Factors threating food security and solutions

Sürekli artış gösteren dünya nüfusu, bugün 7 milyarı geçmiştir. Artan nüfusla beraber, insanların tüketim maddelerine olan talep miktarları da artış göstermektedir. Bu tüketim maddelerinin başında ise, gıda ürünleri gelmektedir. Tarım, insanların yaşamlarını devam ettirebilmeleri için gerekli olan gıda ürünlerini üreten bir sektör olduğundan büyük önem derecesine sahiptir ve gıda güvencesinin sürdürebilirliğini sağlaması gerekmektedir. Gıda güvencesi, Dünya Gıda ve Tarım Teşkilatı tarafından, insanların yaşamlarını sürdürebilmeleri için gerekli olan gıdayı, zamanında ve yeterli miktarda bulup, satın alabilmeleri olarak ifade edilmektedir. Toplumlar, ekonomik etmenler, doğada meydana gelen değişimler, sosyal ve politik bazı etmenler ile gıda güvencesini sağlamada sorunlar yaşamaya başlamışlardır. Son yıllarda hızla değişen iklimin beraberinde getirdiği kuraklık, kullanılabilir suyun azalması, kaynakların aşırı ve hor kullanımı, tarım arazilerinin bilinçsiz kullanımı ile verimsizleşmesi, üretim maliyetlerinin artması ile ürün fiyatlarında meydana gelen artışlar, düşük gelir seviyesi, işsizlik, yetersiz ve kontrolsüz tarımsal destekler gibi birçok faktör toplumları gıda güvencesi sorunu ile karşı karşıya getirmektedir. Bu çalışmada, daha önce konu ile ilgili yapılmış olan çalışmalar ve istatistikler incelenerek, gıda güvencesi ve gıda güvencesi sorununu doğuran etmenler belirtilmiş, gıda güvencesini sağlayabilmek için gerekli yollar tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır.A world population with constant increase has passed 7 billion today. With increasing population, amount of demand for consumer goods of people has increased. At the beginning of this consumer goods, food products come.Agriculture has great significance, because it is a sector that produces food products people need to survive and required to provide assurance of sustainability of food security. Food security is expressed by the World Food and Agriculture Organization that people finds a sufficient amount of food and buys in time. Community begin to experience problems for ensuring food security factors because of economic factors,changes occuring in nature. Drought brought about by the rapidly changing climate in recent years, the available water depletion, excessive and contempt use of resources, and the irresponsible use of agricultural land and finally infertilation, increases occurred in the price of the product with the increase of production costs, low income, unemployment, many factors such as inadequate and uncontrolled agricultural support are the problems of food security community has been faced. In this study,it has been indicated food security and sources of problems for food security by examining studies conducted before and statistics

Pulmonary Involvement of Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma with Cavitary Lesions

Abstract Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of extranodal lymphoma. Typically disease occurs fastly growing nodal or extranodal masses with systemic symptoms. Pulmonary involvement may also occur in DLBCL. Here we present a DLBCL with cavitary lesions in the lung. A 59-year-old male was diagnosed with DLBCL through an endoscopic gastric biopsy that was performed 1.5 years ago. After six course of R-CHOP chemotherapy, the relaps of disease was confirmed with mediastinoscopy. Despite two courses of RICE chemotherapy and one course of R-BAB therapies, the patient was admitted to the intensive care unit with shortness of breath and tachypnea. Thorax computed tomography showed a mass lesion that enclosed and narrowed the right major bronchus and multiple lesions with cavitation. The infections were excluded with bronchoscopy. The patient received pulse steroid therapy, radiotherapy and three courses of Hyper-CVAD chemotherapy. In the control thorax CT, cavitary lesions got smaller, respiratory insufficiency of patient improved. When pulmonary cavitary lesions are observed in patients under follow-up with the diagnosis of lymphoma, the pulmonary involvement of lymphoma should also be considered in addition to the infectious agents

A snapshot of pediatric inpatients and outpatients with COVID-19: a point prevalence study from Turkey

