The prevalence of isolated tentorial hypoplasia on magnetic resonance imaging

Purpose: The tent shape of the tentorium cerebelli helps preserve brain anatomy by providing cerebellum protection against pressure caused by the brain’s gravity effect. In the absence of this support structure of the tentorium, herniation occurs in the brain. Isolated tentorial hypoplasia (TH) is extremely rare. In this study, we aimed to calculate the prevalence of this entity, which is reported to be rare in the literature. Material and methods: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images of 5163 patients who applied to the training and research hospital for various reasons between 1 September 2020, and 31 August 2021, who underwent brain MRI, were reviewed retrospectively. Results: The prevalence of TH among patients screened during a period of one year was calculated as 2.22%. Of these, 76.59% were female (n = 72) and 23.41% were male (n = 22). The rates of presentation of complaints among TH patients were 60.63% headache, 17.02% vertigo, 4.25% seizures, 3.19% tremor, 3.19% syncope, 7.44% forgetfulness, and 2.12% visual impairment. Five patients (11.76%) were admitted for metastasis investigation due to their primary malignancy; they did not have any complaints. Localization of TH: 18.08% (n = 17) were observed on the right side, 28.72% (n = 27) on the left side, and 53.19% (n = 50) on the bilateral tentorium leaf. Conclusions: Being aware of TH during brain MRI evaluation will help prevent possible misdiagnoses. We hope that this study with a large number of patients will increase awareness about TH, because there are no studies other than cadaver studies and a few case reports

INVESTIGATION OF EFFICIENCY OF R717 REFRIGERANT SINGLE STAGE COOLING SYSTEM AND R717/R744 REFRIGERANT CASCADE COOLING SYSTEM

This study is an adaptation of ammonia cascade cooling systems using carbon dioxide on ice cream production machinesand includes thermodynamic analysis of R717/R744 cascade refrigeration system with R717 refrigerant single-stagerefrigeration system and investigation of its efficiency. As a result of the analyses, the COP value of the single-stage systemwas 3.67, the Carnot efficiency was 0.57, the second law efficiency was 0.19 and the power required to operate thecompressor was 27.55 kW. In the cascade cooling system, the COP value was 4.46, the Carnot efficiency 0.59 and thecompressor power 22.7 kW in the high-temperature part, while the COP value was measured as 14.65, the Carnot efficiency0.58 and the compressor power 6.4 kW in the low-temperature part. For the whole cascade system, the COP 3.24 and thesecond law efficiency were found to be 0.43. When the results were compared, it was concluded that although the COPvalue of the cascade cooling system was 0.43 points lower than the single-stage ammonia system, when our country'sclimate conditions and the thermophysical properties carbon dioxide gas were considered together, one of the most suitabledesigns was the cascade cooling system

Polymorphism detection of DGAT1 and Lep genes in Anatolian water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) populations in Turkey

Acyl-CoA: diacylglycerol-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) enzyme plays a key role in controlling the synthesis rate triglyceride from diacylglycerol. Leptin (LP, OB, obese) is an important hormone that synthesizes mostly from adipose tissue and regulates glucose metabolism and homeostasis. DGAT1 and Lep genes are closely related to reproduction, growth, milk yield and composition in water buffalo breeds. This study aimed to identify genetic variation in the DGAT1 and Lep gene regions in 150 water buffalo individuals from five different provinces of Turkey using DNA sequencing. A total of 38 nucleotide variations and indels have identified 761 bp long partial intron 2 and exon 3 and 5' UTR regions of the Lep gene in Anatolian water buffalo populations; 422 bp long partial exon 7-9 and exon 8 regions of DGAT1 gene were amplified and two mutations were defined in the point of 155 and 275 nucleotide that is three genotypes for S allele and Y allele of DGAT1 gene in intron 7 in Anatolian buffalo populations, respectively. These SNPs may have an effect on reproduction, growth, milk yield and composition in water buffalo populations and may prove to be useful for water buffalo breeding.Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Namik Kemal University [NKUBAP.00.24.AR.14.32]; Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies [TAGEM 13/AR-GE/29]This research was supported by the Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Namik Kemal University, under project number NKUBAP.00.24.AR.14.32, and the Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies, under project number TAGEM 13/AR-GE/29

