Black Carrot Extract Containing Polyvinyl Alcohol-Based Nanofibers%253A Structural Characterization and Determination of Total Oxidant-Antioxidant Capacity

In this study three different electrospun nanofiber samples, named as polyvinly alcohol (PVA), polyvinly alcohol %2Bblack carrot extract (PVAB) and polyvinly alcohol%2Bblack carrot extract%2Btin dioxide (PVABT), were produced successfully using the electrospinning method. According to characterization analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), it has been found that PVA nanofibers were continuous and they preserved their uniform structure and average diameters were measured as 215.76plusmn%253B75.47. With the addition of black carrot extract, fiber diameters increased to 637.97plusmn%253B91.85 nm. On the other hand, for PVABT accumulation of new structures observed and diamater thickness increased to 658.66plusmn%253B101.5 nm respectively. Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy elemental mapping results of PVABT sample proved the binding and integration of the tin dioxide to the surface of the electrospun nanofibers. Antioxidant properties are also compared to determine how nanofiber coating of plant extracts effect on Total Oxidant Level (TOL) ndash%253B Total Antioxidant Level (TAL). While the antioxidant level of the black carrot extract covered with nanofiber was ~62%25 higher than the extract without nanofiber, it was determined that the extract-metal oxide combination showed higher antioxidant results. In addition, no oxidant was detected in electrospun nanofiber samples. Overall, it has been concluded that nanofibers can be fabricated in combination with plant extract and metal oxides and addition of these materials have ability to effect characteristic properties and antioxidant properties. Therefore, metal oxides and plant extracts have the potential to be used as an active food packaging ingredients for further applications in food industry. In the future, it will be important to determine other properties such as thermal stability, mechanical properties, or water vapor permeabilities of these nanomaterials

Knowledge levels of pulse oximetry usage among pediatricward nurses' and physicians'

Oksijen saturasyonunun sürekli izlenmesi hastanındegerlendirilmesi üzerine önemli etkiler yapmaktadır. Pulse oksimetre ile ilgili bilgi eksikligi saglık profesyonellerinin hasta bakımındaki kararlarını etkileyebilir, yanlıs kararların verilmesine neden olabilir. Bu arastırma, pediatri kliniklerinde çalısan hemsire ve doktorların pulse oksimetre kullanımı ile ilgili bilgi düzeyini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüstür. Tanımlayıcı tipteki arastırma, Denizli Devlet Hastanesi, Servergazi Devlet Hastanesi ve Pamukkale ÜniversitesiArastırma ve Uygulama Hastanelerinin pulse oksimetre kullanılan pediatri kliniklerinde yürütülmüstür. Arastırmanın evrenini bu kliniklerde çalısan 61 hemsire ve doktor olusturmustur. Arastırmaya katılmayı kabul eden 48 katılımcı örneklemi olusturmustur. Verilerin toplanmasında arastırmacılar tarafından gelistirilen anket formu kullanılmıstır.Verilerin analizi SPSS 11.0 istatistik programında, sayı-yüzde dagılımları ve testi kullanılarak yapılmıstır. Katılımcıların %75'ini doktorlar, %25'ini hemsireler olusturmustur. Arastırmaya katılan hemsire ve doktorların %29.2'si yenidogan yogunbakım ünitesinde çalısmaktadır. Katılımcıların %60.4'ü pulse oksimetre ile ilgili bir egitim almamıs, bilgileri klinik çalısma sırasında informal egitimle elde ettigini belirtmistir. Pulse oksimetre neyi ölçer sorusuna katılımcıların %85.4'ü dogru cevap vermistir. Pulse oksimetre degerini etkileyen bazı faktörlerle ilgili sorular degerlendirildiginde, katılımcıların %41.7'si tırnak cilasının, %18.8'i aneminin, %22.9'u parlak ısıgın etkisini dogru cevaplamıstır. Katılımcıların %8.3'ü karbonmonoksit zehirlenmesi, %22.9'u kardiyak disritmi durumunda pulse oksimetre degerindeki degisimi dogru cevaplamıstır. Çalısma sonucunda, pediatri kliniklerinde pulse oksimetre ile çalısan hemsire ve doktorların, pulse oksimetre kullanımına ve degerlendirilmesine iliskin ilgi düzeyleri yeterli bulunmamıstır.Continuous monitoring of oxygen saturation has a significant effect on patient assessment. Health care professionals' knowledge deficits on pulse oximetry can affect decisions involving patient care and may cause incorrect decisions. This study was conducted for the purpose of determining the knowledge level about pulse oximetry use of nurses and physicians who work in pediatric wards. This descriptive study was conducted on pediatric wards of Denizli State Hospital, Servergazi State Hospital and Pamukkale University Research and Training Hospital which use pulse oximetry. The research population consisted of 61 nurses and physicians who work on these wards. The study sample was 48 of these who agreed to participate.Aquestionnaire developed by the researchers was used for data collection. Number-percentage distribution and Chi square test were used in the data analysis with the SPSS 11.0 statistical program. Of the participants 75% were physicians and 25% nurses; 29.2% of the participating nurses and physicians worked in newborn intensive care units. The majority (60.4%) of the participants had not received any formal education about the use of pulse oximetry but had been informally trained on its use during clinical practice.To the question about what pulse oximetry is measuring, 85.4% of the participants answered correctly. In the analysis of questions about some factors that can affect pulse oximetry values it was determined that 41.7% correctly answered nail polish, 18.8% anemia, and 22.9% bright light. For conditions which change pulse oximetry values 8.3% correctly answered carbon monoxide poisoning and 22.9% cardiac dysrhythmia. The knowledge level of nurses and physicians working on pediatric wards about the use and evaluation of pulse oximetry is inadequate

