Comparison of the marginal adaptation of direct and indirect composite inlay restorations with optical coherence tomography

Objective The purpose of the study was to use the photonic imaging modality of optical coherence tomography (OCT) to compare the marginal adaptation of composite inlays fabricated by direct and indirect techniques. Material and Methods Class II cavities were prepared on 34 extracted human molar teeth. The cavities were randomly divided into two groups according to the inlay fabrication technique. The first group was directly restored on cavities with a composite (Esthet X HD, Dentsply, Germany) after isolating. The second group was indirectly restored with the same composite material. Marginal adaptations were scanned before cementation with an invisible infrared light beam of OCT (Thorlabs), allowing measurement in 200 µm intervals. Restorations were cemented with a self-adhesive cement resin (SmartCem2, Dentsply), and then marginal adaptations were again measured with OCT. Mean values were statistically compared by using independent-samples t-test and paired samples t-test (

Primitive neuroectodermal tumor coexistent with anaplastic ganglioglioma

Abstract Primitive neuroectodermal tumors are among the most common tumors of childhood and th

Comparison of the marginal adaptation of direct and indirect composite inlay restorations with optical coherence tomography

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to use the photonic imaging modality of optical coherence tomography (OCT) to compare the marginal adaptation of composite inlays fabricated by direct and indirect techniques. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Class II cavities were prepared on 34 extracted human molar teeth. The cavities were randomly divided into two groups according to the inlay fabrication technique. The first group was directly restored on cavities with a composite (Esthet X HD, Dentsply, Germany) after isolating. The second group was indirectly restored with the same composite material. Marginal adaptations were scanned before cementation with an invisible infrared light beam of OCT (Thorlabs), allowing measurement in 200 µm intervals. Restorations were cemented with a self-adhesive cement resin (SmartCem2, Dentsply), and then marginal adaptations were again measured with OCT. Mean values were statistically compared by using independent-samples t-test and paired samples t-test (p<0.05), before and after cementation. RESULTS: Direct inlays presented statistically smaller marginal discrepancy values than indirect inlays, before (p=0.00001442) and after (p=0.00001466) cementation. Marginal discrepancy values were increased for all restorations after cementation (p=0.00008839, p=0.000000952 for direct and indirect inlays, respectively). The mean marginal discrepancy value of the direct group increased from 56.88±20.04 µm to 91.88±31.7 µm, whereas the indirect group increased from 107.54±35.63 µm to 170.29±54.83 µm. Different techniques are available to detect marginal adaptation of restorations, but the OCT system can give quantitative information about resin cement thickness and its interaction between tooth and restoration in a nondestructive manner. CONCLUSIONS: Direct inlays presented smaller marginal discrepancy than indirect inlays. The marginal discrepancy values were increased for all restorations that refer to cement thickness after cementation

Morphometric assessment of the hip joint in children aged 2–13 years

Our study aimed to evaluate the hip joints of healthy children aged 2–13 years morphometrically through radiographic images. Demographic characteristics of 300 healthy children in our study include an average age of 6.4 years old based on the 2-to-13-year-old bracket and sex classified to 133 girls and 167 boys. A total of 600 normal hips from these children were digitally measured based on Acetabular Index, ACM angle, MZ distance, Sharp angle, CE angle, Femoral Head Coverage Ratio, Cranial, and medial joint space (MJS). *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01 indicated a statistically significant difference. It was found that Acetabular Index, ACM angle, MZ distance, Sharp angle, Cranial, and MJSs decreased with age; Acetabular Depth value and CE angle increased with age; the CE angle differed between the sides (right–left) in the young teens period and in boys; and the cranial joint space (CJS) differed between the sides in girls. In addition, girls had higher values than boys in terms of Acetabular Index, ACM angle, Sharp angle, MZ distance, and Femoral Head Coverage Ratio; CE angle and MJS were higher in girls; and Acetabular Depth Value and CJS did not differ significantly between sexes. Obtaining the normal values will guide in the diagnosis and treatment of many clinical conditions including DDH and Legg-Calve-Perthes disease. It can also be used to compare the hips between healthy children and those diagnosed with Cerebral Palsy