Identification of novel single nucleotide polymorphisms in the growth hormone (GH) gene in Anatolian water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) populations in Turkey

This study was conducted to investigate the growth hormone (GH; somatotropin-like) gene polymorphisms in 150 water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) from different regions of Turkey. 404 bp long partial intron 4, exon 5, 3’ UTR regions of the GH gene (also called GH/AluI locus) and 347 bp long exon-intron 3 and partial exon 4 regions of the GH gene (also called GH/MspI locus) were amplified, and their PCR products analyzed via DNA sequencing method. Seven genotypes due to twenty single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and one deletion/insertion were identified in a 347 bp long region of the GH/MspI locus. A missense mutation from glycine to glutamate amino acid and four silent mutations in the serine, threonine, and asparagine amino acids were determined in the exon 3 region of the GH gene. Four genotypes due to eight SNP were identified in a 404 bp long region of the GH/AluI locus. A missense mutation from lysine to arginine amino acid and six silent mutations in Leucine, aspartate, histidine, lysine, arginine, and cysteine amino acids were revealed in the exon 5 region of the GH gene. The partial DNA sequence of the GH gene in water buffalos was reported, and these sequences were deposited at the NCBI Genbank database with the accession numbers MN266903-MN266909 and MN530973-MN530976. These SNP may have an effect on economic (such as body composition) and carcass traits, reproduction, and milk yield and content in water buffalo populations and may prove to be useful for water buffalo breeding. © 2020 All Rights ReservedAR.14.32, NKUBAP.00.24; Tarimsal Araştirmalar ve Politikalar Genel Müdürlüğü, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarim Ve Orman Bakanliği: TAGEM ??AR -GE/ ??This research was supported by the Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Nam?k Kemal University, under project number NKUBAP.00.24.AR.14.32, and the Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies, under project number TAGEM 13/AR-GE/29.This research was supported by the Scienti ?ic Research Projects Coordination Unit of Namık Kemal University, under project number NKUBAP. ??????AR. ?????? and the Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies, under project number TAGEM ??AR -GE/ ??

Genetic relationships of Thrace and Yigilca honey bee populations based on microsatellite structure

Thrace and Yigilca honey bees, two important honey bee ecotypes in apicultural activity of Turkey, are the subject of genetic conservation effort. In this study, the genetic structure and diversity of honey bee populations from Thrace and Yigilca were investigated using 27 microsatellites. Except Kirklareli and Yigilca (Fst: 0.14), it was observed lower genetic divergence between the populations based on the value of pairwise Fst. Although Thrace populations (Edirne, Tekirdag and Kirklareli) were not fully separated from each other, Yigilca population was significantly separated from Kirklareli and separated slightly from the rest of other populations. The calculated gene diversity of the populations ranged from 0.44 in Kirklareli to 0.56 in Edirne and Tekirdag. Despite the high genetic diversity within the populations, the significant heterozygous deficiency found in Kirklareli may be due to repeated and controlled swarming of the selected colonies by beekeepers. These factors could have contributed the observed genotypic homogenization within Kirklareli honey bee population. Our results demonstrate that genetic differantiation of Thrace and Yigilca populations is still conserved, but gene flow is not prevented by the current management strategies, creating urgent demand for an improved conservation management of honey bee populations.Duzce UniversityDuzce University [20100501038]The research was supported by Duzce University Scientific Research fund through A research project (DUBAP Project no:20100501038). We thank beekeepers for providing the honey bee samples and their cooperation. We also thank Davud Gur for his support during the collection of some of the samples for this study

Identification of novel genetic variants for KAP1.1, KAP1.3 and K33 genes in some of indigenous goat breeds of Turkey

