A taxonomy of approaches for integrating attack awareness in applications

Software applications are subject to an increasing number of attacks, resulting in data breaches and financial damage. Many solutions have been considered to help mitigate these attacks, such as the integration of attack-awareness techniques. In this paper, we propose a taxonomy illustrating how existing attack awareness techniques can be integrated into applications. This work provides a guide for security researchers and developers, aiding them when choosing the approach which best fits the needs of their application

A geochemical equilibrium modeling approach to assessing soil acidification impacts due to depositions of industrial air emissions

Soil acidification impacts arising from depositions of industrial air emissions may become a serious environmental concern. Currently, in the literature quantitative mechanistic modeling and the experimental acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) approach and a qualitative evaluation approach classifying soils into various levels of sensitivity to acid additions have been reported to assess the long-term soil acidification impacts due to industrial air emissions. Another alternative quantitative approach proposed by this study is the geochemical modeling approach that can be used to similate an ANC curve based on relevant soil chemistry data by calculating the equilibrium distributions of chemical species in the soil solution according to the specified geochemical processes. The purpose of this syudy was essentially to illustrate the potential applications and practical utility of the proposed geochemical modeling approach to assessing soil acidification impacts due to industrial air emissions. The application of the geochemical modeling approach was illustrated by comparisons of the experimental and simulated ANC curves for a calcareous and a noncalcareous soil representing insensitive and sensitive soil cases, respectively. Results obtained from these comparisons reveal that, in terms of producing the ANC curve for the soil solution, the geochemical modeling approach seems to perform well and produce more reliable results for calcareous soil than for noncalcareous soil. However, the approach can also be used for noncalcareous soils when the air emission rates are low and may need further testing with additional measured data for a wide range of soils other than those presented in this study

Poster: Angry birding:evaluating application exceptions as attack canaries

Application exceptions are anomalous events occurring within the application. These can be caused by common issues such as simple programming errors; however, they can also originate from the side-effects of a trial-and-error process used in active attacks. Utilising attacker-induced exceptions as a canary for intrusion detection has been demonstrated as a feasible technique for SQL injection detection, but this has not been applied to other types of attacks. This paper proposes an approach to consider attacker-induced application exceptions as attack canaries. The work is part of an ongoing investigation on integrating detective defences into applications through established development practices

Phase sensitive detection of dipole radiation in a fiber-based high numerical aperture optical system

We theoretically study the problem of detecting dipole radiation in an optical system of high numerical aperture in which the detector is sensitive to \textit{field amplitude}. In particular, we model the phase sensitive detector as a single-mode cylindrical optical fiber. We find that the maximum in collection efficiency of the dipole radiation does not coincide with the optimum resolution for the light gathering instrument. The calculated results are important for analyzing fiber-based confocal microscope performance in fluorescence and spectroscopic studies of single molecules and/or quantum dots.Comment: 12 pages, 2 figure

The effect of a multidisciplinary outpatient team approach on outcomes in diabetic foot care:a single center study

BACKGROUND: Recent studies showed no reduction in major amputation rates after introduction of a multidisciplinary team (MDT) approach for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer. The efficacy of MDTs in the current standard of care is being questioned. This retrospective single-center study evaluated the efficacy of an outpatient MDT approach on limb salvage and ulcer healing in treating diabetic foot ulcers.METHODS: Patients with a diabetic foot ulcer treated before (2015) and after (2017) implementation of an MDT in a single center were compared. The MDT met weekly and consisted of a vascular surgeon, physiatrist, internist, shoe technician, wound care nurse, nurse practitioner, cast technician, and podiatrist. The primary outcome was limb salvage at 1 year. Secondary outcomes were ulcer healing, amputation-free survival, freedom from any amputation, and overall survival. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to assess predictors for major amputation.RESULTS: A vascular surgeon treated 104 patients with 148 ulcers in 2015, and the multidisciplinary team treated 133 patients with 188 ulcers in 2017. Limb salvage (90.9% vs. 95.5%, P = 0.050), freedom from any amputation (56.5% vs. 78.0%, P &lt; 0.001), and ulcer healing (48.3% vs. 69.2%, P &lt; 0.001) were significantly lower in the non-MDT group than in the MDT group. Amputation-free survival and overall survival did not differ significantly between the groups. Predictors for major amputation were University of Texas Wound Classification 3D (hazard ratio, 2.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.17-6.45) and being treated in the non-MDT group (hazard ratio, 3.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.25-11.08).CONCLUSIONS: This retrospective study found an MDT dedicated to diabetic foot care was highly effective in increasing limb salvage and ulcer healing. We advise that such an MDT is an integrated part of the patient's chain-based care.</p

Xanthones and Xanthone O\textit{O}‐β\textit{β}‐D‐Glucosides from the Roots of Polygala azizsancarii\textit{Polygala azizsancarii} Dönmez

