Hellenistik ve roma dönemi lykia lahitleri üzerine tipolojik bir önerme

The typological studies of Lycian tombs began in the eighteenth century. Although these pioneer typologies were not satisfactory, studies continued in subsequent years. Akurgal divided them into three groups and put all the Lycian sarcophagi in the second group in his typology. But he does not distinguish the differences between these sarcophagi. In addition, the second group is also termed: ‘The Monuments of Tombs in the Tradition of Native Anatolia’'. This terminology contradicts the characteristics of these sarcophagi, as Lycian sarcophagi reflect not only native Anatolian traditions; but also influences from Greek, Persian and Roman art. In the 1970's, Borchhardt created a new typology that was more detailed. Subsequently Atila, İdil and İskan-Yılmaz attempted new typologies. This study is a continuation from these typologies. In this typology study, before all else the attempt was made to understand the sarcophagi in Lycia during the problematic Hellenistic and Roman periods. From my previous studies elsewhere in Lycia, these sarcophagi can be divided into 5 distinct types.Lykia mezarları tipolojisi 18. yüzyıldan itibaren çalışılan bir alan olmakla birlikte, erken dönem araştırmaları çok yeterli değildir. Akurgal tarafından yapılan araştırmada üç grupta incelenen Lykia mezar-ları içinde lahitler ikinci gruba alınmış ancak araların-daki farklılıklar değerlendirilmemiştir. Akurgal, ikinci gruba yerleştirdiği mezarların tamamını “Yerli Anadolu Geleneğini Sürdüren Mezar Anıtları” olarak tanımlamış ancak, Lykia lahitlerinin sadece yerli Anadolu gelene-ğini değil, Hellen, Pers ve Roma etkilerini de taşıdığı göz ardı edilmiştir. 1970’lerden itibaren Borchhardt, Atila, İdil ve Yılmaz tarafından Lykia lahitleri üzerine tipoloji çalışmaları gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada ise tüm bu çalışmaların hem devamı hem de -şimdilik- son noktasını oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Lykia Bölgesi’nin Hellenistik ve Roma Dönemleri lahitleri ele alınmış ve hangi tipin ne zaman başlayıp hangi döneme kadar devam ettiği araştırılmıştır. Şimdiye kadarli öncül çalışmalarımdan Lykia’nın farklı yerle-rinde bu tarz lahitler 5 farklı gruba ayrılabilmektedir

Mapping a neoliberal transition the case of Sulukule

This thesis aims to fundamentally cover the subject of the process of localizing neoliberalism through examining one of the state's neoliberal policies, the urban transformations projects, as well as the volunteer work undertaken by nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) towards this. By focusing on a Roma district which lies beyond the borders of society, this study examines the urban transformation projects carried out as a result of these neoliberal policies and the reasoning behind them. This study points out NGOs and their activities, the result of these urban transformation projects and the resulting web of power relations, as the main underlying problem. The tendency of the state and volunteers to try to normalize the Roma, under the banner of “empowerment”, is read as a localization of neoliberalism. Keywords: Urban Transformation, Volunteerism, Civil Society, Neoliberalism, Romani StudiesAbstract……………………………………………………………………. v Öz ...……………………………………………………………………….. vi Dedication ..…………………………………………………………………. vi Acknowledgements / Preface .………………………………………………. vii Table of Contents ……………………………………………………............ x 1. Introduction .………………………………………………………… 1 2. Neoliberalism and Neoliberal Urbanism …………………………… 9 2.1.Neoliberalism …………………………………………………… 11 2.1.1 Neoliberalism as an Economic Program ……………………… 11 2.1.2. Neoliberalism as a Governmental Rationality ……………....... 17 2.1.3 Is it possible to Think in an Alternative Way? ……………....... 20 2.2.Neoliberal Urbanism …..………………………………………... 21 2.2.1. Legal Arrangements………………………………………....... 24 2.2.2.Public- Private Partnerships ………………………………....... 29 2.2.3. Gentrification of the Urban Land …………………………….. 34 2.2.4 The Discourse of Urgency ……………………………….......... 38 3. The Unequal Encounters Between Sulukulelians and the State.......... 44 3.1.Sulukule before Gentrification: History of Poverty and Solidarity 45 3.2. Gentrification of Sulukule …….…………………………........... 53 3.2.1. Towards Destructions ..………………………………………. 59 3.2.2. Sulukule Turns into Rent Field…...………………………...... 61 3.2.3. The New Owners of Sulukule ….……………………………. 66 3.2.4. Taşoluk, a Normalizing Project…..….……………………….. 68 3.2.5. European Parliament ….…………………………………....... 73 3.2.6. At the Human Rights Commission of the National Assembly of Turkish Republic.…………………………….………………....... 74 3.2.7. After the Decision of the Commission .………………………. 76 3.3.The Latest Situation of Sulukule ..………………………………. 79 4. The Unequal Encounters Between Sulukulelians and the Volunteers 81 4.1.Redressive Stage of Sulukule …..………..……………………… 83 4.2.Power, Discourse, and NGOs …..….……………………………. 86 4.2.1 Discursive Formations of NGOs in Sulukule …..……………... 88 4.2.2 The Dual Construction of the Capable Citizen Volunteers and Needy People of Sulukule……...……….............. 90 4.2.3 Conscious Volunteers vs. Unconscious Sulukulelians………… 93 4.2.4 Conscientious Volunteers ………………..……………………. 96 4.2.5 Kindhearted Volunteers ………..…………………………........ 101 4.3. New Intervention Areas ..……………………………………….. 102 4.4.Empowerment …...……………………………………………… 104 4.4.1 Empowerment as a Depoliticizing Strategy ….……………….. 110 4.4.2 Civil Society, Non- Governmental Organizations, Democratization………………………………………………….. 115 5. NGOs Between Two Worlds, Locals and Internationals ……...…….. 125 5.1.Sulukule Volunteers Association ….……..…………………….. 125 5.1.1 The Discourse of Blaming ………..………………….............. 128 5.1.2 The Educative Activities and Programs of SVA ..……………. 132 5.2.ROMFO – Turkey Roman Rights Forum …..…….…………….. 134 5.2.1 Grant System: Making of the Anti-politics ….……………….. 144 5.2.2 The Fights against Early Marriage ….……………………....... 146 5.2.3 Training Programs …..……………………………………....... 149 6. Conclusion..…………………...……………………………………… 153 Bibliography ……..………………………………………………………….. 15

