Development of tourist product on the farms: Case study

In marketing terms, rural tourism becomes significantly more important segment of the Serbian tourist offer. This kind of tourism has been developing in Vojvodina even on farms, as a specific form of traditional agricultural holding. This paper deals with the farms in the region of Bečej, development of farming tourism up to now, as well as the analysis of the standpoint of farmers, both those with and without experience in doing profitable business this way. Questionnaire was used as an instrument in this research and the results collected are aimed at the development of selective tourist offer with the specific packages to be offered, and the development on a viable tourism foundation taken into consideration

Inheritance and expression of genes involved in resistance of sunflower Helianthus annuus L.) to downy mildew

У раду је испитан начин наслеђивања отпорности према патотипу пламењаче 730 код три популације сунцокрета. Инбред линија сунцокрета Ha26S, која је осетљива на патотип пламењаче 730, је укрштена са линијама JM8, Ha338 и Ha26R које су донори гена Pl за отпорност према пламењачи. Након укрштања (Ha26SxJM8) произведене су 73 F3 фамилије које су у овом испитивању коришћене као прва популација на којој је испитан начин наслеђивања отпорности према патотипу 730 пламењаче. Другу популацију чини 75 F3 фамилија које су добијене из укрштања (Ha26SxHa338) а трећу популацију чине 73 F3 фамилије добијене из укрштања (Ha26SxHa26R). Отпорност линија и њиховог F3 потомства на пламењачу су анализирани на нивоу: процене отпорности користећи технику инокулације целог семена (примарна инфекција), као и процене отпорности на молекуларном нивоу. Све биљке на којима није дошло до спорулације оцењене су као отпорне. У првој популацији, од свих оцењених F3 фамилија 52 фамилије су биле отпорне, док је 21 фамилија била осетљива. Резултати теста отпорности у другој популацији показали су да је од свих оцењених F3 фамилија, 56 фамилија било отпорно а 19 фамилија су осетљиве према патотипу 730 пламењаче. У трећој популацији 54 F3 фамилије оцењене су као отпорне а 19 као осетљиве. Резултати теста су потврдили да однос раздвајања отпорних и осетљивих F3 фамилија одговара односу 3 : 1 у све три испитиване популације. На основу добијених резултата потврђено је да је отпорност на патотип пламењаче 730 контролисана једним геном. F3 фамилије су анализиране и на молекуларном нивоу користећи неколико PCR маркер система. Начин наслеђивања, тј однос раздвајања за неколико маркера за аналоге гена отпорности (Resistance Gene Analogues) и маркера CAPS, у три испитиване популације сунцокрета тестиран је χ2 тестом. Тестирана је хипотеза да је однос RGA маркера у наслеђивању доминанто рецесиван, односно да је однос добијених фенотипова 3:1. Према добијеним резултатима ова хипотеза је прихватљива за све маркере RGA осим за HaP1R и то само у случају популације у којој је коришћена ЈМ8 линија сунцокрета као донор гена Pl6. У све три испитиване популације сви остали маркери се уклапају у доминатно – рецесиви тип наслеђивања, односно раздвајали су се у односу 3:1, без обзира на родитељске линије које су биле извори гена Pl. Mаркери CAPS су се увек раздвајали у односу 1:2:1, односно наслеђују се кодоминантно. Један од циљева овог рада је био да се утврди распоред доминантних хаплотипова RGA и кодоминантних CAPS маркера на ,,линкејџʼʼ мапама Pl6 региона сунцокрета у популацијaма сунцокрета које су коришћене за мапирање. На ,,линкејџʼʼ мапама добијеним на три испитиване популације за мапирање доминантних хаплотипова RGA и кодоминантних CAPS маркера, испитивани маркери су распоређени на генетичкој дистанци од ~5 до ~12 cM. Упркос разликама које постоје између мапа, распоред локуса и "линкиџ" раздаљине анализираних маркера су добро одржаване између мапа добијеним за три различите мапирајуће популације...The inheritance of resistance to race 730 of sunflower downy mildew, in three mapping populations, was investigated in this thesis. Sunflower inbred line Ha26S, who is susceptible to sunflower downy mildew race 730 was crossed with lines JM8, Ha338 and Ha26R donors of Pl resistance genes for resistance to downy mildew. After crosses (Ha26SxJM8) 73 F3 families produced. These families were used as the first population for evaluation the inheritance of resistance to race 730 of sunflower downy mildew. The second populations represents 75 F3 families that were produced from the initial cross (Ha26SxHa338), and third population consists of 73 F3 families that were produced from the initial cross (Ha26SxHa26R). Resistance of lines and their F3 progeny to downy mildew were analyzed using the whole seedling inoculation technique (primary infection) as well as on a molecular level. All the plants who did not have symptoms of sporulation were evaluated as resistant. In the first population of all estimated F3 families 52 families were resistant, while 21 families were susceptible. In the second population results of the test of resistance have shown that of all the estimated F3 families, 56 families were resistant while 19 families are susceptible to downy mildew race 730. In the third population 54 F3 families were evaluated as resistant and 19 as susceptible. The results of the χ2 test confirmed that the segregation ratio of resistant to susceptible F3 families fit a 3:1 ratio in all examined mapping populations. The data confirm that the resistance to downy mildew race 730 is controlled by a single gene. The same material was studied on a molecular level by several PCR marker system. The inheritance of resistance i.e. the segregation of several RGA markers and CAPS markers in three mapping populations was tested by χ2 test. We tested the hypothesis that the ratio of RGA markers in inheritance is dominant / recessive, or that the obtained ratio of phenotypes fit a 3: 1. According to the results, this hypothesis is acceptable for all markers except for the HaP1R, only in the case of the mapping population who containing JM8 sunflower line as the donor of Pl6 gene. In all of three examined populations all other markers fit into the dominant - recessive type of inheritance, segregated in a 3:1 ratio, without regardless of the parental lines that were the sources of Pl genes. CAPS markers always segregated in a 1:2:1 ratio, i.e. have kodominant type of inheritance. One of the goals of this study was to determine the distribution of dominant haplotypes RGA and codominant CAPS markers on linkage maps of Pl6 genomic region in three sunflower mapping population. On linkage mapps determined in three sunflower mapping population, dominant haplotypes RGA and codominant CAPS markers are arranged on the genetic distance of ~ 5 to ~ 12 cM. Despite the differences that exist between maps, the loci order and linkage distances are well maintained between maps obtained for three different mapping population. Based on obtained results it can be concluded that codominant CAPS markers for the resistance of sunflower to downy mildew race 730 can be used in marker assisted selection for this trait, regardless of the parental lines used as sources of resistance genes..

