Trodimenzionalna kinematička analiza zamaha rukom iznad glave u različitim sportovima

The aim of this study was to compare the kinematics of the overarm throw for different sports. Eleven elite female handball players and nine elite female volleyball players were selected as subjects for the study. Arm and forearm segment movement in the backswing and acceleration phases of players performing the volleyball spike and the handball jump shot were evaluated. Video data were captured using two Sony 50Hz cameras and were digitized and analyzed using Simi Motion Analysis 5.5 program. In the backswing phase, there were significant differences in the angular width, velocity and acceleration between the volleyball players and handball players on the transverse, vertical, and sagittal planes of the motions (p<.01). In the acceleration phase, the statistically significant difference was found in the angular width of the arm segment motion on the transverse plane (p<.05). On the sagittal plane, the significant difference was found in the angular width, velocity, and acceleration of the arm motions between the volleyball and handball players (p<.05). These results suggest that volleyball players use vertical flexion more frequently, thus increasing the time to gain velocity. Handball players transfer the velocity used in horizontal flexion to the vertical flexion in a short period of time.Za poboljšanje sportske uspješnosti nije dovoljno unapređivati samo kondicijske sposobnosti i tehničko-taktička znanja. Moraju se provesti i kineziološke i biomehničke analize kretanja kako bismo razumjeli učinke postojećih tehnika kretanja te se, u skladu s rezultatima tih analiza, moraju razvijati nove i učinkovitije tehnike kretanja. Cilj ovog rada bila je usporedba kinematičkih analiza bacačkih, odnosno udaračkih tehnika koje se izvode u različitim sportovima zamahom ruke iznad glave. Devet odbojkašica iz ženske odbojkaške superlige (starih 24±4 godine, visokih 174,45±4,5 cm, teških 68,03±5,32 kg) i 11 rukometašica, članica nacionalne vrste (starih 20±2 godine, visokih 174,63±7,28 cm, teških 65,81±5,21 kg) sudjelovalo je u istraživanju. Odbojkašice-dizačice lopte i rukometne vratarice nisu sudjelovale u istraživanju. Nakon zagrijavanja, ispitanicama su na stiloidni nastavak lakatne kosti, lateralni epikondil nadlaktične kosti i lateralni gornji vrh akromiona postavljeni reflektirajući markeri dijametra 3 centimetra. Za snimanje su korištene dvije Sonyjeve kamere, model Trv330e i frekvencije 50Hz. Kamere su bile postavljene pod kutom od 90° kako bi mogle snimiti cijelo područje kretanja ispitanica. Za kalibraciju sustava korištena je tehnika izravne linearne transformacije. Mjere kalibracijskog prostora bile su 2 x 2,5 x 2 m sa 8 kalibracijskih točaka. Odbojkašice su izvodile smečeve, a rukometašice skok šutove na gol. Smečevi su izvođeni iz polja 4 na odbojkaškom terenu, a skok šutovi s linije vratarova prostora. Svaka ispitanica 5 puta je izvela zadani element i svaki je bio snimljen. Snimljeni materijal prenesen je u računalo, a pokušaji su za kasniju analizu bili selektirani pomoću SIMI kretnog programa (verzija 5,5, Reality Motion System, Njemačka). Analizirane su kretnje segmenata ruke i podlaktice u fazi zamaha unatrag iznad glave i fazi akceleracije kod odbojkaškog smeča i rukometnog skok šuta. Izračunati su parametri u svim ravninama: kut (θ) u stupnjevima (°), kutna brzina (w) u stupnjevima u sekundi (°/s), kutno ubrzanje (α) u stupnjevima u sekundi na kvadrat (°/s²). Razlike između grupa izračunate su korištenjem neparametrijskog testa za nezavisne uzorke (Mann Whitney–U). U fazi gornjeg stražnjeg zamaha utvrđene su statistički značajne razlike u veličini kuta, brzini i ubrzanju između odbojkašica i rukometašica u transverzalnoj, vertikalnoj i sagitalnoj ravnini (p<,01). U fazi ubrzanja utvrđene su statistički značajne razlike u veličini kuta kod pokreta segmenata ruke u transverzalnoj ravnini (p<,05). U sagitalnoj ravnini utvrđeno je da rukometašice postižu statistički značajno veće kutne vrijednosti, brzinu i ubrzanje pri kretnjama ruke u odnosu na odbojkašice (p<,05). Razlike u tim parametrima vjerojatno su posljedica činjenice da odbojkašice kod smečiranja izvode veću vertikalnu fleksiju, koja povećava vrijeme koje je potrebno da se postigne odgovarajuća brzina ruke. Rukometašice, pak, pri izvođenju rukometnog skok šuta u vrlo kratkom vremenu prenose brzinu iz horizontalne ravnine u vertikalnu ravninu

The Influence of a Single Bout of Wrestling Exercise on Serum Levels of Ischemia-modified Albumin

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of single bouts of exercise on changes in ischemia-modified albumin (IMA). Twenty wrestlers (mean age, 28.8 ± 8.96 years) participated in this study. They performed a typical 1.5-hour wrestling training session. Blood was sampled before and immediately after training. The albumin-cobalt binding test was used to measure IMA levels. Serum albumin concentrations and blood lactate levels were also evaluated. Mean serum IMA levels were 0.281 ± 0.052 ABSU before training and 0.324 ± 0.039 ABSU after training. A single bout of acute exercise led to significant (p < 0.05) increases in IMA. The results of the correlation tests indicated that there was a positive correlation between IMA and lactate levels (r = 0.873; p < 0.001). There were no significant correlations between IMA and albumin (r = −0.058; p = 0.807), and between albumin and lactate levels (r = −0.120; p = 0.613). Our results showed that demanding, intense anaerobic physical activity might influence the generation of IMA

Analysis of MYH Tyr165Cys and Gly382Asp variants in childhood leukemias

[No abstract available

Distance laboratory applications ERRL: A study on radio communication in electronic field

In the last decade, the effect of internet usage in education is gradually increased. When we look from academic perspective, the new technologies provided alternatives for students learning. As distance education becomes important everyday, the indispensable elements of teaching and education, laboratories must be reachable via remote connection. Consequently, the education that is going to be given to the students will be more flexible with respect to place and time constraints and students can reach laboratory facilities at any time and anywhere not only in lectures and practical hours. In this study, European Remote Radio Laboratory (ERRL) which is a distance remote Radio Frequency (RF) laboratory designed for electrical-electronics students, is described generally. The software architecture, infrastructure and experiment that can be done with a remote connection have been described