Choroidal Thickness in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Type Dementia

Aim. To asses both choroidal thickness differences among Alzheimer’s type dementia (ATD) patients, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, and healthy control (C) subjects and choroidal thickness relationships with cognitive performance. Methods. A total of 246 eyes of 123 people (41 ATD, 38 MCI, and 44 healthy C subjects) were included in this study. Complete ophthalmological and neurological examination was performed in all subjects. Choroidal thicknesses (CT) were measured at seven locations: the fovea, 500-1500-3000 μm temporal and 500-1500-3000 μm nasal to the fovea by enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT). Detailed neurological examination including mini mental state examination (MMSE) test which evaluates the cognitive function was applied to all participants. Results. The ages and genders of all participants were similar in all groups. Compared with healthy C subjects, the CT measurements at all regions were significantly thinner both in patients with ATD and in patients with MCI than in healthy C subjects (p<0.05). The MMSE scores were significantly different among ATD patients, MCI patients, and healthy C subjects. They were 19.3±1.8, 24.8±0.9, and 27.6±1.2 in ATD, MCI, and healthy controls, respectively (p<0.001). There were also significant correlation between MMSE score and choroidal thickness at each location (p<0.05). Conclusions. CT was reduced in ATD patients and MCI patients. Since vascular structures were affected in ATD patients and MCI patients, they had thin CT. Besides CT was correlated with degree of cognitive impairment. Therefore CT may be a new biomarker in diagnosis and follow-up of MCI and ATD patients

Embryonic development of gilthead seabream (sparus aurata) in non-flow sea water incubation systems

Bu çalışmada durgun su yöntemiyle, karanlık ortamda, farklı stok miktarları üzerine çalışılmıştır. Çalışmada 10 L'lik su sirkülasyonu olmayan inkibatörler kullanılmıştır. 4 değişik stok miktarı mevcuttur. Bu stoklar 250, 500, 750 ve 1000 yum/L'dir. Kuluçkalama işlemi yapıldıktan sonra oksijen ve sıcaklık değerleri alınmıştır. Yumurtalar 39 saatte açılım göstermiş ve yumurtadan çıkan larvalar hacimsel metotla sayılmış ve yaşama yüzdeleri hesaplanmıştır. Buna göre en iyi açılım oranı 250 adet/L'ye % 92 açılım gösteren A gurubunda tespit edilmiş, bunu 500 adet/L'ye % 86 açılım gösteren B gurubu takip etmiştir. Açılım oranı C ve D guruplarında ise % 62 ile % 59 arasında değişim göstermiştir. Durgun su yöntemi ile yapılan çalışmada bu açılım yüzdeleri bize stok miktarı artıkça açılımın düştüğünü belirtmektedir.In this study, different stock densities were investigated at dark conditions by non-circulated method. Noncirculated incubators which have 10 litres-per were used and 4 different stock densities were examined in this study. These stock densities were 250, 500, 750 and 1000 egg/lt. Temperatures and oxygen parameters were th measured every hour during this study. Eggs were hatched at 39 hours. Newly hatched larvae were counted by 'volume method' and viability rate was observed. The best results were found in group A which has 250 egg/lt stock density and 92% hatching rate and group B which has 500 egg/lt stock densities and 86% hatching rate. In group C and D, hatching rates were found 62% and 59%. These results show that when stock density is increased, hatching rate will decrease at same rate