Yumurta tavukçuluğunda kullanılan yetiştirme sistemleri

Avrupa Birliği (AB)’nin 1999/74/EC konsey kararıyla 1 Ocak 2012’den itibaren konvensiyonel kafes sistemlerinin AB’ye üye ülkelerde yasaklanmasıyla yumurta tavukçuluğunda alternatif sistemlerin kullanılması gündeme gelmiştir. Türkiye’nin AB’ye üye olma sürecinde olduğu göz önüne alınarak yumurta tavukçuluğunda kullanılan yetiştirme sistemlerinin yapılarının, avantaj ve dezavantajlarının bilinmesi mevcut işletmelerin sürdürülebilirliği ve sektöre yeni adım atacak yetiştiricilerin değişikliklere hazırlıklı olmaları açısından önemlidir. Bu konuda Türkiye’de yapılacak araştırmaların yumurta tavukçuluğu sektörüne katkıları olacağı düşünülmektedir.Since conventional cage systems banned in European Union (EU) member states in January 1, 2012 with council directive 1997/74/EC, a need of using alternative systems for egg production has increased. Considering accession process of Turkey to EU, knowing structure, advantage and disadvantages of the breeding systems of egg poultry are important for the sustainability of the existing enterprises and preparedness for the changes of new enterprises. Researches which will be conducted in Turkey on this subject are expected to have contribution to the egg production sector

Effect of dietary orange peel essential oil on physiological, biochemical and metabolic responses of Japanese quails as affected by early age thermal conditioning and fasting

Yüksek ortam sıcaklığı için en önemli sorunlardan biri olan dünyanın birçok bölgesinde kanatlı üretimi. Isı iklimlendirme nedeniyle ekonomik kayıplar için birçok kanatlı türlerinde yaşanmaktadır Isı stresi. Bu nedenle, portakal kabuğu esansiyel yağı etkisi (OEO) diyet oruç kısa vadeli telafi edici büyüme parametreleri üzerindeki takviyesi ve erken yaşta termal şartlandırılmış bıldırcın civciv çalışılmıştır. 168 sevenday- Eski bıldırcın civciv rastgele, kontrol olarak altı gruba ayrıldı sıcaklık ayarlama (36 ° ± 1 ° C ve 24 saat süreyle% 70-80 bağıl nem) ve açlık grubu (24 saat boyunca yem çekilmesi). Her bir grup ikiye bölünmüş ve alınan bir bazal yem veya 300 ppm OEO ile aynı bazal yem yem desteklenmiştir. Erken yaşta Termal klima ve oruç anlamlı büyüme sonuçlandı Deneyin 7-14 d arasındaki geriliği. Uçucu yağ tamamlayabilir olumlu etkilemiştir kilo ve bıldırcınların yem dönüşüm oranı en Benzer yem alımı ile 7-42, d. Temel ile erken yaşta termal meydan Yağ takviyesi ise meme yüzdesi arttı uyluk ve bel-boyun yüzdesi azalmıştır. Erken yaşta Termal klima daha boyunca ısı stresi ile başa çıkmak için daha iyi kapasite gösterdi Termal olmayan bıldırcın karşılaştırıldığında serum T3 düzeylerinde azalma klimalı. Bu sonuçlar, termal klima için erken maruz kalma önermek olabilir değiştirerek sonradan ısı yükü ile başa çıkmak için bıldırcın yeteneğini teşvik termoregülatuar fizyolojik yanıtlar. OEO takviyesi termotoleransı ediniminde iyi gelişmeler gösterdi. Içinde Sonuç, OEO takviyesi doğal büyüme hızlandırıcı olarak kullanılabilir Ya erken yaşta tedavi veya normal üreme civcivler.High ambient temperature is one of the most important problems for poultry production in many regions of the world. Heat acclimatization has been experienced in many poultry species for economic losses due to heat stress. Therefore, the effect of orange peel essential oil (OEO) dietary supplementation on compensatory growth parameters of short-term fasted and thermal conditioned quail chicks at an early age was studied. 168 sevenday- old quail chicks were randomly assigned to six groups as the control, thermal conditioning (36°±1°C and 70-80 % RH for 24 h) and fasting group (feed withdrawal for 24 h). Each group was split into two and received a basal feed or the same basal feed with 300 ppm OEO supplemented feed. Thermal conditioning and fasting at early age significantly resulted in growth retardation between 7-14 d of the experiment. Essential oil supplementing positively influenced weight gain and feed conversion ratio of the quails at 7-42 d with similar feed intake. Early age thermal challenge with essential oil supplementation increased the breast percentage whereas thigh and waist-neck percentage was decreased. Thermal conditioning at early age demonstrated better capacity to cope with heat stress through greater reduction in serum T3 levels compared to quails that were not thermal conditioned. These results suggest that early exposure to thermal conditioning may promote quails’ ability to cope with the subsequent heat load by altering thermoregulatory physiological responses. OEO supplementation demonstrated the best improvements in thermotolerance acquisition. In conclusion, OEO supplementation can be used as a natural growth promoter either early age treated or normal breeding chicks

