Update on Plum pox virus distribution in Turkey

Extensive surveys to determine the occurrence of Plum pox virus (PPV) in Turkey were carried out between 2007 and 2010 in commercial stone fruit orchards and nurseries, in non commercial stone fruit trees at other locations, and in rural and urban residential properties located in 56 of Turkey’s 81 provinces. A total of 5,762 samples were collected from almond, apricot, mahaleb, nectarine, plum, peach, sweet cherry and sour cherry and tested by biological indexing, DAS-ELISA and RT-PCR. Two hundred and twenty two samples from 4 regions (the Aegean region, the Central Anatolia region, the Marmara region and the Mediterranean region) were found to be infected with PPV. This virus has occurred in Turkey since 1968. This is the first record of PPV occurrence in Aksaray, Çanakkale, İzmir, Kayseri, and Konya provinces

Characteristics of food allergy in children: National multicenter study

Conference: Congress of the European-Academy-of-Allergy-and-Clinical-Immunology (EAACI) Location: Lisbon, PORTUGAL Date: JUN 01-05, 2019Background : Food allergies impose a significant burden on the life of the child and the family. In this study, to determine the demographic characteristics of food allergies, we investigated the characteristics of patients with food allergies in different regions of Pediatric Allergy- Immunology departments in Turkey. Method : Turkey ' s National Study of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Society has conducted a Study Group on Food Allergies. 25 centers participated in this multicenter, cross- sectional and descriptive study.European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunolog

Systematic assessment of long-read RNA-seq methods for transcript identification and quantification

The Long-read RNA-Seq Genome Annotation Assessment Project (LRGASP) Consortium was formed to evaluate the effectiveness of long-read approaches for transcriptome analysis. The consortium generated over 427 million long-read sequences from cDNA and direct RNA datasets, encompassing human, mouse, and manatee species, using different protocols and sequencing platforms. These data were utilized by developers to address challenges in transcript isoform detection and quantification, as well as de novo transcript isoform identification. The study revealed that libraries with longer, more accurate sequences produce more accurate transcripts than those with increased read depth, whereas greater read depth improved quantification accuracy. In well-annotated genomes, tools based on reference sequences demonstrated the best performance. When aiming to detect rare and novel transcripts or when using reference-free approaches, incorporating additional orthogonal data and replicate samples are advised. This collaborative study offers a benchmark for current practices and provides direction for future method development in transcriptome analysis

Systematic assessment of long-read RNA-seq methods for transcript identification and quantification

The Long-read RNA-Seq Genome Annotation Assessment Project Consortium was formed to evaluate the effectiveness of long-read approaches for transcriptome analysis. Using different protocols and sequencing platforms, the consortium generated over 427 million long-read sequences from complementary DNA and direct RNA datasets, encompassing human, mouse and manatee species. Developers utilized these data to address challenges in transcript isoform detection, quantification and de novo transcript detection. The study revealed that libraries with longer, more accurate sequences produce more accurate transcripts than those with increased read depth, whereas greater read depth improved quantification accuracy. In well-annotated genomes, tools based on reference sequences demonstrated the best performance. Incorporating additional orthogonal data and replicate samples is advised when aiming to detect rare and novel transcripts or using reference-free approaches. This collaborative study offers a benchmark for current practices and provides direction for future method development in transcriptome analysis