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma and spindle cell hemangioendothelioma (report of two case)

Epiteloid hemangioendotelioma ve iğ hücreli hemangioendotelioma seyrek görülen ara grup vaskuler tümörlerdir. Burada tipik histopatolojik bulguları olan bir epiteloid hemangioendotelioma ve bir iğ hücreli hemangioendotelioma olgusu seyrek görülmeleri nedeniyle sunulmuştur.Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma and spindle cell hemangioendothelioma are uncommon vascular neoplasms which are considered to be vascular proliferations of intermediate malignant potential. Here we report a case of epithelioid hemangioendothelioma and a case of spindle cell hemangioendothelioma with typical pathological features

The predictors of COVID-19 mortality in a nationwide cohort of Turkish patients

he COVID-19-related death rate varies between countries and is affected by various risk factors. This multi center registry study was designed to evaluate the mortality rate and the related risk factors in Turkey. We retrospectively evaluated 1500 adults with COVID-19 from 26 centers who were hospitalized between March 11 and July 31, 2020. In the study group, 1041 and 459 cases were diagnosed as definite and highly probable cases, respectively. There were 993 PCR-positive cases (66.2%). Among all cases, 1144 (76.3%) were diagnosed with non-severe pneumonia, whereas 212 (14.1%) had severe pneumonia. Death occurred in 67 patients, corre sponding to a mortality rate of 4.5% (95% CI:3.5–5.6). The univariate analysis demonstrated that various factors, including male sex, age ?65 years and the presence of dyspnea or confusion, malignity, chronic obstructive lung disease, interstitial lung disease, immunosuppressive conditions, severe pneumonia, multiorgan dysfunction, and sepsis, were positively associated with mortality. Favipiravir, hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin were not associated with survival. Following multivariate analysis, male sex, severe pneumonia, multiorgan dysfunction, malignancy, sepsis and interstitial lung diseases were found to be independent risk factors for mortality. Among the biomarkers, procalcitonin levels on the 3rd-5th days of admission showed the strongest associations with mortality (OR: 6.18; 1.6–23.93). This study demonstrated that the mortality rate in hospitalized patients in the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic was a serious threat and that those patients with male sex, severe pneumonia, multiorgan dysfunction, malignancy, sepsis and interstitial lung diseases were at increased risk of mortality; therefore, such patients should be closely monitored

Anadolu'daki Türk kütüphaneleri

Anadoluʼda, İstanbul dışında, Anadolu Selçuklu Dönemiʼnden Cumhuriyetʼin ilanına kadar günümüze ulaşabilmiş, gerek bir yapının içinde gerek bir yapıya bitişik gerekse bağımsız olarak inşa edilmiş kütüphaneleri incelediğimiz çalışmamızda, 47 yerleşim merkezinde mevcut 69 yapı yer almaktadır. Bunlardan 25ʼi bir yapının içinde yer alan kütüphaneler, 16ʼsı bir yapıya bitişik olarak inşa edilmiş kütüphaneler, 28ʼi ise herhangi bir yapıya organik bağı olmadan bağımsız olarak inşa edilmiş kütüphanelerdir. Kaynaklardan ve belgelerden sayıca daha çok olduğu tespit edilen kütüphanelerin büyük kısmı, yıkılarak günümüze ulaşamamıştır. Anadolu kütüphaneleri, genellikle, kare planlı, üstü bir kubbeyle örtülü kübik yapılardır. Bazen kare planlı mekanın önünde üç birimli bir revak, eyvan şeklinde bir ön mekan ya da dikdörtgen şekilli kapalı bir mekan bulunabilmektedir. Dikdörtgen ve çokgen planlı örnekler kare plana göre daha az kullanılmıştır. Çokgen planlı örneklerde daha çok sekizgen şema tercih edilmiştir. Kütüphane mimarisinde kitapların nemden korunması oldukça önemsenmiş, bu nedenle yapılar genellikle bir platform üzerinde inşa edilmiştir. Genellikle tek mekandan ibaret olan kütüphanelerde, okuma salonu ve kitap deposu olarak aynı mekan kullanılmıştır. Az sayıda örnekte kütüphane, birbirine bitişik iki mekandan meydana gelmektedir. Anadoluʼda birbirine bitişik iki mekanlı bağımsız kütüphanelerin XIX. yüzyılda inşa edildikleri görülmektedir. Bu örneklerde öndeki büyük mekan okuma salonu, arkadaki daha küçük mekan kitap deposudur. Anadolu kütüphanelerinde süsleme olarak taş, tuğla, alçı, ahşap ve kalemişi süslemeler görülmekte bunlar da az sayıda örnekte sınırlı alanlarda karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Anadolu Kütüphaneleriʼnin İstanbul Kütüphaneleriʼne göre daha küçük ve mütevazı, plan tipleri açısından pek fazla arayış ve çeşitlilik içermeyen küçük boyutlu yapılar olduğu görülmektedir