Relationship digit ratio with penil length and testis volume in children

Giriş: Androjenlerin uyarımı ile fonksiyonelreseptörlerin aktive olması erkek iç ve dışgenitallerin farklılaşmasında rol oynamaktadır.Homeobox (Hox) genleri embriyogenez sırasındael ve ayak parmakları gibi ekstremite gelişimi,genital tomurcuk farklılaşması, testis ve penisgelişimini düzenlemektedir. Bu gen mutasyonlarındahem parmakların hem de genital sisteminetkilendiği sendromlar bildirilmiştir. Yapılan çalışmalardaikinci ve dördüncü parmak uzunlukoranları ile prenatal testosteron seviyesinin ilişkili,yetişkin testosteron seviyeleri ile de ilişkisizolduğu gösterilmiştir.Bizim çalışmamızda amacımız 2 yaşınınüzerinde hastanemize sünnet için başvuran erkekçocuklarda 2-4 parmak oranı ile penil uzunlukve testiküler volüm arasında ilişkiyi değerlendirmektir.Materyal ve Metod: 2016-2017 yılları arasındasünnet için başvuran 125 erkek çocukçalışmaya alındı. Hipospadias, inmemiş testis,hidrosel, genital veya skrotal cerrahi öyküsü,endokrin hastalıkları bulunan çocuklar çalışmayadahil edilmedi. Tüm çocukların boy ve kilolarıölçülüp vücut kitle indeksleri, boy ve kilogelişim persentil yüzedeleri hesaplandı. Penisve parmak uzunlukları ile testiküler hacim değerlendirmeleriise preoperatif ameliyathanedegenel anestezi sonrası yapıldı. Penil ve parmakuzunluk ölçümleri sürmeli kumpas (verniercaliper)ile testis hacim değerlendirmesi ise praderorşidometrisi ile yapıldı.Bulgular: Çalışmaya alınan çocukların yaşortalaması 7,33±1,22 idi. Gevşek penil uzunlukile sağ 4. parmak uzunluğu, sağ 2/4 parmakoranı ve sol 2/4 parmak oranı ile anlamlı sonuçsaptandı (p=0,001). Gergin penil uzunluk ile sağ4. parmak uzunluğu, sağ 2/4 parmak oranı vesol 2/4 parmak oranı ile korele olduğu görüldü(p<0,05, p<0,05, p=0,001). Total testis hacmiile hem gevşek hem gergin penil uzunluk arasındada anlamlı bir korelasyon izlendi (p<0,05,p=0,001). Sonuç: Literatürde parmak uzunluğu ve oranları ile ilgili değişikhipotezlerle oluşturulmuş birçok çalışma mevcuttur. Ancak bizim çalışmamızdaliterature ile uyumlu sonuçların yanında kısmen de olsa farklısonuçlara ulaşılmıştır. 2/4 parmak oranının hem gevşek hem gergin peniluzunluk için bir gösterge olabilieceği düşünülmektedir.Objective: The activation of functional receptors via the stimulation of androgens has a role in the differentiation of male internal and external reproductive organs. Homeobox (Hox) genes regulate the development of limbs including fingers, genital bud differentiation and the development of testis and penis during embryogenesis. Syndromes in which both the fingers and the genital system are affected due to Hox gene smutations have been reported. Studies have shown that the second and fourth digit length ratios are related the level of prenatal testosterone but not adult testosterone levels. In the present study we eveluated the releation between the 2.-4. Digit length ratio and the penile length and the testicular volume among the patients over two years of age who visited our hospital for circumcision. Materials and Methods: 125 children who applied for circumcision between the years 2016 and 2017 was included in this study. Children with hypospadias, undescended testis, hydrocele, genital or scrotal surgery record and with endocrine disorders was excluded. Weights and lengths of all children were measured, body mass indexes and weight and length development percentiles were calculated. Penile and digit lengths were measured and testicular volumes were assessed preoperatively after general anesthesia in the operating room. Prader orchidometer was used for the assessment of testicular volumes whereas penile and digit lengths were measured by using vernier caliper. Results: The meanage of children included in this study is 7,33±1,22. Significant results were found between flask penile length and right 4th digit length, right 2/4 digit ratio and left 2/4 digit ratio (p=0,001). It was seen that the stretched penile length was correlated with right 4th digit length, right 2/4 digit ratio and left 2/4 digit ratio (p<0,05, p<0,05, p=0,001 respectively). There was also a significant correlation between total testicle volume and both flaccid and streched penile length (p<0,05, p=0,001 respectively). Conclusions: There are many studies in literature with various hypotheses about digit lengths and ratios. In our work, however, results that are in line with literature have been achieved, as well as partly different results. We believe that 2.-4. finger ratio can be an indicator for both flaccid and stretched penile length

Relation of neutrophil lymphocyte ratio with tumor characteristics in localized kidney tumors