Nutrient composition of egg, hatchability and nutrition of embryo Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) with different plumage colors

Bu araştırma gri ve sarı tüy rengine sahip Japon bıldırcını gruplarında bazı yumurta kalite özellikleri, besin kompozisyonu, kuluçka özellikleri ve embriyonun beslenmesini incelemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Bu amaç için her çalışma grubundan 240 adet olacak şekilde toplam 480 adet yumurta kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada her iki grupta ağırlıkları eşitlenerek değerlendirilmeye alınan taze yumurtaların ak, sarı ve kabuk ağlıkları ile oranları benzer bulunmuştur (P>0.05). Yumurtanın besin özelliklerinden kuru madde, kül, ham protein ve ham yağ değerlerinde gruplar arasında istatistiki farklılık saptanmamıştır (P>0.05). Kuluçkanın 15. gününde incelenen yumurta gruplarında ağırlık kaybı, embriyo ağırlığı, sarı kesesi ağırlığı, kabuk ağırlığı, kabukta ham kül değeri, sarı kesesi kuru madde, ham protein, ham yağ, ham kül değerine ait ortalamalarda gruplar birbirine benzer olduğu tespit edilmiştir (P>0.05). On beş günlük kuluçka süresince embriyo yumurta akının tamamını kullanmış, kabuk ham kül oranı %1.42, sarı kesesi ham kül oranı %10.42 azalmıştır. Embriyo yumurta sarı ham proteininin %38.87’sini, yağın %8.71’ini kullanmıştır. Kuluçka özelliklerinden döllülük oranı, kuluçka randımanı, çıkım gücü ve toplam embriyo ölüm oranı bakımından gruplar benzerdir (P>0.05). Yumurtanın civcive dönüşüm oranında gri renkli grubun rakamsal üstünlüğü önemli bulunmamıştır (P=0.063). Sonuç olarak yumurta ve kuluçka özellikleri bakımından gri veya sarı tüylü Japon bıldırcınlarında gruplar benzerlik gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir.This study was conducted to investigate some quality traits, nutrient composition, hatchability, and nutrition of embryos in eggs of Japanese quails with gray and golden plumage colors. For this purpose, a total of 480 eggs, 240 eggs per experimental group were used. Weights or percentages of albumen, yolk and shell were found to be similar in fresh eggs which have equalized egg weight in two experimental groups of the research (P>0.05). There was no statistical difference in dry matter, ash, crude protein and crude fat values related to nutritional traits of eggs between the groups (P>0.05). Weight loss, embryo weight, yolk sac weight, shell weight, crude ash value of shell, yolk sac dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, crude ash values were found similar between two groups in evaluated eggs at the 15th day of hatching period (P>0.05). During the fifteenth day of incubation, albumen was consumed completely by embryos, crude ash value of shell and yolk sac were decreased 1.42% and 10.42%, respectively. The embryo consumed 38.87% of crude protein and 8.71% of crude fat of egg yolk. The fertility, hatchability, hatchability of fertile eggs and total embryonic mortality rate were similar between groups (P>0.05). Numerical superiority of gray group at conversion ratio of egg to chick was not significant (P=0.063). Consequently, Japanese quail groups have gray or golden plumage were similar in terms of egg and hatchability traits

Examining the effects of adding boric acid at different doses into mixed feed on fattening performance, carcass characteristics, and bone quality of Japanese quails