The animal fibres such as mohair, cashmere and cashgora have a complex structure and affected by genetic variation of keratin associated protein genes as KAP 1.1 (Keratin Associated Protein 1.1, formerly known as B2A), KAP1.3 (Keratin Associated Protein 1.3, formerly known as B2C) and K33 (Keratin Intermediate Filaments Type I, formerly known as KRT1.2). Keratin-associated proteins play a significant role in identifying structural and mechanical properties of the hair and wool fibres. This study was conducted to detect genetic variation at the KAP1.1, KAP1.3 and K33 genes in indigenous Turkish goat populations using DNA sequencing method. The DNA of 100 individuals selected from 5 different native goat breeds (Hair, Honamli, Kilis, Norduz, and Angora) that reared different regions of Turkey were used as materials. A total of 59 nucleotide variations and indels (insertion/deletion) of KAP1.1 gene, 15 nucleotide variations and indels of KAP1.3 gene, 16 nucleotide variations of K33 gene were determined in the studied samples. These nucleotide variations and indels have been causing changes in the number and sequence of amino acids. It is necessary to determine the relationships with mohair yield, quality and polymorphisms that are determined in KAP1.1, KAP1.3 and KRT1.2 genes

CYCLIC SEDIMENTATION ACROSS THE PERMIAN – TRIASSIC BOUNDARY (CENTRAL TAURIDES, TURKEY)

The best preserved Permian-Triassic boundary beds in Turkey are found in the Hadim region of the central Taurides. The succession is exposed in one of the allochthonous units of the Tauride Belt, the Aladag Unit, whose stratigraphy includes beds ranging from the Devonian to the Cretaceous systems. In the Aladag Unit, the Permian-Triassic boundary beds are entirely composed of carbonates. The Permian portion of these beds belongs to the Paradagmarita Zone, whereas the lowermost Triassic contains the Lower Griesbachian marker Rectocornuspira kalhori. The uppermost Permian carbonates, composed of meter-scale upward shallowing subtidal cycles, are characterized by oolitic limestones of regressive character at the top and are overlain sharply by Lower Triassic stromatolites. Cyclic Upper Permian carbonates are interpreted as highstand sytems tract deposits of the last third-order sequence of the Permian System. The Permian-Triassic boundary is an unconformity corresponding to both erosional and non-depositional hiatuses. The gap at the Permian-Triassic boundary partially corresponds to the shelf-margin systems tract and partly to the transgressive systems tract of the overlying third-order sequence. Stromatolites are interpreted as transgressive systems tract deposits. Special issueInternational Conference on Paleozoic Foraminifera, Paleoforams 2001Edited by Demir Altiner (Guest Editor

