Strategic sentiments and emotions in post-Second World War party manifestos in Finland

We contribute to the growing number of studies on emotions and politics by investigating how political parties strategically use sentiments and emotions in party manifestos. We use computational methods in examining changes of sentiments and emotions in Finnish party manifestos from 1945 to 2019. We use sentiment and emotion lexicons first translated from English into Finnish and then modified for the purposes of our study. We analyze how the use of emotions and sentiments differs between government and opposition parties depending on their left/right ideology and the specific type of party manifesto. In addition to traditional sentiment and emotion analysis, we use emotion intensity analysis. Our results indicate that in Finland, government and opposition parties do not differ substantially from each other in their use of emotional language. From a historical perspective, the individual emotions used in party manifestos have persisted, but changes have taken place in the intensity of using emotion words. We also find that in comparison with other parties, populist parties both appeal to different emotions and appeal to the same emotions with different intensities.Peer reviewe

Installed base information utilisation in industrial service development and operations

This paper describes a systematic literature review conducted to determine how installed base information (IBI) is utilised in developing and operating industrial services. We found that the reviewed literature considers IBI useful and relevant for industrial service operations, and that it is mainly used to improve service quality and efficiency. However, it is evident that there is a shortage of empirical studies and further investigations that show concrete applications of IBI in different service activities. The existing research concentrates on particular contexts, such as preventive maintenance and asset management. The asset owner perspective is emphasised in the literature, but the use of IBI for service offerings, service contracts and service sales is rarely discussed. The literature indicates that many companies lack a holistic approach to IBI management, in general, and utilisation as a part of it. It is not uncommon for companies to build large databases, but fail to do accurate analyses based on the collected data.Peer reviewe

IHI Global Trigger Tool and patient safety monitoring in Finnish hospitals : Current experiences and future trends

Patient safety work relies on the service provider s ability to monitor the levels of patient safety achieved, identify where improvements are needed and follow the impact of implemented interventions. Trigger tools - means for performing focused medical records reviews either manually or automatically, are a strong candidate for supporting these tasks. This report examines the research evidence on the IHI Global Trigger Tool (GTT) and presents experiences accumulated in Finland during implementation of the tool in the hospital environment, as well as experimentations for further developments. In addition, the up-to-date evidence and future prospects on automated trigger tools are reviewed and discussed. The report aims to serve healthcare management and clinical staff working with patient safety issues on the organisational level, by providing background evidence with regard to trigger tool methodology and its implementation requirements. The report constitutes useful reading also for policy makers, developers and researchers in the fields of patient safety, healthcare quality and health information technology

Incidence of surgically treated post-traumatic hydrocephalus 6 months following head injury in patients undergoing acute head computed tomography

Background Post-traumatic hydrocephalus (PTH) is a well-known complication of head injury. The percentage of patients experiencing PTH in trauma cohorts (0.7-51.4%) varies greatly in the prior literature depending on the study population and applied diagnostic criteria. The objective was to determine the incidence of surgically treated PTH in a consecutive series of patients undergoing acute head computed tomography (CT) following injury. Methods All patients (N=2908) with head injuries who underwent head CT and were treated at the Tampere University Hospital's Emergency Department (August 2010-July 2012) were retrospectively evaluated from patient medical records. This study focused on adults (18 years or older) who were residents of the Pirkanmaa region at the time of injury and were clinically evaluated and scanned with head CT at the Tampere University Hospital's emergency department within 48 h after injury (n = 1941). A thorough review of records for neurological signs and symptoms of hydrocephalus was conducted for all patients having a radiological suspicion of hydrocephalus. The diagnosis of PTH was based on clinical and radiological signs of the condition within 6 months following injury. The main outcome was surgical treatment for PTH. Clinical evidence of shunt responsiveness was required to confirm the diagnosis of PTH. Results The incidence of surgically treated PTH was 0.15% (n = 3). Incidence was 0.08% among patients with mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) and 1.1% among those with moderate to severe TBI. All the patients who developed PTH underwent neurosurgery during the initial hospitalization due to the head injury. The incidence of PTH among patients who underwent neurosurgery for acute traumatic intracranial lesions was 2.7%. Conclusion The overall incidence of surgically treated PTH was extremely low (0.15%) in our cohort. Analyses of risk factors and the evaluation of temporal profiles could not be undertaken due to the extremely small number of cases.Peer reviewe