Poređenje parametara kvaliteta nepiliranog i novostvorenog piliranog semena zelene salate

Lettuce is one of the most common types of leafy vegetables in human diet that is grown worldwide. Narrow and very small seeds make its sowing very difficult, requiring a lot of time and labour. Also, plants produced by manual sowing are often characterized by uneven germination. Those problems could be prevented by sowing pelleted seeds which require the development of adequate pelleting technology. Absence of quality lettuce seeds in the Serbian market results in large amounts of imported pelleted seeds every year. The aim of this study was to develop a domestic pelleting procedure and examine its effects on seeds quality parameters, in order to provide seeds to local farmers at a more affordable price compared to imported commercial pelleted seeds. Pelleted and non-pelleted seeds of the Panukia F1 hybrid were compared in several quality characteristics (1000 seed weight, germination energy, germination percentage, seedling length) in laboratory and greenhouse conditions. There was no loss in seed quality with the pelleting process, although the seed weight increased 12-19 times. Pelleted lettuce seeds had very high germination energy and seed germination (97-98%). In greenhouse conditions, non-pelleted seeds sprouted unevenly in relation to pelleted seeds. These results confirm the advantages of sowing pelleted seeds in terms of uniform germination and development of lettuce plants, primarily due to the precision of mechanical sowing. By offering domestic pelleting lettuce seeds to the growers, the production process would be significantly improved and accelerated with the reduction of manual labour, and therefore the overall production costZelena salata je među najzastupljenijim vrstama lisnatog povrća u ljudskoj ishrani koja se uzgaja širom sveta. Nedostatak kvalitetnog semena zelene salate na srpskom tržištu uzrokuje uvoz velikih količina piliranog semena svake godine. Usko i veoma sitno seme otežava setvu i zahteva mnogo vremena i rada. Takođe, biljke proizvedene ručnom setvom semena često se odlikuju neujednačenim nicanjem. Ovi problemi mogu se sprečiti setvom piliranog semena što zahteva razvoj adekvatne tehnologije piliranja. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da se razvije domaći postupak piliranja semena zelene salete i da se ispita njegov uticaj na parametre kvaliteta semena kako bi se lokalnim poljoprivrednim proizvođačima obezbedilo seme po pristupačnijoj ceni u odnosu na uvozno pilirano seme. Pilirano i nepilirano seme hibrida Panukia F1 poređeno je u nekoliko parametara kvaliteta (masa 1000 semena, energija klijanja, procenat klijavosti, dužina ponika) u laboratorijskim uslovima i proizvodnim uslovima u stakleniku. Piliranje nije uticalo na gubitak kvaliteta semena iako je masa semena piliranjem povećana od 12 do 19 puta. Pilirano seme zelene salate imalo je veoma visoku energiju klijanja i klijavost semena (97-98%). U proizvodnim uslovima u stakleniku, nepilirano seme je nicalo neujednačeno u odnosu na pilirano seme. Ovi rezultati potvrđuju prednost setve piliranog semena u pogledu ujednačenijeg nicanja i razvoja biljaka, prvenstveno zbog preciznosti setve piliranog semena. Ponudom domaćeg piliranog semena zelene salate proizvođačima značajno bi se unapredio i ubrzao proces proizvodnje uz smanjenje ručnog rada, a samim tim i ukupnih troškova proizvodnje