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of adding different doses of boric acid (H3BO3) to the mixed feed of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) on fattening performance, carcass and bone properties. For this purpose, a total of 96 quails aged 15 days were balanced according to their live weight and sex, and 4 trials were randomly divided into groups. Each group is composed of 4 repetitions. Trial groups; the control group (C) given mixed feed, the group with 100 mg / kg boric acid (BA) added to the feed BA100; 300 mg / kg boric acid was added to the feed group BA300 and 500 mg / kg boric acid added to the feed group BA500. Data for the fattening period were followed for 15-43 days. At the end of the experiment, carcass and bone characteristics of 8 quails (two quails from each repeat) from each group were examined. The live weight and live weight gain of the quail was similar among the experimental groups (P>0.05). Adding boric acid to feed did not affect feed consumption and feed utilization rate (P>0.05). While the breast rate decreased significantly due to the increasing levels of boric acid addition (P0.05). Tibia and femur weights and dimensions were not affected by the addition of boric acid (P>0.05). The highest femoral ash level was determined in the BA300 group (P=0.05). The tibia ash level increased from the Control group towards BA300 and was the lowest in the BA500 group (P<0.05). As a result, while the addition of boric acid to the feed cannot be affected to the fattening performance of quail, its effect on carcass and bone properties has been found significant

Effects of heat stress on fattening performance, carcass traits, oxidant/antioxidant status, and hepatic heat shock protein 70 levels in different plumage colors of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of heat stress on production performanceand oxidative stress in different plumage colors of Japanese quail. For this purpose, a totalof 100 birds were used in this study. The 25 birds belonged to Wild-type (n=25, grey), Tuxedo(n=25, black), Golden (n=25, yellow) and Recessive white (n=25). The birds were rearedfor 42 days in an environmentally controlled room at 39°C and relative humidity of 60-65%.The body weight, body weight gain (g/bird/day), and feed conversion ratio were not differentbetween the groups (p&gt;0.05). However, the feed intake (g/bird/day) of the Wild-type hada higher value than the Tuxedo (black) group counterparts between 15 and 21 days different(p&lt;0.05). There was no significant effect of heat stress on the carcass traits (p&gt;0.05). Spleenweights were different between the groups (p&lt;0.05). The yellow group had the highest spleenweight. The highest MDA level was found in the Recessive White variety, followed by Wild-type(grey), Golden (yellow) and Tuxedo (black), respectively. However, there were no statisticaldifferences amongst the groups (p&gt;0.05). There was also no statistical significance in glutathione(GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels (p&gt;0.05). The heat shock protein 70 kDa (HSP70)level was significantly different between the groups (p&lt;0.001). The highest percentage wasobserved in the Golden (5.06%) and the lowest in the White (1.43%) variety.There was no superior color variety of Japanese quail regarding fattening performance andcarcass traits. It is conceivable that when considering the stress response of the different colors,the Golden group is more sensitive to stress due to the hepatic and cellular level of HSP70.</p

Effects of dietary grape seed on performance and some metabolic assessments in Japanese quail with different plumage colors exposed to heat stress

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the effects of grape seed (GS) supplementation to basal diet on performance, carcass characteristics, some biochemical parameters, and antioxidant status of tissues of Japanese quail in growth phase with different plumage colors exposed to heat stress (HS). A total of 144 eight-day-old Japanese quail including 72 (36 females, 36 males) grey and 72 (36 females, 36 males) golden were used in this study. The quail were kept under HS (16 h at 34 °C, 8h at 22 °C) and thermo-neutral (24 h at 22°C) conditions between 15 and 43 days of age. All quail were fed a basal diet (control) and basal diet supplemented with GS at both 10 g/kg and 20 g/kg ratios. Each feeding treatment was repeated three times including four quail (two females and two males) per replicate. Heat stress considerably decreased the live weight gain on days 29-36, 36-43, and 15-43. Golden quail had higher live weight from the beginning of the trial. The increase of live weight on days 15-43 was higher in the golden group than in the grey group. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels of liver and kidney tissues increased in heat-stress group compared with thermo-neutral group (P<0.001). In HS, significant increases were determined only in catalase (CAT) in the liver and in glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), CAT, and glutathione (GSH) in the kidney (P<0.05). Addition of dietary GS decreased MDA and antioxidant levels, which increased in liver and kidney of quail during HS. Plasma total cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were higher in quail under HS. Plasma total cholesterol, glucose, triglyceride, AST, and ALT levels of quail under HS decreased due to addition of 10 g/kg GS