Enhanced attention capture by emotional stimuli in mild traumatic brain injury

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) may be associated with compromised executive functioning and altered emotional reactivity. Despite frequent affective and cognitive symptoms in mTBI, objective evidence for brain dysfunction is often lacking. Previously we have reported compromised performance in symptomatic mTBI patients in an executive reaction time (RT) test, a computer-based RT test engaging several executive functions simultaneously. Here, we investigated the cognitive control processes in mTBI in context of threat-related stimuli. We used behavioral measures and event-related potentials (ERP) to investigate attentional capture by task-relevant and task-irrelevant emotional stimuli during a Go-NoGo task requiring cognitive control. We also assessed subjective cognitive, somatic, and emotional symptoms with questionnaires. Twenty-seven subjects with previous mTBI and 17 controls with previous ankle injury participated in the study over 9 months post-injury. Electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded while patients performed a modified executive RT-test. N2-P3 ERP component was used as a general measure of allocated attentional and executive processing resources. Although at the time of the testing, the mTBI and the control groups did not differ in symptom endorsement, mTBI patients reported having had more emotional symptoms overall since the injury than controls. The overall RT-test performance levels did not differ between groups. However, when threat-related emotional stimuli were used as Go-signals, the mTBI group was faster than the control group. In comparison to neutral stimuli, threat-related stimuli were associated with increased N2-P3 amplitude in all conditions. This threat-related enhancement of the N2-P3 complex was greater in mTBI patients than in controls in response to Go signals and NoGo signals, independent of relevance. We conclude that mTBI may be associated with enhanced attentional and executive resource allocation to threat-related stimuli. Along with behavioral evidence for enhanced attention allocation to threat stimuli, increased brain responses to threat were observed in mTBI. Enhanced attention capture by threat-related emotional stimuli may reflect inefficient top-down control of bottom-up influences of emotion, and might contribute to affective symptoms in mTBI.Fil: Exposito, Veronica. Tampere University Hospital; Finlandia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Kuusinen, Venla. Tampere University Hospital; FinlandiaFil: Brause, Maarja. Tampere University Hospital; FinlandiaFil: Peräkylä, Jari. Tampere University Hospital; FinlandiaFil: Polvivaara, Markus. Tampere University Hospital; FinlandiaFil: Dos Santos Ribeiro, Rodolfo. Tampere University Hospital; FinlandiaFil: Öhman, Juha. Tampere University Hospital; FinlandiaFil: Hartikainen, Kaisa M.. Tampere University Hospital; Finlandi

Immediate effects of deep brain stimulation of anterior thalamic nuclei on executive functions and emotion-attention interaction in humans

BACKGROUND: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of anterior thalamic nuclei (ANT) is a novel promising therapeutic method for treating refractory epilepsy. Despite reports of subjective memory impairments and mood disturbances in patients with ANT-DBS, little is known of its effects on cognitive and affective processes. HYPOTHESIS: The anterior thalamus has connections to prefrontal and limbic networks important for cognitive control and emotional reactivity. More specifically, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), linked with ANT, has been assigned roles related to response inhibition and attention allocation to threat. Thus, we hypothesized ANT-DBS to influence executive functions, particularly response inhibition, and modulate emotional reactivity to threat. METHOD: Twelve patients having undergone ANT-DBS for intractable epilepsy participated in the study. Patients performed a computer-based executive reaction time (RT) test—that is, a go/ no-go visual discrimination task with threat-related emotional distractors and rule switching, while the DBS was switched ON (5/5 mA constant current) and OFF every few minutes. RESULTS: ANT-DBS increased the amount of commission errors—that is, errors where subjects failed to withhold from responding. Furthermore, ANT-DBS slowed RTs in context of threat-related distractors. When stimulation was turned off, threat-related distractors had no distinct effect on RTs. CONCLUSION: We found immediate objective effects of ANT-DBS on human cognitive control and emotion-attention interaction. We suggest that ANT-DBS compromised response inhibition and enhanced attention allocation to threat due to altered functioning of neural networks that involve the DBS-target, ANT, and the regions connected to it such as ACC. The results highlight the need to consider affective and cognitive side-effects in addition to the therapeutic effect when adjusting stimulation parameters. Furthermore, this study introduces a novel window into cognitive and affective processes by modulating the associative and limbic networks with direct stimulation of key nodes in the thalamus