Labutě a rozpory v poezii W. B. Yeatse

Sbírka Williama Butlera Yeatse The Wild Swans at Coole z roku 1919 znamenala pro jeho poezii přerod: z raných písní ukotvených v romantismu básník přešel ke stylu ovlivněnému modernismem. A ačkoliv je dobré podívat se na Yeatsovo dílo právě prostřednictvím postoje k těmto dvěma literárním směrům, je třeba mít na paměti, že tyto postoje zůstaly problematické. Stylistická mnohoznačnost je patrná v titulní básni sbírky. Jejím ústředním paradoxem je básníkovo zpodobnění labutí: obsahuje jak prvky romantismu, tak prvky modernismu, a uniká proto jasnému zařazení. Labutě zde navíc nevystupují jen jako básnické symboly a složitější emblémy, ale též jako hmotné bytosti. Podobně protichůdný je i Yeatsův přístup v pozdější básni "Leda and the Swan" ze sbírky The Tower (1918). V básni o řecké báji je zvíře předmětem symbolického i tělesného popisu. Labuť se stává nádherným, ale strašlivým násilníkem, což nás mimo jiné přivádí ke vztahu Yeatse k ženám. Tento vztah je naplno rozehrán v poslední básni, kterou se detailně zabývám, "Coole and Ballylee, 1931". Zde Yeats tematizuje nejen svůj život, ale zároveň své dílo a vztah k labutím coby zrcadlu neodvratitelného zcizení. První a druhá kapitola mapují vlivy obou literárních směrů na Yeatsovo dílo. Jeho vlastní názory na romantismus a modernismus pomáhají odkrýt,...William Butler Yeats's 1919 collection The Wild Swans at Coole marked a transition in his poetry: from early songs rooted in Romanticism, the poet moves towards a style influenced by Modernism. Even though it is beneficial to examine Yeats's work in relation to the two major literary movements, it is necessary to bear in mind that his stance towards both remained problematic. This stylistic ambiguity is apparent in the collection's title poem and its central paradox: the poet's depiction of swans contains aspects of Romanticism and Modernism alike, yet it resists clear classification. Furthermore, swans feature here not only as poetic symbols, but also as physical bodies. Similar contradictory tendencies appear in Yeats's "Leda and the Swan". In this later poem from The Tower (1918), the poet emphasizes the symbolic value as well as the physical features of the animal. The swan as a beautiful rapist in "Leda and the Swan" also prompts a feminist reading, bringing us to the dichotomy between the poet and woman as object. This dichotomy is put on display in the last poem I discuss in detail, "Coole and Ballylee, 1931". In it, Yeats thematizes not only his life, but also his work and his relationship with the swans as mirrors of inevitable alienation. Chapters one and two trace the influence of the...Department of Anglophone Literatures and CulturesÚstav anglofonních literatur a kulturFaculty of ArtsFilozofická fakult

Preparation for Old Age and Ageing in the Time of the First Czechoslovak Republic: The Professional Discourse on Old Age at the Time

Old age and ageing are part of everyday life. Healthy ageing and population health have been essential issues throughout history. After the First World War, in the newly founded First Czechoslovak Republic, this topic was also important. This young republic had a lot of difficulties. It was a multi-ethnic state with substantial consequences of war. The republic\u27s infrastructure was damaged, the population’s health condition could have been better, the incidence of infectious diseases was very high while health literacy was very low. It was necessary to take care of the population’s health and adopt laws on health, old age and disability insurance. Basic and modern policies were developed in the First Czechoslovak Republic in 1918–1938, to advance the society\u27s development in virtually all areas of life. Interest in the quality of life of the state\u27s inhabitants, including the elderly, increased. Educational activities were implemented to improve the population’s knowledge and attitudes. The idea of proactive living and preparation for old age was essential for building a healthy society. The role of family members was also highlighted in the preparation for old age. In present-day Czech Republic, as in the past, we put an emphasis on pension insurance and taking responsibility for one’s health

Promoting diversity and national minority education in midwifery and nursing in the First Czechoslovak Republic (1918–1938): A historical analysis

Introduction: The independent Czechoslovak state, established in 1918, had to cope with the multi-ethnic aspect of its many areas. Only 65% of the population belonged to the state that made up the Czechoslovak nation; the rest were national minorities, most of whom were Germans (24%). The multi-ethnic aspect of the state affected all aspects of state life, including health care and medical education. Aim: The aim of this study was a historical analysis of contemporary primary and secondary sources dealing with the issue of education of national minorities in selected non-medical professions in the period of the First Czechoslovak Republic (during the 1920s). Methods: Historical data were collected in the archives of Most, Děčín, Karlovy Vary, Opava, Cheb, Košice–Rožňava selected monastic archives, the National Archives, and the Kramerius digital library of the National Library of the Czech Republic. Results: The new Czechoslovak Republic made it possible for members of the national minority to receive full training in midwifery and nursing in their native language, thus ensuring full linguistic access to midwifery and nursing care. Conclusions: Midwifery education in the First Czechoslovak Republic was conducted in Czech, Slovak, German and Hungarian, at separate midwifery schools. In the case of nursing education, even more space was offered to members of the national minority, mainly thanks to private order nursing schools

