35 research outputs found

    Sustainable Synthesis of Green Cu2O Nanoparticles using Avocado Peel Extract as Biowaste Source

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    In recent years, there has been a significant shift towards the production of advanced nanomaterials using sustainable methods, reflecting a heightened focus on reducing environmental impact and optimizing resource utilization. This growing interest stems from the necessity to address environmental concerns and embrace eco-friendly practices in material synthesis. The primary objective of this study is to explore the ecofriendly synthesis of novel metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) by utilizing bio-waste as a sustainable precursor. The central theme revolves around employing ultrasound-assisted techniques for Cu2O NP synthesis, with a specific emphasis on utilizing avocado peel waste as an effective phytochemical compound for capping. Through systematic process optimization, we conducted a comprehensive assessment of the resulting NPs, delving into their chemical, thermal, and surface properties. Advanced characterization techniques, including X-ray Diffraction analysis (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), were employed to gain profound insights into the attributes of the synthesized NPs. Our experimental results conclusively demonstrate the successful synthesis of spherical Cu2O NPs, each with a diameter of 25 ± 2 nm. This was achieved by utilizing avocado peel waste (APW) and ultrasound-assisted cavitation at room temperature. The study significantly contributes to our understanding of the potential applications of green synthesis methods, paving the way for environmentally friendly and cost-effective Cu2O NPs

    The enhancement of gene silencing efficiency with chitosan-coated liposome formulations of siRNAs targeting HIF-1 alpha and VEGF

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    RNA interference (RNAi) holds considerable promise as a novel therapeutic strategy in the silencing of disease-causing genes. The development of effective delivery systems is important for the use of small interfering RNA (siRNA) as therapy. In the present study, we investigated the effect on breast cancer cell lines and the co-delivery of liposomes containing siHIF1-alpha and siVEGF. In order to achieve the co-delivery of siHIF1-alpha and siVEGF and to obtain lower cytotoxicity, higher transfection and silencing efficiency, in this study, we used chitosan-coated liposomal formulation as the siRNA delivery system. The obtained particle size and zeta potential values show that the chitosan coating process is an effective parameter for particle size and the zeta potential of liposomes. The liposome formulations loaded with siHIF1-alpha and siVEGF showed good stability and protected siRNA from serum degradation after 24-h of incubation. The expression level of VEGF mRNA was markedly suppressed in MCF-7 and MDA-MB435 cells transfected with chitosan-coated liposomes containing siHIF1-alpha and VEGF siRNA, respectively (95% and 94%). In vitro co-delivery of siVEGF and siHIF1-alpha using chitosan-coated liposome significantly inhibited VEGF (89%) and the HIF1-alpha (62%) protein expression when compared to other liposome formulations in the MDA-MB435 cell. The co-delivery of siVEGF and siHIF1-alpha was greatly enhanced in the vitro gene silencing efficiency. In addition, chitosan-coated liposomes showed 96% cell viability. Considering the role of VEGF and HIF1-alpha in breast cancer, siRNA-based therapies with chitosan coated liposomes may have some promises in cancer therapy. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

    DEĞERLİ VE YARI DEĞERLİ TAŞLARIN TANIMLANMASI VE MİNERALOJİK ÖZELLİKLERİ

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    Özet: Değerli ve yarı değerli taşların gizemli görünümleri, özel renkleri ve ışık oyunları onları değerli kılmaktadır, ancak, nadirliği, sertliği ve dayanıklılığı onları iki kat daha değerli kılmaktadır. Süstaşlarını değerli kılan bu özellikleri, onların super-doğal kaynaklı olmasından ve büyülü gücünden esinlenmektedir. Değerli taşlar yüzyıllar boyunca zenginlik ve romantizmin de simgesi olmuştur. Değerli ve yarı değerli taşlar, güzelliği, nadirliği ve dayanıklılığı ile dikkati çeken mineraller olup, bunlar, çoğunlukla doğal, inorganic yolla oluşan ve belli bir kimyasal bileşime ve düzenli bir iç yapıya sahip minerallerdir. Doğal olan süstaşları dışında bunların laboratuvar koşullarında doğala benzerlerinin üretildiği sentetik süstaşları ile, yapay cam ve sentetik spinel malzemesi kullanılarak üretilen taklit süstaşları da mevcuttur. Değerli ve yarı değerli taşların ister fiziksel isterse optik tüm özellikleri, bunların üç boyutlu yapısı ve kimyasal bileşimlerinden kaynaklanır. Başka bir tanımla, süstaşlarını oluşturan elementlerin atomlarının nasıl bir dizilimle içyapılarını meydana getirdiklerini görebilir, hissedebilir ve ölçebiliriz. Süstaşlarının sertlik, kırık-çatlak, dilinim, dayanıklılık, duyarlılık ve gravite (özgül ağırlık) gibi fiziksel özellikleri yanısıra, çift kırma, renk, parlaklık, lüminesans ve dağılma gibi bazı optik özellikleri de süstaşlarını tanımlamak için önemli özellikler olarak değerlendirilmektedir

    Mineral Resources of Turkey

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    Mineral Resources of Turkey

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    Mineral Resources of Turkey

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