Prediction of the Impact of Land Use and Soil Type on Concentrations of Heavy Metals and Phthalates in Soil Based on Model Simulation

The main objective of this study is to determine the possibility of predicting the impact of land use and soil type on concentrations of heavy metals (HMs) and phthalates (PAEs) in soil based on an artificial neural network model (ANN). Qualitative analysis of HMs was performed with inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP/OES) and Direct Mercury Analyzer. Determination of PAEs was performed with gas chromatography (GC) coupled with a single quadrupole mass spectrometry (MS). An ANN, based on the Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (BFGS) iterative algorithm, for the prediction of HM and PAE concentrations, based on land use and soil type parameters, showed good prediction capabilities (the coefficient of determination (r(2)) values during the training cycle for HM concentration variables were 0.895, 0.927, 0.885, 0.813, 0.883, 0.917, 0.931, and 0.883, respectively, and for PAEs, the concentration variables were 0.950, 0.974, 0.958, 0.974, and 0.943, respectively). The results of this study indicate that HM and PAE concentrations, based on land use and soil type, can be predicted using ANN

A biotroph sets the stage for a necrotroph to play: ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ infection of sugar beet facilitated Macrophomina phaseolina root rot

‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ (stolbur phytoplasma) is associated with rubbery taproot disease (RTD) of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), while Macrophomina phaseolina is considered the most important root rot pathogen of this plant in Serbia. The high prevalence of M. phaseolina root rot reported on sugar beet in Serbia, unmatched elsewhere in the world, coupled with the notorious tendency of RTD-affected sugar beet to rot, has prompted research into the relationship between the two diseases. This study investigates the correlation between the occurrence of sugar beet RTD and the presence of root rot fungal pathogens in a semi-field ‘Ca. P. solani’ transmission experiment with the cixiid vector Reptalus quinquecostatus (Dufour), in addition to naturally infected sugar beet in the open field. Our results showed that: (i) Reptalus quinquecostatus transmitted ‘Ca. P. solani’ to sugar beet which induced typical RTD root symptoms; (ii) Macrophomina phaseolina root rot was exclusively present in ‘Ca. P. solani’-infected sugar beet in both the semi-field experiment and naturally infected sugar beet; and that (iii) even under environmental conditions favorable to the pathogen, M. phaseolina did not infect sugar beet, unless the plants had been previously infected with phytoplasma. Copyright © 2023 Duduk, Vico, Kosovac, Stepanović, Ćurčić, Vučković, Rekanović and Duduk

Phytoplasmas infecting sugar beet in central Europe

In Europe, the cultivation of sugar beet faces significant challenges due to the emergence of basses richesses syndrome (SBR) and rubbery taproot disease (RTD) which are associated with fastidious bacteria Candidatus Arsenophonus phytopathogenicus and Candidatus Phytoplasma solani, respectively. A comprehensive study conducted from 2018 to 2022 aimed to elucidate the prevalence and distribution of these pathogens in sugar beet in central Europe, focusing on the Pannonian Plain (particularly Serbia and Slovakia where RTD has been present in epidemic scales) and Germany

Overview of Potential Applications of Screen Waste Glass in Mortar-Matrix for Liquid Radioactive Waste Immobilization

