An Empirical Investigation on Consumer Credit Default Risk

This paper explores the relationship between consumer credit clients’ payment performance i.e. credit default risk and some demographic and financial variables. Data to examine this relationship is obtained from the customer records of a private bank in Turkey. A logistic binary regression is used to evaluate the data. Financial variables rather than the demographic characteristics of clients have a significant influence on customers’ pay back performance. Thus, the longer the maturity time, the higher the interest rate, and the higher the credit default risks. This suggests bankers apply appropriate adjustments to financial variables in order to minimize credit default risk.

An Empirical Investigation on Consumer Credit Default Risk

This paper explores the relationship between consumer credit clients payment performance i.e. credit default risk and some demographic and financial variables. Data to examine this relationship is obtained from the customer records of a private bank in Turkey. A logistic binary regression is used to evaluate the data. Financial variables rather than the demographic characteristics of clients have a significant influence on customers pay back performance. Thus, the longer the maturity time, the higher the interest rate, and the higher the credit default risks. This suggests bankers apply appropriate adjustments to financial variables in order to minimize credit default risk

Normal coronary diameters in Turkish population

Background: This study aims to define normal coronary artery diameters of males and females in a sample of Turkish population, compared to Asian-Indian and Western Caucasian populations. Methods: Angiographic and demographic data of a total of 324 patients (147 males, 177 females; mean age 55.3 +/- 10.1 years; range, 32 to 82 years) who underwent elective coronary angiography with angiographically normal coronary arteries between July 2017 and March 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. Proximal diameters of major epicardial coronary arteries were measured using the Axiom Artis software according to edge detection method. All the measurements were adjusted to the body surface area. Unadjusted and adjusted values were compared between genders and with the Asian-Indian and Caucasian population samples. Results: The mean diameters of unadjusted/adjusted left main coronary artery, proximal left anterior descending artery, proximal left circumflex artery, and proximal right coronary artery were 4.5 +/- 0.6 mm/2.4 +/- 0.4 mm/m(2), 3.7 +/- 0.5 mm/1.9 +/- 0.3 mm/m(2), 3.3 +/- 0.6 mm/1.7 +/- 0.3 mm/m(2), and 3.4 +/- 0.6 mm/1.8 +/- 0.4 mm/m(2), respectively. Adjusted left main coronary artery and proximal left circumflex artery were narrower, and unadjusted proximal left anterior descending artery and unadjusted/adjusted proximal right coronary artery were larger in men, compared to women in the Turkish population. Turkish population had similar body surface area and unadjusted/adjusted coronary diameters with Caucasians, whereas adjusted proximal left anterior descending artery was larger in the Turkish population than in Asian-Indians. Conclusion: Our study findings on the Turkish population contradict the traditional belief that women have narrower coronary arteries then men. Furthermore, the Turkish population have comparable adjusted/unadjusted coronary diameters with the Western Caucasians, but larger adjusted/unadjusted proximal left anterior descending artery, compared to Asian-Indians. We believe that our findings may contribute to the global data pool of normal coronary diameters and can be utilized in future studies as a database

Characteristics of Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia Treated with High-flow Oxygen and Non-invasive Ventilation Outside the Intensive Care Unit

Objective:Comparing high-flow oxygen (HFO) and non-invasive ventilation (NIV) treatment methods applied to patients hospitalized in the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) service outside the intensive care unit.Materials and Methods:Demographic characteristics, duration of hospitalization and application times, acute phase reactants, ROX index, comorbid conditions, radiological scores and results were evaluated retrospectively in patients treated with HFO (n=26) and NIV (n=23) who were hospitalized in the COVID service outside the intensive care unit of the state hospital between November 2020 and June 2021.Results:A total of 49 patients, 27 males and 22 females, were included in the study. The mean age was 55.6±14.6 years. The most common comorbidities were hypertension (n=27), diabetes (n=15). Patients in the HFO group were hospitalized for 16.6±9.4 days, HFO was applied for 6±4.6 days. Patients in the NIV group were hospitalized for 9.4±6.4 days, NIV was applied for 5.8±4.2 days. The saturation of the patients who were administered HFO (84.1±4.6) were found to be lower than those who received NIV (88.7±2). It was determined that 18.37% of 49 patients e.g. 5 of whom were treated with HFO and 4 of them were those who received NIV treatment. The ROX index was found to be significantly lower in the death group (n=9) compared to the survivors (n=40). In radiological imaging, there was no significant difference in the severity of pneumonia in patients treated with HFO and NIV. Lactate dehydrogenase and C-reactive protein from acute phase reactants at the time of hospitalization were significantly higher in the group who ex.Conclusion:It was determined that HFO or NIV was not different in terms of mortality in thr non-intensive care COVID service

