Changes in substrate utilization rates during 40 min of walking within the Fatmax range

Background and aims The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in fat oxidation rate during 40 min of continuous exercise and identify the intensity at the highest fat oxidation rate (Fatmax). Methods A total of 14 sedentary males with age, body height, weight, and BMI averages of 29.3 ± 0.7 years, 178.3 ± 1.7 cm, 81.1 ± 3.9 kg, and 25.4 ± 0.9 kg/m2, respectively, were included in the study. Fatmax was determined using an indirect calorimeter with an incremental treadmill walking test at least after 12 h of fasting. On a separate day, at least after 12 h of fasting, the participants walked for 40 min within their predetermined individual Fatmax heart rate and speed ranges. Results The initial fat oxidation rate was not sustained within the first 16 min of exercise and was reduced; however, carbohydrate oxidation reached a stable level after nearly 10 min. Conclusions In sedentary individuals, during low-intensity physical activity, fat oxidation rates may not be sustainable as expected from Fatmax testing. Therefore, when exercise is prescribed, one should consider that the fat oxidation rate might decrease in sedentary overweight individuals

Conduction blocks of lidocaine on crushed rat sciatic nerve: An in-vitro study

PubMedID: 15823937The effects of lidocaine on the action potential of crushed sciatic nerves were investigated. The sciatic nerves of the rats were removed 5, 15, 25, and 38 days after the crushing and the compound action potentials were recorded with sucrose gap technique. The nerves were treated with 1 mM lidocaine and the conduction blocks of nonfrequency dependent block (NFDB) and frequency depended block (FDB) at 10, 40, and 100 Hz were determined. In intact nerves, the NFDB effect of lidocaine was 38.4 ± 0.7%. On the 15th day after the crush, the NFDB was increased to 60.1 ± 1.3%. On the 38th day NFDB was decreased to 46.0 ± 0.8%. The following days after the crushing, lidocaine caused a very high rate of FDB with 10, 40, and 100 Hz stimulation. The high NFDB ratios approached normal levels with the improvement of regeneration, but FDB ratios continued to stay at high levels. The results showed that the ratios of FDB and NFDB were increased on the crushed nerve. It was concluded that, in the regeneration conditions of crushed rat sciatic nerves, the sensitivity to local anesthetic increases more than in intact nerves. Copyright © 2005 Taylor & Francis Inc.SBE-2002D17 SBAG-2554Received 7 June 2004. The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey SBAG-2554 and Çukurova University Research Foundation Grant and SBE-2002D17 have supported this work. Address correspondence to Dr. Mustafa Güven, Department of Biophysics, Çukurova University, School of Medicine, Adana, Turkey. E-mail: [email protected]

Effect of pulsed magnetic field on regenerating rat sciatic nerve: An in-vitro electrophysiologic study

PubMedID: 16019581Some experimental studies report that low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) stimulation may accelerate regeneration in peripheral nerves. In the present study, effects of PEMF on the regeneration of the crushed rat sciatic nerves were investigated with histological and in-vitro electrophysiological methods (sucrose-gap). After crush injury of the sciatic nerves, rats were divided into 5, 15, 25, 38 day-groups and exposed to PEMF (1.5 h/day, intensity; 1.5 mT, consecutive frequency; 10-40-100 Hz). In the 15th day post crush, compound action potential (CAP) amplitude was measured as 5.5 ± 1 mV (crush group) and 5.4 ± 1.2 mV (crush + PEMF group). In addition, half width of CAP extended ~3 fold in both groups and frequency-dependent amplitude inhibition (FDI) decreased ~20% at 100 Hz. In the 38th day, amplitude of CAP, half width of CAP and FDI were measured nearly intact nerve values in both groups. In histological examinations, Wallerian degeneration was observed similar progress between both groups. The results were compared between crush and crush + PEMF groups, it was found that the effect of PEMF was not significant. The authors conclude that PEMF were ineffective on rat sciatic nerve regeneration. Copyright © 2005 Taylor & Francis Inc

Effects of training load changes on physical performance and exercise-induced muscle damage [Efeitos das mudanças de carga de treinamento sobre o desempenho físico e dano muscular induzido por exercício] [Efectos de los cambios de carga de entrenamiento sobre el desempeño físico y daño muscular inducido por ejercicio]