Kripto Varlıkların Denetimi: Blok Zincir Teknolojisinin Bağımsız Denetim Sürecine Etkisi

Günümüzde yapay zekâ kavramının literatüre dahil olması ve bu kavramın geleceğin teknolojisi olarak tanımlanması ile gelişen teknolojilerin hızı ve iş süreçlerinin dijitalleşmesi, muhasebe ve denetim alanı çalışanlarının da bu sürece hızlıca uyum sağlamalarını gerektirmektedir. Blok Zincir sayesinde veri işleme sürecinin daha hızlı ve doğru bir biçimde gerçekleşecek olması, “big data” üretimi ve veri depolama yöntemlerinin gelişmesi ile sonuçlanmaktadır. Muhasebe denetim alanı çalışanları blok zincir teknolojisine uyum sağlayabilmek amacıyla mevcut yetenek, bilgi ve becerileri geliştirmek ve genişletmek zorunda kalacaklardır. Bu çalışma kapsamında öncelikle TFRS kapsamında kripto varlık işlemlerinin muhasebeleştirilmesi incelenmiş, bu varlıkların bağımsız denetim sürecine eklenmesi ile meslek mensuplarının eğitim ve becerilerinin nasıl geliştirilmesi gerektiği örneklerle tartışılmaktadır. Çalışmanın sonuçları uyarınca kripto varlık işlemlerinin finansal tablolarda nasıl yer alacağı ve denetiminin hangi düzenlemelere bağlı olarak yapılacağına ilişkin yalnızca yol gösterici nitelikte kılavuzların bulunduğu, fakat sözü geçen konulara ilişkin uluslararası düzeyde tek bir düzenlemeye ihtiyaç duyulduğu görülmektedir. Bu uluslararası düzenleme ile bağımsız denetçilerin kripto varlıkların denetimine yönelik mesleki yeterliliklerini artıracağı öngörülmektedir

Türkiye’de okul öncesinde kaynaştırma eğitimine ilişkin paydaş görüşlerinin incelenmesi: Bir derleme çalışması