Determination of vocational school students’ school climate perceptions

Okul iklimi, eğitimin kalitesini belirleyen ve öğretmenlerle beraber öğrencilerin davranışlarını etkileyen önemli bir olgudur. Bu nedenle eğitimin kalitesi açısından okul iklimi ile ilgili araştırmaların artması gerekmektedir. Bu araştırmada, meslek yüksekokulu öğrencilerinin okul iklimi algılarını belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma modeli olarak nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden biri olan betimsel model kullanılmıştır. “Okul İklimi Ölçeği” ile veri toplanan araştırmaya, bir vakıf üniversitesinin meslek yüksekokulunda ve sağlık hizmetleri meslek yüksekokulunda öğrenim görmekte olan “664” öğrenci katılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, öğrencilerin en fazla “85.00 puan” alınabilen okul iklimi ölçeğinden aldıkları ortalama puan “56.65” (Ss=14.68) olarak belirlenmiştir. Öğrencilerin okul iklimi ortalama puanları “orta düzey (45-64 puan aralığı) okul iklimi” olarak kategorize edilmiştir. Ayrıca öğrenciler, araştırmanın yapıldığı meslek yüksekokullarını “öğrenme ortamı” ve “iletişimi” açısından yeterli, “okula bağlılık” açısından yetersiz olarak değerlendirmiştir. Öğrencilerin okul iklimi algısının meslek yüksekokulunda öğrenim görülen programa göre değişmediği; sağlık hizmetleri meslek yüksekokulunda ise öğrenim görülen programa göre değiştiği tespit edilmiştir. Son olarak, öğrencilerin yaşları arttıkça okul iklimi algılarının arttığı; sınıf düzeyi arttıkça ise okul iklimi algılarının azaldığı belirlenmiştir. Araştırma bulguları alanyazında yer alan diğer araştırma bulguları ile birlikte değerlendirilerek Türkiye’deki yüksekokullar için öğrencilerinin okul iklimi algılarını artırabilecek önerilerde bulunulmuştur.School climate is an important phenomenon that determines the quality of education and affects the behavior of teachers and students. Therefore, researches on school climate should increase in terms of quality of education. In this study, it is aimed to determine the perception of school climate of vocational school students. Descriptive model, one of the quantitative research methods, was used as the research model. "664" students, who have studied at vocational school and vocational school of health services of a foundation university, participated in the research. Research data was collected with the "School Climate Scale". As a result of the research, the average score of the students from the school climate scale, with the highest score of "85 points", was determined as "56.65" (Ss = 14.68). The school climate average scores of the students were categorized as “intermediate (45-64 score range) school climate”. In addition, students evaluated the vocational schools where he research was conductted as sufficient in terms of "learning environment" and "communication", and inadequate in terms of "commitment to school". Students' perception of school climate does not change according to the program studied at vocational school. However, it was determined that it changed in the vocational school of health services according to the program studied. Finally, as the ages of the students increase, their perception of the school climate increases; As the grade level increased, perceptions of school climate decreased. The research findings are evaluated in conjunction with other research findings and suggestions were made for vocational schools to increase their students’ school climate perceptions.Publisher's Versio

Acute transverse myelitis at the conus medullaris level after rabies vaccination in a patient with Behçet's disease