Performance evaluation of mobile internet protocol

ÖZETMOBİL İNTERNET PROTOKOLU PERFORMANS DEĞERLENDİRMESİSon yıllarda mobil iletişim, İnternet ve IP tabanlı ağlar kadar büyük ilgi görmeğe başladı. Taşınabilir bilgisayarların gelişmesi ile mobil kullanım artarak hayatımızdaki yerini almaktadır. Kablosuz ağ arayüzlerindeki ve global ağ uygulamalarındaki son gelişmeler, mobilite konusunun sistemlerinin kablolu ve kablosuz ağların ilgi alanı içine girmesini sağlamıştır. Mobil IP, mobil iletişimde günümüzde en ümit verici protokol olarak kabul görmektedir. Mobil IP IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) tarafından IPv4 üzerine, İnternet üzerinde Mobil IP ihtiyacını karşılamak amacı ile geliştirilmiştir. Temel Mobil IP (Mobil İnternet Protokolü) de, paketler mobil kullanıcıya ev sahibi sunucu üzerinden geçerek giderler. Bununla beraber mobil kullanıcıdan, karşıdaki kablolu ağda bulunan kullanıcıya paketler direk gönderilirler. Bu asimetrik yönlendirme, özellikle karşı kullanıcının mobil kullanıcıya yakın olma durumunda, üçgen yönlendirme diye adlandırılmaktadır. Bu üçgen yönlendirme problemine çözüm getirmek ve karşı kullanıcı ile direk haberleşebilmek için optimize edilmiş Mobil IP yönlendirme methodu geliştirilmiştir. Üçgen yönlendirme problemini çözmek Mobil IP nin temel konularından biridir. IETF tarafından geliştirilen optimize edilmiş yönlendirme metodu bu sorunun çözümü için geliştirilmiştir. Bununla beraber günümüzde bu problemi çözmeye yönelik bir çok metod geliştirilmiş olsa da en çok kabul gören optimize edilmiş yönlendirme metodudur. Fakat Optimize edilmiş yönlendirme methodu da henüz yeterli etkinliğe erişmemiş olup üzerinde araştırma ve geliştirme çalışmaları devam etmektedir. Bu tezde, Mobil IP ve Optimize edilmiş yönlendirmeli Mobil IP protokollerinin performans değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır. NS2 benzeticisi (Network Simulator 2) kullanarak “Temel Mobil IP” ile “Optimize Edilmiş Mobil IP” protokollerinin başarımları, paket gecikmeleri ve paket kayıpları yönlerinden karşılaştırılmıştır. Simulasyon yapılırken, mevcut uygulmaya, gerekli düzenleme ve eklemeler yapılarak sonuca varılmıştır.MAYIS 2006 Birol ÇELİKABSTRACTPERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF MOBILE INTERNET PROTOCOLRecent advances in wireless network interfaces and the implementation of the global networks make host mobility an issue of interest both in wireless and wired networks. The most promising protocol proposals for handling of host mobility in IP networks are Mobile IP. Mobile IP built on IPv4, was designed by (Internet Engineering Task Force) to serve the needs of supporting portable IP addresses on Internet. In the basic Mobile IP protocol, datagrams going to the mobile node have to travel through the home agent when the mobile node is away from home network. This asymmetric routing, called Triangle Routing, is generally far from optimal, especially when the destination node is close to the mobile node. Eliminating the Triangle Routing problem, in order to improve network efficiency, is one appealing topic in Mobile IP. Route Optimization eliminates Triangle Routing problem but it does not solve packet loss problem during handoff periods. Smooth handoff and buffer supports are added Route Optimized Mobile IP to reduce packet loss during handoff periods and improve Mobile IP performance. Route optimization with smooth handoff extends the registration protocol to inform the mobile node’s previous foreign agent about the mobile node movement to a new foreign network. But there is some packet loss before previous foreign agent extension is received. Agent buffering mechanism with smooth handoff packets eliminates this packet loss by buffering and re-tunneling the buffered packets to the mobile node’s new foreign agent along with any future packets. Hence, packet loss during handoff can be completely eliminated.In this thesis performances of Mobile IP and Route Optimization Mobile IP protocols are evaluated and compared. For this study, Network Simulator 2 (NS2) is used. In the simulation, Route Optimization with buffer and smooth handoff is implemented to increase performance. Packet loss, end-to-end delay, and throughput are considered as performance. Index Terms—Mobile Internet Protocol, route optimization, smooth handoff, Mobile IP routing protocolsMAY 2006 Birol ÇELİ