This multi-center point prevalence study evaluated children who were diagnosed as having coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). On February 2nd, 2022, inpatients and outpatients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were included in the study from 12 cities and 24 centers in Turkey. Of 8605 patients on February 2nd, 2022, in participating centers, 706 (8.2%) had COVID-19. The median age of the 706 patients was 92.50 months, 53.4% were female, and 76.7% were inpatients. The three most common symptoms of the patients with COVID-19 were fever (56.6%), cough (41.3%), and fatigue (27.5%). The three most common underlying chronic diseases (UCDs) were asthma (3.4%), neurologic disorders (3.3%), and obesity (2.6%). The SARS-CoV-2-related pneumoniae rate was 10.7%. The COVID-19 vaccination rate was 12.5% in all patients. Among patients aged over 12 years with access to the vaccine given by the Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health, the vaccination rate was 38.7%. Patients with UCDs presented with dyspnea and pneumoniae more frequently than those without UCDs (p < 0.001 for both). The rates of fever, diarrhea, and pneumoniae were higher in patients without COVID-19 vaccinations (p = 0.001, p = 0.012, and p = 0.027). Conclusion: To lessen the effects of the disease, all eligible children should receive the COVID-19 vaccine. The illness may specifically endanger children with UCDs. What is Known: • Children with COVID-19 mainly present with fever and cough, as in adults. • COVID-19 may specifically threaten children with underlying chronic diseases. What is New: • Children with obesity have a higher vaccination rate against COVID-19 than children without obesity. • Among unvaccinated children, fever and pneumoniae might be seen at a higher ratio than among vaccinated children

Education of healthcare personnel working with pediatric patients during covid-19 pandemic within the framework of infection control Covid-19 pandemisinde enfeksiyon kontrol çalışmaları çerçevesinde çocuk hastalarla çalışan sağlık personeli eğitimi

© 2020, AVES. All rights reserved.Objective: In the early stages of any epidemic caused by new emerging pathogens healthcare personnel is subject to a great risk. Pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, proved to be no exception. Many healthcare workers died in the early stages of pandemic due to inadequate precautions and insufficient protection. It is essential to protect and maintain the safety of healthcare personnel for the confinement of pandemic as well as continuity of qualified healthcare services which is already under strain. Educating healthcare personnel on appropiate use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is as essential as procuring them. Material and Methods: A survey is conducted on 4927 healthcare personnel working solely with pediatric patients from 32 different centers. Education given on PPE usage were questioned and analyzed depending on age, sex, occupation and region. Results: Among four thousand nine hundred twelve healthcare personnel from 32 different centers 91% (n= 4457) received education on PPE usage. Of those who received education only 36% was given both theoretical and applied education. Although there was no differences among different occupation groups, receiving education depended on regions. Conclusion: It is essential to educate healthcare personnel appropiately nationwidely for the continuity of qualified healthcare services during the pandemic

Evaluation of vaccination status of health care workers for recommended vaccines and their acceptance of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines

© 2022 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.Introduction: Health care workers (HCWs) are disproportionately exposed to infectious diseases and play a role in nosocomial transmission, making them a key demographic for vaccination. HCW vaccination rates are not optimal in many countries; hence, compulsory vaccination policies have been implemented in some countries. Although these policies are effective and necessary under certain conditions, resolving HCWs’ hesitancies and misconceptions about vaccines is crucial. HCWs have the advantage of direct contact with patients; hence, they can respond to safety concerns, explain the benefits of vaccination, and counter antivaccine campaigns that escalate during pandemics, as has been observed with COVID-19. Method: A short survey was carried out in May–June 2020 on the vaccination status of HCWs working with pediatric patients with COVID-19. The survey inquired about their vaccination status (mumps/measles/rubella [MMR], varicella, influenza, and diphtheria/tetanus [dT]) and willingness to receive hypothetical future COVID-19 vaccines. The respondents were grouped according to gender, age, occupation, and region. Results: In total, 4927 HCWs responded to the survey. Most were young, healthy adults. The overall vaccination rates were 57.8% for dT in the past 10 years, 44.5% for MMR, 33.2% for varicella, and 13.5% for influenza. Vaccination rates were the highest among physicians. The majority of HCWs (81%) stated that they would be willing to receive COVID-19 vaccines. Conclusion: Although vaccination rates for well-established vaccines were low, a majority of HCWs were willing to receive COVID-19 vaccines when available. Education and administrative trust should be enhanced to increase vaccination rates among HCWs