MİKRODALGA ÖN İŞLEMİNİN TRAVERTEN VE MERMERİN KIRILMA HIZINA VE ULTRASONİK ÖZELLİKLERİNE ETKİSİ

In this study, the effect of microwave treatment on breakage rate and ultrasonic velocity of travertine and marble has been investigated. The specific rates of breakage (Si) of -850+600 µm particle size fractions of travertine and marble have been determined using a laboratory scale ceramic ball mill. The dry grinding of the samples treated and untreated with microwave followed the first-order breakage law, and the found Si values increased with parallel to increasing of microwave power. However, a significant increase in the Si values was not obtained at microwave power values higher than 600 W. On the other hand, the Si values obtained for marble increased significantly as the microwave treatment times became longer. But, the breakage rate of travertine was not improved with increasing treatment time after reaching a particular value. In addition, the values of ultrasonic velocity of these materials showed a decreasing trend with increasing microwave power and treatment time. Consequently, a partial relationship was found between the ultrasonic velocity value and breakage rate, which indicates that the ultrasonic velocity decreases, as the Si values increases.Bu çalışmada, traverten ve mermerin kırılma hızı ile ultrasonik özelliklerine, mikrodalga muamelesinin etkisi araştırılmıştır. Traverten ve mermerin -850+600 µm tane boyut sınıfının özgül kırılma hızları, laboratuar ölçekli seramik bir bilyalı değirmen kullanılarak tespit edilmiştir. Mikrodalga ile muamele edilen ve edilmeyen örneklerin kuru öğütülmesi, birinci dereceden kırılma kanununu izlemiş ve bulunan Si değerleri mikrodalga gücünün artışına paralel olarak artmıştır. Bununla birlikte, 600 W’tan daha yüksek mikrodalga güçlerinde Si değerlerinde önemli bir artış elde edilememiştir. Diğer taraftan; mermer için elde edilen Si değerleri, mikrodalga muamele süresi uzarken önemli ölçüde artmıştır. Ancak, travertenin kırılma hızı belirli bir değere ulaşıldıktan sonra artan muamele süresi ile iyileştirilememiştir. Ayrıca, bu malzemelerden geçen ultrasonik hız değerleri artan mikrodalga gücü ve muamele süresi ile azalan bir eğilim göstermiştir. Dolayısıyla, ultrasonik hız değeri ve kırılma hızı arasında, ultrasonik hız azalırken Si değerlerinin artışını işaret eden kısmi bir ilişki bulunmuştur

Yükseköğretim kurumlarında yaban hayatı eğitimi, önemi ve karşılaşılan sorunlar

Yaban hayatı eğitiminin yükseköğretim kurumlarında yer alması süreci Türkiye ve gelişmiş batı ülkelerinde farklılıklar arz etmektedir. Özellikle Türkiye’de yaban hayatı ile ilgili program ve bölümlerin açılması hususu son yıllara kadar gerekli ilgiyi görmemiştir. Türkiye’de yaban hayatı eğitimi üniversitelerde ön lisans, lisans ve lisansüstü düzeyde verilmektedir. Ön lisans düzeyinde “Av ve Yaban Hayatı” ve “Avcılık ve Yaban Hayatı” programları mevcut olup çeşitli üniversiteler bünyesinde sayıları gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. Lisans düzeyinde “Yaban Hayatı Ekolojisi ve Yönetimi” bölümleri çoğunlukla orman fakülteleri bünyesinde yer almaktadır. Aktüel olarak orman fakülteleri dışında açılan tek bölüm Uşak Üniversitesi Ziraat ve Doğa Bilimleri Fakültesi’nde yer almaktadır. Bu derlemede, yaban hayatı eğitiminin önemi, Türkiye ve özellikle gelişmiş batı ülkelerindeki tarihi süreç, yaban hayatının ekonomiye katkısı, yaban hayatı eğitimi alan mezunların iş olanakları, sorunlar ve çözüm önerileri üzerinde durulmuştur. Anahtar kelimeler: Yaban hayatı, Üniversiteler, Eğitim, Ekonom

Genetic variation and relationships among Turkish water buffalo populations

P>The genetic variation and relationships among six Turkish water buffalo populations, typical of different regions, were assessed using a set of 26 heterologous (bovine) microsatellite markers. Between seven and 17 different alleles were identified per microsatellite in a total of 254 alleles. The average number of alleles across all loci in all the analysed populations was found to be 12.57. The expected mean heterozygosity (H-e) per population ranged between 0.5 and 0.58. Significant departures from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were observed for 44 locus-population combinations. Population differentiation was analysed by estimation of the F-st index (values ranging from 0.053 to 0.123) among populations. A principal component analysis of variation revealed the Merzifon population to show the highest differentiation compared with the others. In addition, some individuals of the Danamandira population appeared clearly separated, while the Afyon, Coskun, Pazar and Thural populations represented a single cluster. The assignment of individuals to their source populations, performed using the Bayesian clustering approach implemented in the structure 2.2 software, supports a high differentiation of Merzifon and Danamandira populations. The results of this study are useful for the development of conservation strategies for the Turkish buffalo