Nine xanthone derivatives (1–9) were isolated from the roots of Polygala azizsancarii, which is a narrow endemic species for the flora of Türkiye. Based on all of the evidence, the structures of 1–9 were established as two previously undescribed xanthone O-glucosides, 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-1,6-dihydroxy-2,5,7-trimethoxyxanthone (1), 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-1,6-dihydroxy-2,7-dimethoxyxanthone (2), and seven previously described xanthones, 1,3,6-trihydroxy-2,5,7-trimethoxyxanthone (3), 1,3,6-trihydroxy-2,7-dimethoxyxanthone (4), 1,2,3,4,7-pentamethoxyxanthone (5), 1,3-dihydroxy-2,5,6,7-tetramethoxyxanthone (6), 1,3-dihydroxy-4,7-dimethoxyxanthone (7), 1,7-dihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone (8), and 1,7-dihydroxy-2,3-methylenedioxyxanthone (9). The structures of the compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods, including 1D-NMR (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, DEPT-135), 2D-NMR (COSY, NOESY, HSQC, HMBC, INADEQUATE), and HR-MS. The solid-state structures of 1–4, including the absolute configurations of the stereogenic carbons of the sugar moiety in 1 and 2, were established by X-ray crystal-structure analyses. For the newly described compounds, the trivial names sancarosides A (1) and B (2) are proposed

Medical adjunctive therapy for patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia:a systematic review

INTRODUCTION: To systematically review the literature on medical adjunctive therapy for patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI). EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched for studies published between January 1, 2009, and June 1, 2019. Articles that studied medical treatment of CLTI patients and reported clinical outcomes were eligible. Main exclusion criteria were case reports <20 patients, incorrect publication type, and CLTI caused by Buerger disease. The primary end point was major amputation (above the ankle) in studies with a follow-up of ≥6 months. Secondary end points were other clinical end points such as death and wound healing. Study quality was assessed according to the Downs and Black checklist. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Included were 42 articles; 4 focused on antiplatelet therapy, 5 on antihypertensive medication, 6 on lipid-lowering therapy, 16 on stem cell therapy, 3 on growth factors, 5 on prostanoids, and 1 study each on cilostazol, glucose-lowering therapy, spinal cord stimulation, sulodexide, and hemodilution. Calcium channel blockers, iloprost, cilostazol, and hemodilution showed significant improvement of limb salvage, but data are limited. Stem cell therapy showed no significant improvement of limb salvage but could potentially improve wound healing. Antiplatelets, antihypertensives, and statins showed significantly lower cardiovascular events rates but not evident lower major amputation rates. The quality of the studies was fair to good. CONCLUSIONS: Certain medical therapies serve to improve limb salvage next to revascularization in CLTI patients, whereas others are important in secondary prevention. Because high quality evidence is limited, further research is needed

Optical Determination of Electron-Phonon Coupling in Carbon Nanotubes

We report on an optical method to directly measure electron-phonon coupling in carbon nanotubes by correlating the first and second harmonic of the resonant Raman excitation profile. The method is applicable to 1D and 0D systems and is not limited to materials that exhibit photoluminescence. Experimental results for electron-phonon coupling with the radial breathing mode in 5 different nanotubes show coupling strengths from 3-11 meV, depending on chirality. The results are in good agreement with the chirality and diameter dependence calculated by Goupalov et al.Comment: Corrected a mistake in the reference

Short-Term Clinical Outcomes of Single Versus Dual Antiplatelet Therapy after Infrainguinal Endovascular Treatment for Peripheral Arterial Disease

After infrainguinal endovascular treatment for peripheral arterial disease (PAD), it is uncertain whether single antiplatelet therapy (SAPT) or dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) should be preferred. This study investigated major adverse limb events (MALE) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) between patients receiving SAPT and DAPT. Patient data from three centers in the Netherlands were retrospectively collected and analyzed. All patients treated for PAD by endovascular revascularization of the superficial femoral, popliteal, or below-the-knee (BTK) arteries and who were prescribed acetylsalicylic acid or clopidogrel, were included. End points were 1-, 3-, and 12-month MALE and MACE, and bleeding complications. In total, 237 patients (258 limbs treated) were included, with 149 patients receiving SAPT (63%) and 88 DAPT (37%). No significant differences were found after univariate and multivariate analyses between SAPT and DAPT on 1-, 3-, and 12-month MALE and MACE, or bleeding outcomes. Subgroup analyses of patients with BTK treatment showed a significantly lower 12-month MALE rate when treated with DAPT (hazard ratio 0.33; 95% confidence interval 0.12-0.95; p = 0.04). In conclusion, although patient numbers were small, no differences were found between SAPT and DAPT regarding MALE, MACE, or bleeding complications. DAPT should, however, be considered over SAPT for the subgroup of patients with below-the-knee endovascular treatment