The aim of this study is to examine the studies carried out with stakeholders for inclusive education applied in the preschool period in Turkey between 2000-2019 and to evaluate the current situation in our country. As Stakeholders, it consists of in-service and pre-service teachers, parents, and children included in the inclusive education, and the thematic distribution of their views have been examined. Within the scope of the research, a total of 36 publications consisting of research and review articles, master and doctoral thesis studies scanned in the ULAKBİM and The Council of Higher Education (CHE) Documentation Department were reached. As a result of the research, the studies conducted with the stakeholders of inclusive education, the attitude towards inclusive, knowledge level, perspective, difficulties experienced, anxiety levels, and social adaptation variables were examined. The findings of the current study showed that teachers feel themselves incomplete and inadequate in inclusive education. It was observed that families had difficulties due to insufficient information provided during the transition to inclusive education. In addition, it was found that children, who are other stakeholders, often have problems in communication with their peers during the inclusive education process.Bu çalışmanın amacı, okul öncesi dönemde uygulanan kaynaştırma eğitimine yönelik paydaşlarla yapılan ve 2000-2019 yılları arasında Türkiye’de gerçekleştirilen çalışmaları incelemek ve ülkemizdeki mevcut durumu değerlendirmektir. Ele alınan paydaşlar; öğretmen ve öğretmen adayları, anne-baba ve kaynaştırma eğitimine dahil edilen çocuklardan oluşmaktadır ve onların görüşlerinin tematik dağılımları incelenmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında, ULAKBİM ve Yüksek Öğretim Kurumu’de taranan araştırma ve derleme makaleleri, yüksek lisans ve doktora tez çalışmalarından oluşan toplam 36 yayına ulaşılmıştır. Yapılan araştırma sonucunda kaynaştırma eğitiminin paydaşlarla yapılan araştırmalar kapsamında, kaynaştırmaya karşı sergilenen tutum, bilgi düzeyi, bakış açısı, yaşanılan zorluklar, kaygı düzeyleri ve sosyal uyum gibi çeşitli değişkenler incelenmiştir. Araştırma bulguları, öğretmenlerin kaynaştırma eğitiminde kendilerini eksik ve yetersiz hissettiklerini göstermiştir. Ailelerin, kaynaştırma eğitimine geçiş sürecinde yeterince bilgi sunulmadığı için zorlandıkları görülmüştür. Ayrıca diğer paydaş olan çocukların, kaynaştırma eğitimi sürecinde genellikle akranları ile iletişimde sorunlar yaşadıkları bulunmuştur

Derin öğrenme yöntemi ile panoramik radyografiden diş eksikliklerinin tespiti: Bir yapay zekâ pilot çalışması

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, panoramik radyografide diş eksikliklerinin değerlendirilmesi için tasarlanmış tanı amaçlı bilgisayar yazılımının işlevini geliştirmek ve değerlendirmektir.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Veri seti eksik diş tespiti için 99 tam diş ve 54 eksik diş olmak üzere 153 görüntüden oluşmaktadır. Tüm görüntüler Ağız, Diş ve Çene Radyolojisi uzmanları tarafından tekrar kontrol edilmiş ve doğrulanmıştır. Veri setindeki tüm görüntüler eğitim öncesinde 971 X 474 piksel olarak yeniden boyutlandırılmıştır. Açık kaynak kodlu python programlama dili ve OpenCV, NumPy, Pandas, ile Matplotlib kütüphaneleri etkin olarak kullanılarak bir rastgele dizilim oluşturulmuştur. Önceden eğitilmiş bir Google Net Inception v3 CNN ağı ön işleme için kullanılmış ve veri setleri transfer öğrenimi kullanılarak eğitilmiştir.Bulgular: Eğitim de kullanılan görüntülerin modeli tahminlendirmesi ile çıkan başarı oranı % 94.7’dir. Eğitimde kullanılmayan test için ayrılan görüntülerin tahminlemesindeki başarı oranı % 75’dir. Sonuç: Derin öğrenme tekniklerinde veri seti arttıkça başarı oranları da artmaktadır. Daha fazla görüntüyle oluşacak veri setininin eğitim modellerinde başarı oranları yükselecektir. Gelecek çalışmalar daha büyük veri setleriyle yapılmalıdır.ANAHTAR KELİMELER Panoramik radyografi, derin öğrenme, yapay zek

Knowledge and attitudes towards complementary and alternative medicine among medical students in Turkey

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine knowledge and attitudes towards Complementary and Alternative Medicine among medical students in Turkey, and find out whether they want to be trained in Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM). METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out between October and December 2010 among medical students. Data were collected from a total of seven medical schools. FINDINGS: The study included 943 medical students. The most well known methods among the students were herbal treatment (81.2 %), acupuncture (80.8 %), hypnosis (78.8 %), body-based practices including massage (77 %) and meditation (65.2 %), respectively. Acupuncture, aromatherapy, herbal treatment and meditation were better known among female participants compared to males (p < 0.05). Females and first year students, generally had more positive attitudes. A larger proportion of female students compared to male students reported that a doctor should be knowledgeable about CAM (p = 0.001), and this knowledge would be helpful in their future professional lives (p = 0.015). Positive attitudes towards and willingness to receive training declined as the number of years spent in the faculty of medicine increased. CONCLUSIONS: Majority of the medical students were familiar with the CAM methods widely used in Turkey, while most of them had positive attitudes towards CAM as well as willingness to receive training on the subject, and they were likely to recommend CAM methods to their patients in their future professional lives. With its gradual scientific development and increasing popularity, there appears a need for a coordinated policy in integrating CAM into the medical curriculum, by taking expectations of and feedback from medical students into consideration in setting educational standards