Introduction: There is no previous study examining muscle damage responses from training load changes in individuals trained exclusively with repeated sprint exercise. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of training load changes on physical performance and exercise-induced muscle damage in male college athletes who were trained using a 30m repeated sprint protocol. Methods: Twelve participants completed the 6-week training period (three sessions/week), which consisted of progressively increasing intensity training in the first 5 weeks. On the first day of the training period, all sprints were performed at 70–80% of maximum effort. In the first session of the 5th week (Maximal intensity training; MIT), all sprints (10×30m sprints) were performed at maximal speed. The sets (10 sprints at maximal speed in each set) were repeated until exhaustion (Exhaustive training; ET) in the first training session of the 6th week, followed by two sessions of the normal training. Isometric strength, 30m sprint performance, flexibility, serum creatine kinase (CK) and cortisol were measured periodically during the examination period. Results: Isometric strength, 30m sprint performance, and flexibility were significantly decreased following the ET, and did not recover during the following 9-day period, which consisted of two training sessions and 6 days of recovery. Cortisol was significantly elevated immediately after the ET but was not changed after training on first day and during MIT. CK was significantly elevated after training every week, but the increase at 24 hours after ET was significantly higher than after the first day and MIT. Conclusions: Dramatically increasing the volume of maximal intensity repeated sprint exercise results in greater relative muscle damage even in trained individuals, which will significantly limit their performance. Further training sessions, even at normal intensity and volume with insufficient time for muscle recovery, may prolong the duration of fatigue. Level of evidence II; Diagnostic Studies-Investigating a diagnostic test. © 2019, Redprint Editora Ltda. All rights reserved

Changes in substrate utilization rates during 40 min of walking within the Fatmax range

PubMedID: 31560234BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in fat oxidation rate during 40 min of continuous exercise and identify the intensity at the highest fat oxidation rate (Fatmax). METHODS: A total of 14 sedentary males with age, body height, weight, and BMI averages of 29.3?±?0.7 years, 178.3?±?1.7 cm, 81.1?±?3.9 kg, and 25.4?±?0.9 kg/m2, respectively, were included in the study. Fatmax was determined using an indirect calorimeter with an incremental treadmill walking test at least after 12 h of fasting. On a separate day, at least after 12 h of fasting, the participants walked for 40 min within their predetermined individual Fatmax heart rate and speed ranges. RESULTS: The initial fat oxidation rate was not sustained within the first 16 min of exercise and was reduced; however, carbohydrate oxidation reached a stable level after nearly 10 min. CONCLUSIONS: In sedentary individuals, during low-intensity physical activity, fat oxidation rates may not be sustainable as expected from Fatmax testing. Therefore, when exercise is prescribed, one should consider that the fat oxidation rate might decrease in sedentary overweight individuals

Factors that effect the success of induction of labor in pregnancies who have low bishop scores and undergoing labor induction because of prolonged pregnancy [Gün aşimi gebelik nedeni ile do?um indüksiyonu uygulanan düşük bishop skoru olan gebelerde indüksiyon başarisini etkileyen faktörler]

Objective: It's aimed to find the factors effecting the success of labor induction in pregnancies with low Bishop scores, undergoing labor induction at 41 week or longer gestational age. Material and Methods: 77 pregnant women hospitalized between June 2012 and April 2013 for prolonged pregnancy with low Bishop scores, were enrolled into this prospective study. Patient's gestational week, gravida, parity, body mass index (BMI), educational status, smoking status, hemoglobin levels, initial Bishop scores, support of oxytocin, presence of tachysystole, birth type, the 1st and 5th minute Apgar scores of newborns, birth weight of newborns, necessity for intensive care of newborn were recorded. Women who respond labor induction and delivered vaginally and women gave birth by cesarean section because of failed labor induction were compared. The p-value was taken as <0.05 for the level of statistical significance among the results. Results: The pregnancy of 51 of these women was deliveried vaginally and the pregnancy of 26 was by caesarean. The average BMI of women who gave birth by cesarean section was 28.0 ±3.3, and who gave birth by vaginal delivery were 30.1±4.4 (p=0.039). The average parity of women who gave birth by vaginal delivery was 1.2±1.4, and who gave birth by caesarean were 0.27±0.87 (p=0.001). 5 (100%) of women who had tachysystole gave birth by caesarean section (p=0.003). The newborn that was delivered vaginally had higher 1st and 5th minute Apgar scores. (p=0.001). 4 (7.8%) of women who gave birth by vaginally and 7 (26,9%) of women who gave birth by cesarean section needed for neonatal intensive care (p=0.037). Conclusion: Parity, BMI, time interval between labor induction to delivery and tachysystole were found as the factors effecting the type of delivery. Parity and tachysystole were found significant factors in determining the type of delivery. Copyright © 2014 by Türkiye Klinikler