Brzi napredak elektronske industrije doveo je do generisanja velike količine električnog otpada pre isteka njegovog odgovarajućeg životnog veka. Nelegalno odlaganje starih monitora i TV ekrana, odnosno njihovih katodnih cevi (Cathode-Ray Tubes, CRT), predstavlja veliki problem po životnu sredinu iz razloga što je CRT otpad klasifikovan kao opasan zbog visokog sadržaja olova. Stoga, konačnom zbrinjavanju navedenog otpada mora da prethodi tretman u topionici kako bi se olovo odvojilo od stakla. Dosadašnju praksu u Republici Srbiji (RS) dodatno komplikuje nedostatak takvih postrojenja, što zahteva izvoz CRT-a u Zapadnu Evropu uz dodatni trošak. Dosadašnja istraživanja ukazuju na mogućnost primene CRT stakla u izradi opeka, keramičkih pločica, specijalnih prostorija za odlaganje nuklearnog otpada ili kao agregata u građevinarstvu. Takođe, delimična supstitucija cementa fino mlevenim CRT staklom smanjuje količinu njegove potrošnje povećavajući nivo održivosti ovakvog procesa. Ovaj rad se bavi istraživanjima upotrebe CRT stakla u cementnim materijalima, kako bi se procenila mogućnost njegove upotrebe u malter-matriksima za imobilizaciju tečnog radioaktivnog otpada.The rapid progress of the electronic industry has led to the generation of a large amount of electrical waste before the end of its useful life. Illegal disposal of old monitors and TV screens, i.e. their Cathode-Ray Tubes (CRT), represents a major concern for the environment being CRT waste is classified as hazardous due to its high lead content. Therefore, the final disposal of this waste must be preceded by treatment in a smelter in order to separate the lead from the glass. The current practice in the Republic of Serbia (RS) is additionally complicated by the lack of such facilities, which requires the export of CRT to Western Europe at an additional cost. Previous research indicates the possibility of CRT glass utilization in the production of bricks, ceramic tiles, and special rooms for the disposal of nuclear waste or as an aggregate in construction. Also, the partial substitution of cement with fine ground CRT glass reduces the amount of its consumption, increasing the level of sustainability of this process. This paper deals with the investigation of CRT glass usage in cement materials, in order to evaluate the possibility of its use in mortar-matrix for the immobilization of liquid radioactive waste.XXXII Simpozijum Društva za zaštitu od zračenja Srbije i Crne Gore, 4-6. oktobar 2023; Budva, Crna GoraProceedings: [https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/11602

Clinical and analytical experience of the National Poison Control Centre with synthetic cannabinoids

A rising number of patients are being treated for overdosing with new psychoactive substances (NPS) available at the illegal drug market in Serbia. The aim of this study was to report clinical and analytical experience of the National Poison Control Centre of Serbia (NPCC) with synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) and point to the NPS available at the illegal drug market in our country. From January 2013 to December 2016, 58 patients (aged between 14 and 25) were treated for the effects of synthetic cannabinoids at the NPCC. Tachycardia was established in 53, mydriasis in 31, somnolence, nausea. vomiting, and agitation in 16, dizziness in 10, disorientation in 9, dyspnoea and chest pain in 4, and loss of consciousness, pallor, paraesthesia, muscle twitches, and short-term memory impairment in 2 patients. After receiving symptomatic and supportive treatment in the emergency ward, all patients had fully recovered within 8 h and were discharged shortly afterwards. Another part of the study was focused on the analysis of the products known under their local street names as "Biljni tamjan" (herbal incense), "Beli slez", and "Rainbow Special" and the analysis of urine sampled from the patients with gas chromatography - mass spectrometry, and high performance liquid chromatography. The detected synthetic cannabinoids were AB-PINACA, JWH-018, JWH-122, JWH-210, 5F-AKB48, and MDMB-CHMICA in herbal products and AB-FUBINACA, AB-CHMINACA, and MDMB-CHIvIICA in the urine samples. Our findings have shown the great capacity of NPCC to I) monitor NPS abuse in Serbia, II) reliably detect SCs in illicit products and biological samples, and III) clinically manage the adverse effects in their users. Future commitments of the NPCC will include systematic collection of relevant data on SCs and their adverse effects, detection of changes in purity and composition of the controlled NPS-based products, and raising the public awareness of NPS to improve the effectiveness of the national Early Warning System

The impacts of waste materials utilization in liquid radioactive waste solidification by mortar matrix

