. That has been confirmed by concrete researches. In the future it is important to provide more changes that will lead to long-term, prized and sustainable development and international competitiveness of the Croatian economy
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