Analysis of isokinetic knee extension/flexion in male elite adolescent wrestlers

Wrestling requires strength of the upper and lower body musculature which is critical for the athletic performance. Evaluation of the adolescent's skeletal muscle is important to understand body movement, especially including those involved in sports. Strength, power and endurance capacity are defined as parameters of skeletal muscle biomechanical properties. The isokinetic dynamometer is an important toll for making this type of evaluation. However, load range phase of range of motion has to be considered to interpret the data correctly. With this in mind we aimed to investigate the lover body musculature contractile characteristics of adolescent wrestlers together with detailed analyses of load range phase of motion. Thirteen boys aged 12 - 14 years participated to this study. Concentric load range torque, work and power of knee extension and flexion were measured by a Cybex Norm dynamometer at angular velocities from 450°/sec to 30°/sec with 30°/sec decrements for each set. None of the wrestlers were able to attain load range for angular velocities above 390°/sec and 420°/sec for extension and flexion respectively. Detailed analyses of the load range resulted in statistically significant differences in the normalized load range peak torque for extension at 270°/sec (1.44 ± 0.28 Nm·kg-1 and 1.14 ± 0.28 Nm·kg-1 for total and load range peak torque respectively, p < 0.05), and for flexion at 300°/sec (1.26 ± 0.28 Nm·kg-1 and 1.03 ± 0.23 Nm·kg-1 for total and load range peak torque respectively, p < 0.05), compared to total peak torque data. Similarly, the significant difference was found for the work values at 90°/sec (1.91 ± 0.23 Nm·kg-1 and 1.59 ± 0.24 Nm·kg-1 for total and load range work respectively for extension and 1.73 ± 0.21 Nm·kg-1 and 1.49 ± 0.19 Nm·kg-1 for total and load range work respectively for flexion, p < 0.05), and was evident at higher angular velocities (p < 0.001) for both extension and flexion. At extension, load range power values were significantly smaller than total power for all angular velocities except 150°/sec (p < 0.05 for 120 and 180°/sec, p < 0.001 for others). Finally, load range flexion power was found to be higher than total power with statistically significance (p < 0.05 for 60, 120, 150, 180, 210, 270 and 300°/sec, p < 0.001 for 240°/sec). Extra caution is required for correct interpretation of load range data in terms of considering the load range during limb movement. Evaluation of muscle performance of these adolescent wrestlers at regular intervals may give us an opportunity to obtain a healthy maturation profile of these adolescent wrestlers. ©Journal of Sports Science and Medicine (2005)

The point of view by obstetricians to fetal oropharengal tumors and EXIT procedure: Case report [Fetal orofarengeal tümörler ve EXIT i·şlemine dogum hekimi açisindan bakiş]

Foetal oropharyngeal tumors have the potential to obstruct the airway, because of this risk they are the tumors which needs emergency neonatal interventions. If airway patency cannot be achieved, acidosis and hypoxia can occur and lead to irreversible neurological injury or death. This complication seems even more tragic considering that many of these babies will develop normally if the malformation can be corrected. As a result of this, delivery must be done in elective conditions and by Cesarean section. Ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) is a procedure, which lets controlled management of the airway obstruction which may be a threat to the newborns life. The aim of this treatment is to maintain newborns airway opening during the placental circulation at the partial delivery of the fetus. Foetal airway control is achieved emergency endotracheal intubation or tracheostomy in infants with high-risk airways. Uterine relaxation, maintenance of foetal-placental blood flow and multidisciplinary team is critical for successful EXIT procedures. We are presenting 3 cases with fetal oropharengeal tumor at third trimester and who had EXIT during delivery. Copyright © 2010 by Türkiye Klinikleri

Effect of tyrosine ingestion on cognitive and physical performance utilising an intermittent soccer performance test (iSPT) in a warm environment

Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of tyrosine (TYR) ingestion on cognitive and physical performance during soccer-specific exercise in a warm environment. Methods Eight male soccer players completed an individualised 90 min soccer-simulation intermittent soccer performance test (iSPT), on a non-motorised treadmill, on two occasions, within an environmental chamber (25 °C, 40 % RH). Participants ingested tyrosine (TYR; 250 mL sugar free drink plus 150 mg kg body mass?1 TYR) at both 5 h and 1 h pre-exercise or a placebo control (PLA; 250 mL sugar free drink only) in a double-blind, randomised, crossover design. Cognitive performance (vigilance and dual-task) and perceived readiness to invest physical effort (RTIPE) and mental effort (RTIME) were assessed: pre-exercise, half-time, end of half-time and immediately post-exercise. Physical performance was assessed using the total distance covered in both halves of iSPT. Results Positive vigilance responses (HIT) were significantly higher (12.6 ± 1.7 vs 11.5 ± 2.4, p = 0.015) with negative responses (MISS) significantly lower (2.4 ± 1.8 vs 3.5 ± 2.4, p = 0.013) in TYR compared to PLA. RTIME scores were significantly higher in the TYR trial when compared to PLA (6.7 ± 1.2 vs 5.9 ± 1.2, p = 0.039). TYR had no significant (p > 0.05) influence on any other cognitive or physical performance measure. Conclusion The results show that TYR ingestion is associated with improved vigilance and RTIME when exposed to individualised soccer-specific exercise (iSPT) in a warm environment. This suggests that increasing the availability of TYR may improve cognitive function during exposure to exercise-heat stress