SUCCESS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEM IN DETERMINING ALVEOLAR BONE LOSS FROM DENTAL PANORAMIC RADIOGRAPHY IMAGES

Objectives: The aim of this study was to detect alveolar bone loss from dental panoramic radiographic images using artificial intelligence systems. Material and Methods: A total of 2276 panoramic radiographic images were used in this study. While 1137 of them belong to cases with bone destruction, 1139 were periodontally healthy. The dataset is divided into three parts as training (n=1856) , validation (n=210) and testing set (n= 210). All images in the data set were resized to 1472x718 pixels before training. A random sequence was created using the open-source python programming language and OpenCV, NumPy, Pandas, and Matplotlib libraries effectively. A pre-trained Google Net Inception v3 CNN network was used for preprocessing and data sets were trained using transfer learning. Diagnostic performance was evaluated with the confusion matrix using sensivitiy, specificity, precision, accuracy and F1 score. Results: Of the 105 cases with bone loss, 99 were detected by the AI system. Sensitivity was 0.94, specificity 0.88, precision 0.89, accuracy 0.91 and F1 score 0.91. Conclusion: The convolutional neural network model is successful in determining periodontal bone losses. It can be used as a system to facilitate the work of physicians in diagnosis and treatment planning in the future

THE EFFECTS OF 3D MODELING ON PLANNING OF MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY: A Preliminary CBCT STUDY

Abstract: Objectives: The aim is to evaluate the contribution of 3D modeling data to the planning of the maxillofacial surgery and to determine the indications of 3D modeling. Materials and Methods: In this preliminary study, CBCT images of 2 patients with the Kodak 9000 3D (Kodak Carestream Health, Trophy, France) system were used. The segmentation procedures of the pathologies were performed manually, and was followed by the construction of the 3D models. A questionnaire was prepared by consensus of the research team, including the parameters which are critical in preoperative maxillofacial surgery planning. Five oral and maxillofacial surgeons independently evaluated both the traditional CBCT data and 3D model assisted data under the same viewing conditions. The extent of their decision change was scored using a 2 point Likert scale. Conventional (pre 3D model) versus 3D model assisted data (post 3D model) scores were analyzed. Pair-wise comparisons were completed using Fisher’s exact test (P &lt; 0.05). Kappa was used to measure inter-observer agreement. Results: In both of the evaluation sessions (pre and post 3D model), operation time, defect size and complication risk factors showed the highest variation for both patients. The difference between the decision change proportions for the variables of pre and post 3D model sessions were not statistically significant (p&gt;0.05). Except 2 observers with excellent agreement for both evaluations (p=0.036), the agreement rates were fair without statistical significance. Conclusions: The results confirmed that personalized 3D modeling constructed by CBCT data may lead to changes in surgical treatment planning protocol of complex cases

Human inbreeding has decreased in time through the Holocene

The history of human inbreeding is controversial. In particular, how the development of sedentary and/or agricultural societies may have influenced overall inbreeding levels is unclear. Here we present an approach for reliable estimation of runs of homozygosity (ROH) in genomes with ≥3x mean sequence coverage across >1 million SNPs, and apply this to 411 ancient Eurasian genomes from the last 15,000 years. We show that the frequency of inbreeding, as measured by ROH, has decreased over time. The strongest effect is associated with the Neolithic transition, but the trend has since continued, indicating a population size effect on inbreeding prevalence. We further show that most inbreeding in our historical sample can be attributed to small population size instead of consanguinity. We observed singular cases of high consanguinity only among members of farming societies

A genomic snapshot of demographic and cultural dynamism in Upper Mesopotamia during the Neolithic Transition

Upper Mesopotamia played a key role in the Neolithic Transition in Southwest Asia through marked innovations in symbolism, technology, and foodways. We present thirteen ancient genomes (c.8500-7500 calBCE) from Pre-Pottery Neolithic Çayönü in the Tigris basin together with bioarchaeological and material culture data. Our findings reveal that Çayönü was a genetically diverse population, carrying a mixed ancestry from western and eastern Fertile Crescent, and that the community received immigrants. Our results further suggest that the community was organised along biological family lines. We document bodily interventions such as head-shaping and cauterization among the individuals examined, reflecting Çayönü's cultural ingenuity. Finally, we identify Upper Mesopotamia as the likely source of eastern gene flow into Neolithic Anatolia, in line with material culture evidence. We hypothesise that Upper Mesopotamia's cultural dynamism during the Neolithic Transition was the product not only of its fertile lands but also of its interregional demographic connections