Amaç: Nötrofil/Lenfosit oranının birçok ürolojik tümörde prognostik faktör olduğu gösterilmesine karşın lokalize böbrek tümörlerinde tümörün özellikleri ile ilişkisini araştırmayı amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Kliniğimizde renal kitle tanısı ile opere edilen 125 hastanın laboratuvar ve patoloji sonuçları geriye dönük olarak incelendi. Tüm hastaların operasyon öncesi yapılan tam kan sayımlarından nötrofil/lenfosit oranı(NLR) tespit edildi. NLR'nin tümörün boyutu, tarafı, lokalizasyonu, histolojik tipi ve Fuhrman derecesi arasındaki ilişki istatistiksel olarak değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Preoperatif hesaplanan NLR ile hastaların cinsiyet ve yaş faktörleri, tümörün tarafı, lokalizasyonu, boyutu ile istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmadı (p>0,05). Ayrıca tümör histopatolojilerine göre benign ve malign olarak, malign tümörlerde ise berrak hücreli olan ve olmayan olarak ikili gruplandırıldıklarında da NLR ile gruplar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki izlenmedi (p>0,05). Berrak hücreli tümör patoloji raporlarından elde edilen Fuhrman dereceleri ile NLR arasında da istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir sonuç saptanmadı (p>0,05). Sonuç: NLR'nin böbrek tümörlerinde diğer prognostik faktörlerden bağımsız bir değişken olduğu düşünülmesine rağmen literatürdeki farklı sonuçlardan dolayı daha kapsamlı geniş çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.Aim: Considering that neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio is indicated as prognostic factor in many urologic neoplasms, the purpose of this paper is to examine the relation between this ratio and characteristics of tumors in localized kidney tumors. Material and Methods: Laboratory and pathology results of 125 patients operated in our clinic with the diagnosis of renal lump were examined retrospectively. Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratios (NLR) of all patients were detected by an examination of pre-operation complete blood cell counts. The relations between NLR and size, side, location, histological type and Fuhrman degree of tumor were assessed statistically. Findings: Statistically significant relations could not be detected among preoperative NLR and sex and age of patients and size, side and location of tumor (p&lt;0.05). Also, when tumors were divided into two as benign and malign and malign ones were grouped into two as tumors with and without clear cells, statistically significant relations could not be reported between NLR and these groups (p&gt;0.05). A statistically significant relation could not be found between NLR and Fuhrman degrees obtained from clear cell tumor pathology reports (p&gt;0.05). Conclusion: Although it is thought that NLR is a variable independent from the other prognostic factors in the kidney tumors, more comprehensive studies are needed due to different results available in the literature

Synthesis and electropolymerization of a new ion sensitive ethylenedioxy-substituted terthiophene monomer bearing a quinoxaline moiety

A new terthienyl based fluorescent polymer bearing pendant quinoxaline moieties directly attached to the 3-positions of the central thiophene ring was synthesized by electrochemical polymerization of 4-(2,5-bis(2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxin-5-yl)thiophen-3-yl)Pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline (EE-Q). The corresponding polymer, poly(4-(2,5-bis(2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxin-5-yl)thiophen-3-yl)pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline) P(EE-Q), was characterized by cyclic voltammetry, FT-IR and UV-vis spectroscopy. The polymer exhibits a reversible redox behaviour (E-p(1/2) = 0.75 V) accompanied with a reversible electrochromic behavior; brownish red in the neutral state and green in the oxidized state. The band gap value for the polymer was found to be 1.75 eV. Moreover, the sensitivity of both the monomer and its polymer towards metal cations was investigated by monitoring the change in the fluorescence intensity. Among various common ions, both the monomer and its polymer were found to be selective towards Fe3+ ions by quenching the fluorescence efficiency with a Stern-Volmer constant (K-SV) of (1.9 x 10(3) M-1) and (5.0 x 10(2) M-1) for monomer and polymer solutions, respectively

Synthesis and electropolymerization of an ion sensing and fluorescent fluorene derivative bearing a quinoxaline moiety and its analogues with different donor units

A series of new fluorene derivatives bearing pendant quinoxaline moieties with different donor groups, namely 5'H-spiro[fluorene-9,4'-pyrrolo[1,2-alquinoxaline] (FQ), 2,7-di(thiophen-2-yl)-5'H-spiro[fluorene-9,4'-pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline] (TQT), 2,7-bis(2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxin-5-yl)-5'H-spiro[fluorene-9,4'-pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline] (EQE) and 2,7-bis(3,3-dihexyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-thieno[3,4-b][1,4)dioxepin-6-yl)-5'H-spiro[fluorene-9,4'-pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline] (PQP) were synthesized. The monomers were electropolymerized via potentiodynamic methods in order to understand the effects of donor units on the electrochemical and optoelectronic properties of the resulting polymers. It was found that polymer films exhibit reversible redox behavior accompanied with a reversible electrochromic behavior (E-p(ox) = 0.95 V for poly(2,7-di(thiophen-2-yl)-5'H-spiro[fluorene-9,4'-pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline]) (PTQT), E-p(ox) = 0.90 V for poly(2,7-bis(2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxin-5-yl)-5'H-spiro[fluorene-9,4'-pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline]) (PEQE) and E-p(ox) = 0.67 V for poly(2,7-bis(3,3-dihexyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-thieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxepin-6-yl)-5'H-spiro[fluorene-9,4'-pyrrolo[1,2 a]quinoxaline]) (PPQP)). The band gap values (E-g) of the polymers were found to be 2.47, 1.93 and 1.66 eV for PTQT, PEQE and PPQP, respectively. Furthermore, the ion sensitivity of PQP and its polymer PPQP was also investigated by monitoring the change in the fluorescence intensity. Among various common ions, both PQP and PPQP were found to be selective towards Fe2+ ions by quenching the fluorescence efficiency with a Stern-Volmer constant (K-sv) of (5.9 x 10(3) M-1) and (2.7 x 10(4) M-1) for monomer and polymer solutions, respectively