Care for children with physical disabilities in the First Czechoslovak Republic

Zdravotně sociální péče o tělesně postižené děti a mládež v době vzniku první Československé republiky (1918) byla na samém počátku svého rozvoje. Této oblasti péče byla v Rakousko-Uhersku věnována pozornost pouze okrajově. Cílem příspěvku je seznámit čtenáře se začátkem vývoje poskytování péče a zajištění vzdělávání tělesně postiženým dětem a mládeži v nové republice, která tehdy ještě zdaleka nepatřila k samozřejmým záležitostem tehdejší zdravotní péče. K naplnění cíle byla použita historická analýza převážně dobových sekundárních a primárních zdrojů k dané problematice.At the establishment of the First Czechoslovak Republic (1918–1938), the fields of health care, social care, and education for physically disabled children were in their infancy. These fields had received only marginal attention in the previous Austria-Hungary. This paper aims to acquaint the reader with the development of health and social care and the provision of education to physically disabled children during the First Czechoslovak Republic, which, at that time, was far from routine. The health and social care of disabled children, as well as their education, during the First Czechoslovak Republic, were analyzed using primary and secondary historical sources

ZDRAVSTVENI SUSTAV PRVE ČEHOSLOVAČKE REPUBLIKE I NJEGOVA ULOGA U BORBI PROTIV ZARAZNIH BOLESTI NEPOSREDNO NAKON PRVOGA SVJETSKOG RATA (1920-e)

A complex epidemiological situation marked the health system at the time of the establishment of the Czechoslovak Republic. Reducing the number of infectious diseases was an essential task of the State Administration of Health. It required new legislation and various steps directed at reducing infectious diseases. Serious infectious diseases, such as scarlet fever, diphtheria, typhoid, dysentery, smallpox, and malaria, were among the most significant health problems in Czechoslovakia. In 1920, Act No. 412 Coll. regarding compulsory smallpox vaccination was issued, as well as government Regulation No. 298, which describes vaccination obligations and stipulated proper isolation of patients with infectious diseases. Other steps that led to improvements included establishing the National Institute of Health and mobile disinfectant units. Conclusion: The systematic development of new legislation contributed to the new Republic’s proficiency at the task and the gradual reduction in the number of infectious diseases.Složena epidemiološka situacija obilježila je zdravstveni sustav u vrijeme uspostave Čehoslovačke Republike. Državna uprava za zdravstvo imala je važnu zadaću – smanjenje broja zaraznih bolesti. To je zahtijevalo nove zakone i razne korake usmjerene na smanjenje zaraznih bolesti. Teške zarazne bolesti, poput šarlaha, difterije, tifusa, dizenterije, velikih boginja i malarije, bile su među najznačajnijim zdravstvenim problemima u Čehoslovačkoj. Godine 1920. propisan je Zakon br. 412 Sb. koji se odnosi na obvezno cijepljenje protiv velikih boginja, kao i Vladina Uredba br. 298 koja opisuje obveze cijepljenja i propisuje pravilnu izolaciju bolesnika sa zaraznim bolestima. Ostali koraci koji su doveli do poboljšanja uključivali su osnivanje Nacionalnog instituta za zdravlje i uspostavljanje mobilnih dezinfekcijskih jedinica. Zaključak: Sustavni razvoj novog zakonodavstva pridonio je boljoj osposobljenosti Republike za tu zadaću i postupnom smanjenju broja zaraznih bolesti

Increasing Incidence of Geomyces destructans Fungus in Bats from the Czech Republic and Slovakia

BACKGROUND: White-nose syndrome is a disease of hibernating insectivorous bats associated with the fungus Geomyces destructans. It first appeared in North America in 2006, where over a million bats died since then. In Europe, G. destructans was first identified in France in 2009. Its distribution, infection dynamics, and effects on hibernating bats in Europe are largely unknown. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We screened hibernacula in the Czech Republic and Slovakia for the presence of the fungus during the winter seasons of 2008/2009 and 2009/2010. In winter 2009/2010, we found infected bats in 76 out of 98 surveyed sites, in which the majority had been previously negative. A photographic record of over 6000 hibernating bats, taken since 1994, revealed bats with fungal growths since 1995; however, the incidence of such bats increased in Myotis myotis from 2% in 2007 to 14% by 2010. Microscopic, cultivation and molecular genetic evaluations confirmed the identity of the recently sampled fungus as G. destructans, and demonstrated its continuous distribution in the studied area. At the end of the hibernation season we recorded pathologic changes in the skin of the affected bats, from which the fungus was isolated. We registered no mass mortality caused by the fungus, and the recorded population decline in the last two years of the most affected species, M. myotis, is within the population trend prediction interval. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: G. destructans was found to be widespread in the Czech Republic and Slovakia, with an epizootic incidence in bats during the most recent years. Further development of the situation urgently requires a detailed pan-European monitoring scheme

Interactions of selected antiepileptics with drug efflux transporters and nuclear receptors

Katedra farmakologie a toxikologieDepartment of Pharmacology and ToxicologyFaculty of Pharmacy in Hradec KrálovéFarmaceutická fakulta v Hradci Králov

Navrhněte vhodné možnosti kombinovaného spalování biomasy a uhlí

Import 20/04/2006Prezenční výpůjčkaVŠB - Technická univerzita Ostrava. Fakulta strojní. Katedra (361) energetik