High gamma oscillations in medial temporal lobe during overt production of speech and gestures

The study of the production of co-speech gestures (CSGs), i.e., meaningful hand movements that often accompany speech during everyday discourse, provides an important opportunity to investigate the integration of language, action, and memory because of the semantic overlap between gesture movements and speech content. Behavioral studies of CSGs and speech suggest that they have a common base in memory and predict that overt production of both speech and CSGs would be preceded by neural activity related to memory processes. However, to date the neural correlates and timing of CSG production are still largely unknown. In the current study, we addressed these questions with magnetoencephalography and a semantic association paradigm in which participants overtly produced speech or gesture responses that were either meaningfully related to a stimulus or not. Using spectral and beamforming analyses to investigate the neural activity preceding the responses, we found a desynchronization in the beta band (15-25 Hz), which originated 900 ms prior to the onset of speech and was localized to motor and somatosensory regions in the cortex and cerebellum, as well as right inferior frontal gyrus. Beta desynchronization is often seen as an indicator of motor processing and thus reflects motor activity related to the hand movements that gestures add to speech. Furthermore, our results show oscillations in the high gamma band (50-90 Hz), which originated 400 ms prior to speech onset and were localized to the left medial temporal lobe. High gamma oscillations have previously been found to be involved in memory processes and we thus interpret them to be related to contextual association of semantic information in memory. The results of our study show that high gamma oscillations in medial temporal cortex play an important role in the binding of information in human memory during speech and CSG production

A generating set of the automorphism group of free nilpotent Lie algebra of class 4 and rank 2

Let Aut (L2,4) be the automorphism group of free nilpotent Lie algebra of class 4 and rank 2. We find a generating set of this Aut (L 2,4) group. © 2011 Academic Publications, Ltd

A presentation of Aut (L2,3)

We give a set of generators for Aut (L2,3) and we find a presentation of Aut (L2,3) by using this generating set. © 2011 Academic Publications, Ltd

Central automorphisms of free nilpotent Lie algebras

Let Lm,n be the free nilpotent Lie algebra of finite rank m, m ? 2 and nilpotency class n - 1 over a field of characteristic zero. We give a characterization of central automorphisms of Lm,n and we find sufficient conditions for an automorphism of Lm,n to be a central automorphism. © 2017 World Scientific Publishing Company

Microwave Drying of Parsley: Modelling, Kinetics, and Energy Aspects

Parsley (Petroslinum crispum Mill.) leaves were dried in a 900 W 2450 MHz domestic microwave oven to assess the effects of material load on drying time, drying rate, drying efficiency, and specific energy consumption. Microwave drying experiments with different material loads ranging from 64·30 to 128·57 g were performed at microwave power cycle of 9 s on/9 s off at 900 W microwave output power. Drying took place mainly in constant rate and falling rate periods. A relatively long constant rate period was observed after a short heating period. Among the 11 mathematical models tested to fit the drying rates of parsley leaves, the Midilli et al. model with drying rate as a log-log and linear function of time gave the best fit for all the data points. The value of the drying coefficient k decreased with the increase in the dried material load. The multiple regression on the coefficients of the Midilli et al. model for the effects of material load being dried gave the successful results and showed to satisfactorily represent microwave drying kinetics of parsley leaves for the material loads between 64·30 g and 128·57 g. Increasing the material load resulted in a considerable increase in drying efficiency and a significant decrease in specific energy consumption. About 9·5% increase in drying efficiency and about 18% (0·92 MJ kg-1 [H2O]) decrease in specific energy consumption could be obtainable by increasing the material load from 64·30 to 128·57 g. © 2006 Silsoe Research Institute.Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi: 04 B 1001This study was supported by the Research Foundation of Mustafa Kemal University (Project no: 04 B 1001)

Effects of alternative control methods against Meloidogyne incognita in organic tomato production [Organik domates üretiminde Meloidogyne incognita'ya karşi{dotless} alternatif savaş yöntemlerinin etkisi]

The effects of some alternative control methods consisting of biofumigation, intercropping with attractive plants, grafting, solarization or biological nematicides against Meloidogyne incognita in organic tomato production were evaluated in two successive short growing cycles (2007 autumn and 2008 spring) in unheated greenhouse conditions. Eight treatments were investigated in both growing seasons while four treatments were the same in each year, two were different. Soil solarization was applied for 6 weeks with a covering of 110 µm thickness of clear polyethylene sheets. For the biofumigation treatments, all the plant parts of the broccoli (Brassica olerace var. italica) (14 t ha-1) or the leaves and fruits of the castor oil plant (Ricinus communis) (2.5 t ha-1) were added to the soil one week before planting the tomatoes. The American Marigold plant (Tagetes erecta) seedlings were transplanted to the plots one week before planting as an intercrop with the tomato plants. As a biological nematicide, BioAct® [Paecilomyces lilacinus, strain 251: 62.5 g kg-1, 1010 cfu g-1 LD 50>5000 mg kg-1 cfu mL-1 (Boyut Foreign Trade Ltd, Turkey)] was applied three times at the fir?s recommended rates. Organic manure, acting as a biological nematicide namely Netisin® (BioGlobal Company, Turkey), was applied at a rate of 10 kg ha-1 using a drip irrigation system to the soil twice. In both seasons root galling caused by M. incognita was lower (1.90 in autumn and 2.95 in spring) in the grafted tomato plants on the rootstock Beaufort than the other treatments. In terms of yield, among the tested treatments, grafting (0.922 kg plant-1 in autumn and 1.785 kg plant-1 in spring) and biofumigation with R. communis in autumn (0.924 kg plant-1) and biofumigation with broccoli in the spring (2.315 kg plant-1) gave higher yields. The overall results showed that biofumigation with broccoli and grafting could be used efficiently against M. incognita in organic agriculture production

Relationship of brain natriuretic peptide with metabolic syndrome parameters: An observational study [Beyin natriüretik peptidin metabolik sendrom parametreleri ile ilişkisi: Gözlemsel bir çalışma]

PubMedID: 22037102Objective: Metabolic syndrome (MS) was independently associated with increased risk of incident heart failure and coronary artery disease. In this study, we sought to identify whether there is an association between metabolic syndrome components and left ventricular diastolic functions and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional, observational study. Two hundred consecutive patients with MS were selected to form the study population. Echocardiographic parameters and BNP were determined. Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to compare BNP levels in categorical variables. Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation between BNP level and other numerical variables. Linear regression analysis was used to find the variables affecting the BNP level. Results: BNP level was higher in females than males [11.14 (0.12-87) vs 7.49 (0.01-99) pg/dl, p=0.04]. None of the MS parameters affects the BNP level in MS patients. MS criteria number that the patient had was not related to BNP level. Sixty seven percent of patients had left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction. BNP was independent from LV diastolic function. Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that having diabetes mellitus increases BNP level by 7.73 unit (ß=7.73, 95% CI - 2.321 - 13.149, p=0.006). Conclusion: None of the MS parameters affects the BNP level in MS patients. Diastolic dysfunction existence did not affect the BNP level of MS patients. There is an association between diabetes mellitus and BNP, independent of left ventricle diastolic functions. © 2011 by AVES Yayincilik Ltd