Evaluation of the effectiveness of two different methods for the prevention of microbial colonization in nebulizers: Randomised controlled trial

Objective: In this study two different methods were used to prevent microbial colonisation of nebulizer elements and the results were evaluated. Methods: The study was conducted as a randomized controlled semi-experimental study. The data were collected at the pediatrics department of a hospital in the city in western Turkey. A total of 120 pediatric patient using nebulizer treatment at least twice daily and their mothers were included in the study. The pediatric patients were divided into 3 groups. In one group no intervention was made (control group). In another group, nebulizer masks and sets were changed once every 24 hours. In the third group, masks were washed once daily in soap and water. In all groups swab samples were taken every 24 hours and examined under laboratory conditions. Results: Results showed that there was 10.8% microbial growth in the control group and 2.5% microbial growth in the 24-hour change group. No growth was detected in the wash group. Conclusion: As a result of this study, it is recommended that nebulizer elements are washed once daily with soap and water and dried on a clean towel in order to prevent contamination

Stress levels of nursing students: First clinical experience in pediatric units

Statement of the Problem: Clinical experiences are source of stress for students. In pediatric clinical practice, patients are perceived as more fragile, and therefore students are experiencing more stress. Learning may be inhibited by the stressful clinical experiences. Identifying stressful situations is necessary for the development of strategies to prevent them. For this reason, this study was conducted to determine the stress levels and stressful situations of the students who participated in the clinical practice for the first time in Pediatrics Units. Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: 152 third-year nursing students completed “Turkish version of clinical stress questionnaire” and “students defining characteristics data form” in the decriptive-type study. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and independent samples t test. Findings: The students who gave care to the pediatric patients had the most stress related to "fear of harming the child" and "performing invasive procedure". There was a significant relationship between the stress score of the students and the performing invasive procedure. Performing invasive procedure increased stress level in students. There was a significant relationship between the stress score and asking for support from the instructor. Because of the high level of stress, the students requested support from the instructor. Conclusion & Significance: Practices in pediatric clinics cause stress in nursing students. It is suggested to make the clinical education environment positive by identifying stressful situations

Attitudes towards gossip and patient privacy among paediatric nurses.

BACKGROUND: Nurses providing 24-h care for the primary caregiver role have a number of significant roles to play in potential problems or conflicts associated with patient privacy and confidentiality. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study is to determine the prevailing attitudes towards gossip and the patient privacy practices of nurses working in paediatric units. RESEARCH DESIGN: A descriptive and cross-sectional design was used. A Descriptive Characteristics Form, a Gossip and Rumour Attitude Scale and a Patient Privacy Scale were used to collect data. PARTICIPANTS AND RESEARCH CONTEXT: A total of 112 paediatric nurses working in Turkey were included in the study. The response rate was 79.43%. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS: Permission to conduct the study was obtained from the university's ethics committee. The participants were informed of the aim of the study, and voluntary participation, anonymous response and confidentiality were explained to them. FINDINGS: It was observed that nurses who had a higher education level, who were educated about patient privacy and who had read the patient rights regulations were more concerned about patient privacy. Negative correlations were found between the attitudes towards gossiping and the average scores on the patient confidentiality scale. Nurses who negatively defined gossip were more concerned about patient confidentiality. DISCUSSION: Privacy is important for securing and protecting the personal, physical and psychological things that are important and special for patients. It is argued that obstacles to maintaining the privacy of hospitalized children and adolescents are a tolerant attitude towards gossiping, a lack of education about patient privacy and insufficient information about patient's rights regulations and the Convention on the Rights of the Child. CONCLUSION: A nurse's knowledge about the provision of patient confidentiality affects their privacy practices. For this reason, regular training sessions are recommended in hospitals