HALVETİYYE GELENEĞİNDE ETVÂR-I SEBA/NEFSİN MERTEBELERİ

The nafs and its intentional reclamation in mystical thought is a matter of considerable importance. Almost every religious sect’s student aims to discipline his nafs. Therefore, the sects are divided as sensual and spiritual sects. Sensual sects discipline their students’ nafs with reclamation. Spiritual sects try to bring the spirit to its original purity. In nafs mystical thinking, bad wishes and desires are one thing, the testimony and therefore nafs must be disciplined. When nafs is disciplined, it becomes very delicate. He guides himself to a way of life that Allah and the Messenger want. He achieves both worldly happiness and the hereafter. The Sufis, who are among the people who can see the eighteen thousand worlds, first of all, start their work by creating a spiritual anatomy of men’s heart. In the so-called Letaffler /chakra, they care to express and mark the distances they pass through in different names. They draw maps according to their masters and neshves. Islam, faith, benevolence; shariah, order, ingenuity, truth; kurb-i feraiz, kurb-i nevafil; fena fi’l-ihvan, fena fi’ş sheikh, fena fi’r-resul, fena fi’llah; heart, soul, secret, secrets-secret, hafi, ahfa, letaif-i nefs; difference, cem ‘, cemü’l-cem’; ilme’lyakin, ayne’l-yakin, hakka’l-yakin are some of the distances that needs to be passed. In this study, taking the seven attributes mentioned as the nafs-i emmare, nafs-i levvame, nafs-i mülhime, nafs-i mutmainne, nafs-i radiyye, nafs-i mardiyye and nafs-i kamile into consideration, we will examine the nafs phenomenon which is called “etvar-i seb’a” in the Sufi literature. However, we will present the general framework of the Sufi tradition by giving references from old and new sources. Our purpose is to reveal the reason for the struggle with the nafs which is a crucial issue for man

Preferencias de las plataformas de medios sociales de los estudiantes de educación superior con fines educativos

The aim of the study is to determine the preference rankings higher education students’ social media platform preferences for educational purposes. The most used social media platforms in which people spend their time are respectively Instagram, TikTok, YouTube, WhatsApp, and Facebook in Turkey. These nine social media platforms were scaled using the method of pair-wise comparison. Participants of the study were 492 higher education students in Turkey. Data analysis was done using the Thurstone V. equation of state equation. In this research, social media tools preferred by higher education students for educational purposes are listed respectively as Instagram, WhatsApp, YouTube, Twitter, Snapchat, Telegram, Pinterest, Facebook/FB Messenger and TikTok. Also, the preferences of female and male higher education students upon social media tools for educational purposes are examined. According to this for female students it is listed respectively as WhatsApp, Instagram, YouTube, Twitter, Snapchat, Pinterest, Telegram, TikTok and Facebook/FB Messenger; and for male students, it is listed respectively as Instagram, WhatsApp, YouTube, Twitter, Telegram, Facebook/FB Messenger, Snapchat, and Pinterest.El objetivo del estudio es determinar las clasificaciones de preferencia de las preferencias de la plataforma de redes sociales de los estudiantes de educación superior con fines educativos. La plataforma de redes sociales más utilizada en la que las personas pasan más tiempo son Instagram, TikTok, YouTube, WhatsApp y Facebook en Turquía. Estas nueve plataformas de redes sociales se escalaron utilizando el método de comparación por pares. Los participantes del estudio fueron 492 estudiantes de educación superior en Turquía. El análisis de los datos se realizó utilizando la ecuación de estado de Thurstone V. En esta investigación, las herramientas de redes sociales preferidas por los estudiantes de educación superior con fines educativos se enumeran respectivamente como Instagram, WhatsApp, YouTube, Twitter, Snapchat, Telegram, Pinterest, Facebook / FB Messenger y TikTok. Además, se examinan las preferencias de los estudiantes de educación superior de ambos sexos sobre las herramientas de medios sociales con fines educativos. De acuerdo con esto, para las estudiantes femeninas, se enumera respectivamente como WhatsApp, Instagram, YouTube, Twitter, Snapchat, Pinterest, Telegram, TikTok y Facebook / FB Messenger; y para los estudiantes masculinos, se enumera respectivamente como Instagram, WhatsApp, YouTube, Twitter, Telegram, Facebook / FB Messenger, Snapchat y Pinterest