Case report: A 25-year-old man with Behçet's disease was admitted because of weakness of the lower limbs and difficulty in urination. He had received a rabies vaccination 2 months previous because he had been bitten by a dog. Findings: Clinical and laboratory findings supported acute transverse myelitis. A hyperintense lesion and expansion at the level of conus medullaris was detected on spinal magnetic resonance imaging. Conclusion: Although neurologic involvement is one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity in Behçet's disease, the factors that aggravate the involvement of the nervous system are still unclear. Vaccination may have been the factor that had activated autoimmune mechanisms in this case. To our knowledge, involvement of the conus medullaris in Behçet's disease after rabies vaccination has not been reported.Indications:For prevention of rabies in a patient who was bitten by a dog. Coexisting diseases: Behcet's disease, relapsing aphthous stomatitis and genital ulcerations.Patients:One 25-year-old male patient.TypeofStudy:A case report describing acute transverse myelitis at the conus medullaris level after Rabipur vaccination in a patient with Behcet's disease.AdverseEffects:1 patient developed acute transverse myelitis at the conus medullaris characterized by weakness of lower limbs, urinary retention, severe backache, difficulty with urination and defecation, hypoesthesia below the level of L1, absence of lower extremities vibratory and position senses, absence of deep tendon reflexes in the lower extremities, detrusor atony, and atrophy and fasciculations of the left leg muscles.AuthorsConclusions:Involvement of the conus medullaris in Behcet's disease after rabies vaccination has not been reported previously in the literature. The possibility of an activating factor (eg, vaccination) other than infection has never been mentioned in Neuro-Behcet syndrome. Understanding the activating factors may be helpful for the prevention of neurological involvement and is important for planning follow up and understanding the prognosis. Further reports and investigations are needed.FreeText:Tests: cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leukocyte and protein level; muscle strength using Medical Research Council grade scoring; spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); vibratory and position senses; and deep tendon reflexes. The active substance of the rabies vaccine was an inactivated rabies virus.Results:Two months after the administration of the rabies vaccine, the patient experienced weakness of lower limbs which was preceded by severe backache for 12 hours and urinary retention. The weakness progressively worsened, and he began experiencing difficulty with urination and defecation. Muscle strength score was 2/5 at proximal left lower limb, 1/5 at distal left lower limb, 3/-5 at proximal right lower limb, and 1/5 at distal right lower limb. Atrophy and fasciculations of the left leg muscles were noted. There was hypoesthesia below the level of lumbar 1 (L1), and lower extremities demonstrated absence of vibratory and position senses. Absence of deep tendon reflexes was noted in the lower extremities, and plantar responses were extensor bilaterally. CSF examination revealed 110 leukocytes/mm3 with no microorganisms and elevated protein level (114 mg/dL). Spine MRI showed hyperintense lesion and expansion at the level of the conus medullaris. The patient was treated with methylprednisolone, azathioprine, and physiotherapy. He also required intermittent catheterization for urinary retention. After a year, a complete resolution of symptoms was observed and spinal MRI became normal.DosageDuration:Dosage not stated; given on the day of the bite and on the 3rd and 7th days thereafter

Altering Electronic and Optical Properties of Novel Benzothiadiazole Comprising Homopolymers via π Bridges

Four novel benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole comprising monomers namely 5-fluoro-6-((2-octyldodecyl)oxy)-4,7-di(thiophen-2-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (TBTT), 5-fluoro-4,7-bis(4-hexylthiophen-2-yl)-6-((2-octyldodecyl)oxy)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (HTBTHT),5-fluoro-4,7-di(furan-2-yl)-6-((2-octyldodecyl)oxy)benzo- [c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (FBTF), and 5-fluoro-6-((2-octyldodecyl)oxy)-4,7-bis(thieno[3,2-b]thiophen-2-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (TTBTTT) were designed, and synthesized successfully via Stille polycondensationreaction. The structural characterizations of the monomers were performed by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and HighResolution Mass Spectroscopy (HRMS). The monomers were then electropolymerized in a three electrode cell system via cyclicvoltammetry. The electrochemical, and spectroelectrochemical characterization of the polymers were reported in detail. Besides,theoretical calculations were performed to elucidate observed experimental properties. According to the cyclic voltammogram of thepolymers, HOMO and LUMO energy levels were calculated as −5.68 eV/−3.91 eV, −5.71 eV/−3.72 eV, −5.61 eV/−4.04 eV, and−5.51 eV/−3.71 eV and the electronic band gaps were 1.77 eV, 1.99 eV, 1.57 eV, and 1.80 eV for PTBTT, PHTBTHT, PFBTF, andPTTBTTT, respectively