The nuclear industry generates significant radioactive waste (RW) amounts, with its safe disposal being a primary safety and environmental issue. RW management involves solidification and disposal, often in deep underground facilities. Cement mortar is commonly used for liquid RW solidification due to its cost-effectiveness and simplicity. However, Portland cement concrete production raises environmental concerns, such as CO2 emissions and natural resource depletion. Additionally, RW storage and disposal costs drive research into low-cost matrices, especially those made from final waste products. The main requirements for matrix materials for liquid RW immobilization, which accept the role of primary barrier, are compatibility with RW material, good mechanical properties, and resistance to chemical and biological agents. However, partially substituting cement with waste materials can reduce strength and durability, increase susceptibility to cracking, porosity, and corrosion, further leading to harmful substance release. The matrix material must demonstrate longterm stability under various environmental conditions, including changes in temperature, humidity, and exposure to radiation ensuring that RW remains stable and safe within the matrix for decades or centuries. In addition, factors such as groundwater infiltration and seismic activity should also be considered when evaluating the long-term effectiveness of a protective structure. To manage these hazards, the selection, treatment, and preparation of recycled waste are crucial, alongside with proper design and utilization of such concrete. Monitoring concrete performance over time and implementing maintenance measures are necessary to ensure the long-term durability and reliability of structures. This work aims to assess the overall impact of recycled materials utilized in liquid RW solidification matrix.31st International Conference Ecological Truth and Environmental Research : Sokobanja, Serbia, 18-21 June 2024

Narušena homeostaza polnih hormona kod pacijenata sa karcinom dojke, prostate i testisa: koja je uloga kadmijuma i olova

The endocrine potential of Cd and Pb, an important mechanism of their toxicity, has been established in certain hormone-dependent cancers (1,2). This study aimed to determine Cd and Pb levels in blood, tumor and healthy surrounding tissue of patients with breast, prostate and testis cancer and investigate the correlation of Cd and Pb with sex hormone levels in the patient's blood. The study involved 55 breast, 41 prostate and 52 testis cancer patients, while healthy women (41) and men (61) represented control groups. Electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used for Cd and Pb levels determination. Significantly higher Cd levels, i.e. lower Pb in tumor tissue compared to the healthy surrounding tissue were found in patients with breast cancer. A positive correlation was confirmed between Cd levels in the changed tissue and both human gonadotropins, and a negative correlation with estradiol, as well between Pb in tumor tissue and testosterone levels. Patients with prostate and testis cancer were characterized by significantly higher blood Cd levels compared to healthy subjects. Furthermore, significant Cd and Pb tumor tissue accumulation was shown in prostate and testis cancer patients. A significant positive correlation was found between blood Cd and estradiol levels in patients with prostate cancer. The study highlighted higher Cd level as a significant predictor of cancer, and confirmed impaired sex hormone homeostasis as pivotal mechanism of toxicity underlying the toxic effects of Cd and Pb in patients with breast, prostate and testis cancer.Endokrini potencijal kadmijuma (Cd) i olova (Pb), kao važan mehanizam toksičnosti oba metala, potvrđen je kod određenih hormon-zavisnih karcinoma (1,2). Ova studija je imala za cilj da utvrdi koncentracije Cd i Pb u krvi, tumorskom i okolnom zdravom tkivu pacijenata sa karcinomom dojke, prostate i testisa i ispita korelaciju Cd i Pb sa nivoom polnih hormona u krvi pacijenata. Obuhvatila je 55 pacijentkinja sa karcinomom dojke, 41 pacijenta sa karcinomom prostate i 52 pacijenta sa karcinomom testisa, dok su u kontrolnu grupu bile uključene zdrave žene (41) i zdravi muškarci (61). Koncentracije Cd i Pb su analizirane elektrotermalnom atomskom apsorpcionom spektrofotometrijom. Značajno više koncentracije Cd, odnosno niže Pb u tumorskom u odnosu na okolno zdravo tkivo utvrđene su kod pacijentkinja sa karcinomom dojke. Pozitivna korelacija je potvrđena između koncentracija Cd u tkivu izmenjene strukture i oba humana gonadotropina, a negativna sa estradiolom, te između Pb u tumorskom tkivu i testosterona. Pacijente sa karcinomom prostate i testisa karakterisale su značajno više koncentracije Cd u krvi u odnosu na zdrave ispitanike, a pokazana je i značajna akumulacija Cd i Pb u tumorskom tkivu prostate i testisa. Značajna pozitivna korelacija utvrđena je između koncentracije Cd i estradiola u krvi kod pacijenata sa karcinom prostate. Studija je pokazala da su više koncentracije Cd značajan prediktor za nastanak karcinoma i potvrdilanarušenu homeostazu polnih hormona kao važan mehanizam toksičnosti koji se nalazi u osnovi toksičnih efekata Cd i Pb kod obolelih od karcinoma dojke, prostate i testisa.VIII Kongres farmaceuta Srbije sa međunarodnim učešćem, 12-15.10.2022. Beogra