The Double Wreath: A Contribution to the History of Kingship in Bosnia

The fact that ban Tvrtko of Bosnia had maternal ties with Nemanjić dynasty and seized certain areas of the former Serbian Empire was used as a basis for him to be crowned king of the Serbs and Bosnia in 1377 in the monastery of Mileševa over the grave of Saint Sava. His charter issued to the Ragusans in 1378 contains the term “double wreath” which figuratively symbolized the rule of Tvrtko I over two Serb-inhabited states, Bosnia and Serbia. Tvrtko’s choice not to annex the conquered territory to his own state, Bosnia, but to be crowned king of Serbia as well required the development of a new ideology of kingship and a new form of legitimation of power. Although his royal title was recognized by his neighbours, including probably the rest of the Serbian lands, that the project was unrealistic became obvious in the aftermath of the Battle of Kosovo in 1389. What remained after his death was only the royal title, while the state ruled by his successors became exclusively related to Bosnia. Yet, echoes of his coronation in medieval Bosnia can be followed in the further development of the title and of the concept of crown and state. Interestingly, an attempt to revive the double crown concept was made in the early fifteenth century by the king Sigismund of Hungary, who requested that the Bosnians crown him the way Tvrtko had been crowned

Натурална привреда и робна производња од XIII–XV века на територији данашње Југославије

Les parties occidentales de la péninsule des Balkans, où sont situés les territoires de la Yougoslavie actuelle; sont de ces parties de l'Europe qui manquent de sources pour l'histoire médiévale. Cepen dant, grâce à l'existence d'archives anciennes dans certaines villes de la côte adriatique, ainsi qu'a des liens étroits avec Venise et d'autres villes italiennes, on possède suffisamment de données sur l'économie médiévale de cette partie des Balkans pour pouvoir reconstituer son évolution dans les plus grandes lignes

Last years in the last century of the Serbian Byzantine relationships

Since the Battle of Marica (1371), there has been in the Serbian literature an increasing tendency to recognize "signs" of the fulfillment of pristine prophecies that the Ismaelits would subdue the Christians, that all liturgy would come to an end and such suffering ensue that the living would envy the dead. Prophecies originating from the time of the spread of Islam regained topicality at the time of the spread of the Ottoman power and the breakdown of the Christian states headed by the Byzantine Empire. This pessimistic tenor was only intensified by the belief in the 84 "last years", the years of suffering and sorrow, between the thirteenth 532-year Great Paschal Cycle (6916 = 1st September 1407 — 31st August 1408) and the year 7000 (1st September 1491 — 31st August 1492).