Endobronchial Watanabe Spigot in the treatment of bronchobiliary fistula

Bronchobiliary fistula (BBF) is a rare condition in which an abnormal communication exists between the bile ducts and the bronchial tree. Malignancy is the most common etiology of BBF, although many others are possible. A 74-year-old male patient with an inoperable Klatskin tumor presented with a complaint of yellow-green sputum and cough; the patient underwent fiber-optic bronchoscopy based on a preliminary diagnosis of bronchobiliary fistula. Using fiber-optic rigid bronchoscopy, the laterobasal segment of the lower right lung lobe was occluded using three pieces of 5-mm Endobronchial Watanabe Spigot. Bile drainage subsequently ceased. A bronchoscopic approach provides an alternative option for BBF treatment, particularly in patients who choose not to undergo surgery, or for whom surgery is not an option due to their underlying general condition

Effect of adenomyosis on prognosis of patients with endometrial cancer

OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to contrast the prognoses of patients with endometrial cancer who had adenomyosis against those that did not. METHODS: All patients who had received surgical staging for hysterectomy-based endometrial cancer had their medical data retrospectively examined. The analysis covered 397 patients, who were split into two groups depending on the presence of adenomyosis. Comparisons were made between patients covering type of surgery, histopathology, endometrial cancer stage, lymphovascular space invasion, presence of biochemical or histochemical markers, adjuvant therapy, presence of adenomyosis in the myometrial wall, and outcomes in terms of overall survival and disease-free survival. RESULTS: There is no statistically significant difference in the 5-year disease-free survival or overall survival rates between endometrial cancer patients with and without adenomyosis. This is based on comparisons of tumor stage, tumor diameter, histological type and grade of tumor, myometrial invasion, lymphovascular space invasion, and biochemical markers that affect the course of the disease. The median follow-up times were 61 months for the adenomyosis-positive group and 56 months for the group without adenomyosis. CONCLUSION: Coexisting adenomyosis in endometrial cancer has no bearing on survival rates and is not a prognostic factor

A case of ruptured hydatid cyst with upper lobe localization that imitated active lung tuberculosis

Kist hidatik, Echinococcus granulosus'un neden olduğu sıklıkla karaciğerde olmakla birlikte %1030 olguda akciğerde de görülebilen paraziter bir hastalıktır. Akciğerlerde daha çok alt loblarda yerleşmektedir. Akciğer grafisinde sağ akciğer üst lob posterior segmentte kavitesi olan 49 yaşında bir erkek hasta akciğer tüberkülozu (TB) ön tanısı ile tüberküloz servisine yatırılarak ampirik olarak antiTB tedavi başlandı. Balgam incelemelerinde aside dirençli basil (ADB) üç kez negatif olarak saptanan hastaya bronkoskopi yapıldı. Bronş lavajında da ADB'nin negatif olması üzerine yapılan yüksek rezolüsyonlu bilgisayarlı tomografide akciğer TB ile ilgili bulguları değil rüptüre olmuş kist hidatik ile uyumlu olabilecek bulgular görüldü. Kist hidatik için indirekt hemaglutinasyon testi negatif olan bu hastada kistotomi uygulandıHydatid cyst is a parasitic infestation caused by Echinococcus granulosus. Although liver is the most common site of infection, lungs may also be affected in 10 to 30 % of cases. The cyst is usually located in the lower lobes of the lungs. A 49-year-old male patient with a cavitary lesion in the posterior segment of the right upper lobe, was admitted to the tuberculosis ward with a preliminary diagnosis of lung tuberculosis (TB), and anti-TB treatment was started empirically. Bronchoscopy was performed after three different sputum examinations with negative results for acid-fast bacilli (AFB). Bronchoalveolar lavage examination was also negative for AFB. High resolution computed tomography showed findings of a ruptured hydatid cyst, rather than TB. A cysctotomy was performed to the patient whose indirect hemagglutination test result was negatıve for hydatid cyst