Çocukların tükettiği yiyecek ve içeceklerin süt ve daimi diş rengine etkisi

      Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate color effect of frequently used food and beverage consumption of children on primary and permanent tooth of enamel.       Methods: In this study; cola, ayran, orange juice, strawberries yogurt were used as acidic food and beverage tooth enamel were used. Each 5 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness of material, the total 300 samples have been prepared The 600 samples have been prepared in 5 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness of material. After measuring the initial pH of the drinks used in the study, the samples were waited in those solutions for 10 seconds. Later it were washed for 10 seconds with distilled water and this process were repeated forty times for each time (one day, one week,  one month, three months, 6 months). The control group samples were stored at distilled water without subject to any cycling.       Results: While the most discoloration value of materials was determined in cola and fruit juice, the lower discoloration value of materials values were observed in strawberry yogurt and ayran. The least discoloration value of materials was detected in the distilled water.       Conclusion: The different type of foods and drinks was affected different proportions to color stability of primary and permanent tooth.       Key words: Tooth enamel, color stability, food, beverage.        ÖZET       Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı çocukların sıklıkla tükettiği yiyecek ve içeceklerin süt ve daimi diş minesinin rengine etkisini incelemektir.       Gereç ve yöntem: Çalışmada asidik yiyecek ve içecekler olarak gazlı içecek, ayran, portakal suyu, çilekli yoğurt kullanıldı. Süt ve daimi dişlerin bukkal yüzeylerindeki orta üçlü bölgesinden 5x5 mm ebatlarında mine dokusu çıkarılarak, toplam 300 örnek hazırlandı. Çalışmada yararlanılan içeceklerin başlangıç pH’ları ölçüldükten sonra, her örnek bu solüsyonlar içerisinde 10 sn bekletildi. 10 sn distile su ile yıkandı ve bu işlem farklı zaman dilimlerinde (1 gün, 1 hafta, 1 ay, 3 ay, 6 ay) ağız ortamını taklit etmek üzere 40 kez tekrarlandı. Kontrol grubu örnekler döngüye tabi tutulmaksızın distile su içerisinde saklandı. Bekleme sürelerinin sonunda tüm örneklerin renk ölçümleri yapıldı. Elde edilen sonuçlar Varyans analizi ve Duncan testi ile istatistiksel olarak değerlendirildi.       Bulgular: En fazla renklenme değerleri gazlı içecek ve meyve suyu grubunda saptanırken, ayran ve çilekli yoğurt grubunda daha düşük renklenme değerleri gözlendi. Distile suda en az boyanma değeri saptandı.       Sonuç: Farklı tipteki yiyecek ve içeceklerin kullanılan süt ve daimi dişlerin renk stabilitesini farklı oranlarda etkilediği gözlendi.        Anahtar kelimeler: Diş minesi, renk stabilitesi, yiyecek, içece

Jersey ineklerinde süt verim özelliklerine ait genetik ve çevresel parametrelerin tahmini

The aim of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters and environmental factors for testday milk yield (TDMY), lactation milk yield (LMY), 305-day milk yield (305-DMY), milk fatpercentage (FP) and milk protein percentage (PP) of Jersey cows raised on KaraköyAgricultural State Farm in Samsun province of Turkey. The data were obtained from 279 milkyield records of 170 heads cows calved from 2011 to 2013 years. Parity, calving season andcalving year were considered as fixed effects. Heritability, additive genetic variance andphenotypic variance were estimated by multiple trait derivative free restricted maximumlikelihood (MTDFREML) with the animal model. Variance analysis results showed thatexcept for FP, the effects of parity and calving year on TDMY, LMY, 305-DMY and PP weresignificantly important (P0.05). Heritability estimates for TDMY, LMY, 305-DMY, FP and PPwere 0.38, 0.30, 0.28, 0.19, and 0.36, respectively. Repeatability for TDMY, LMY, 305-DMY, FP and PP were ranged from 0.35 to 0.45. The results indicate that these traits can beused as a selection criteria in genetic improvement of Jersey cattle this herd.Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’nin Samsun ilinde bulunan Karaköy Tarım İşletmesi’nde yetiştirilen Jersey ineklerinin test günü süt verimi (TGSV), laktasyon süt verimi (LSV), 305- gün süt verimi (305-GSV), süt yağ oranı (YO) ve süt protein oranı (PO) için genetik parametre ve çevresel faktörleri tahmin etmektir. Veriler, 2011 ve 2013 yılları arasında buzağılamış 170 baş ineğin 279 süt verim kaydından elde edilmiştir. Laktasyon sırası, buzağılama mevsimi ve buzağılama yılı sabit faktörler olarak dikkate alınmıştır. Kalıtım derecesi, eklemeli genetik varyans ve fenotipik varyans, bireysel hayvan modelinde MTDFREML ile tahmin edilmiştir. Varyans analiz sonuçları, YO hariç, TGSV, LSV, 305-GSV, YO ve PO üzerine laktasyon sırası ve buzağılama yılının etkilerinin istatistiksel olarak önemli olduğunu göstermiştir (P<0.05). Ancak, buzağılama mevsimi TGSV, LSV, 305-GSV, YO ve PO’nı etkilememiştir. TGSV, LSV, 305-GSV, YO ve PO için kalıtım dereceleri sırasıyla 0.38, 0.30, 0.28, 0.19 ve 0.36 olarak tahmin edilmiştir. TGSV, LSV, 305-GSV, YO ve PO için tekrarlama dereceleri ise 0.35 ile 0.45 arasındadır. Sonuçlar, bu özelliklerin bu sürüde Jersey sığırların genetik olarak iyileştirilmesinde bir seleksiyon kriterleri olarak kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir

Genetic polymorphism of STAT1 and STAT5A genes in holstein, Jersey, and indigenous cattle breeds in Turkey

This study aimed to determine genetic polymorphism in STAT1 and STAT5A genes for dairy cattle and some native cattle breeds in Turkey. 283 Jersey and a total of 472 Holstein cows from two different herds and 93 Grey Steppe, 85 Anatolian Black Cattle, and 66 East Anatolian Red cattle were used in this research. Generally, C allele gene frequency was higher than T allele for STAT1 in all breeds whereas C allele gene frequency was detected higher than G allele for STAT5A in Jersey and East Anatolian Red. On the other hand, G allele gene frequency was higher than C allele in Holstein, Grey Steppe, and Anatolian Black Cattle breeds. The expected deviations from the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium were significant only for Jersey breeds for STAT1 gene. Meanwhile, the expected deviation from equilibrium was also significantly different for Holstein in Black Sea Region (BSR), Anatolian Black Cattle and Grey Steppe for the STAT5A gene. FIS values were determined to STAT1 gene as negative for all breeds except for Holstein in Marmara Region (MR). Similarly, this value was determined to STAT5A gene as positive for all breeds except for Holstein in BSR. The genetic distances for two loci were calculated between 0.0029 and 0.1599 among all populations. Depending on the cluster analysis, Holstein in BSR and MR, Anatolian Black Cattle, East Anatolian Red were closely clustered to each other, while Grey Steppe and Jersey were located in completely different clusters. As a conclusion, based on the detected genetic diversity in STAT1 and STAT5A genes, it is possible to make a genetic improvement among bovine breeds raised in Turkey. © 2020, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi. All rights reserved

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE BRAND PREFERENCES OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS STUDYING SPORTS IN TURKEY AND PORTUGAL

The purpose of this study is to find out and compare the factors effective in brand preferences of the students of Ondokuz Mayıs University Yaşar Doğu Faculty of Sport Sciences in Turkey and Instituto Politecnico da Guarda Faculty of Sports in Portugal in terms of sports products. 266 students (170 male, 96 female) attending sports faculties in Turkey and Portugal participated in this study. A questionnaire about the sports products preferences developed by Tozoğlu (2009) was used in order to find out the brand preferences of students. Student t-test was used to determine whether there is a significant difference between sport faculty students in Portugal and in Turkey. Chi square analysis was used to find out whether the students’ reasons for preferring a brand differed in terms of the schools, they were attending. Differences were found between the factors that affected the brand preferences of the students of Ondokuz Mayıs University (OMU) Yaşar Doğu Faculty of Sport Sciences and Instituto Politecnico da Guarda (IPG) Faculty of Sports in sports products. It was found that when compared with the students of IPG, students of OMU preferred brands since they provided quality guarantee, they were indicators of status and they gave a sense of security. It was found that students of OMU and IPG paid attention to the price while buying a brand product. Turkish students were found to be more dependent on brands when compared with Portuguese students. In addition, the price factor in the purchase of branded products is becoming a common element of the students of both countries. The tendency towards branded sporting products can manifest itself in increasing or decreasing proportions relative to advertising and promotional activities. The management of this orientation as a healthy process can be achieved by the effects of planned school education on the cultural structure.  Article visualizations

Restless legs syndrome and depression-anxiety disorder association in iron deficiency anemia patients

Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) is a disorder in which the person experiences a strong urge to move their legs or other extremities during rest. This urge to move is associated with tingling, pulling or other unpleasant and uncomfortable feelings; it usually slowly increases in the affected limb and often affects sleep. The incidence in general population is 5-15%. Although the pathophysiology is not fully understood, it was thought to result from the iron and dopamine metabolism irregularities and also has a genetic component. There are publications that show the frequency of disease in patients with iron deficiency or renal failure reaches up to 80%. In this study, we investigated the incidence of restless leg syndrome in anemic patients without any other organic disease or drug use, which can cause restless legs syndrome. We also tried to find out if there is a relation between restless legs syndrome, ferritin levels, anxiety and depression. Our retrospective, cross sectional study was made in The Ministry of Health and family medicine, neurology and psychiatry outpatient clinics of Ordu University Education and Research Hospital. 47 patients who were admitted to above mentioned clinics whose ferritin levels were under 50 ng/ml without any other disease and were not on medication (including those indicated for iron deficiency anemia) was included in to the study. All patients were given the Beck depression inventory and Beck anxiety inventory. The patients were questioned in terms of the basic diagnostic criteria established by International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group. Definitive diagnosis could be established by the patients that meet the four criterias for the diagnosis. International Restless Legs Scale applied to patients diagnosed with RLS. Of 47 patients, 39 were female and 8 were male. 28 (%59.6) of the patients met the criteria of RLS. 28 patients with a diagnosis of RLS; 4 of them mild, 11 of them moderate, 8 of them severe and 5 of them experienced very severe symptoms of RLS. The relationship between the RLS and ferritin levels were checked and there was no statistically significant difference between them. A significant difference was not found in Beck depression scores between patients with and without RLS, but when the groups were compared in terms of Beck anxiety score, there were a significant difference. There was no significant relationship between RLS severity and Beck depression or Beck anxiety scores. RLS can be seen in %5-15 of general population and it is much more likely to emerge in the presence of an organic problem such as iron deficiency anemia. The diagnosis of the disorder is set clinically and RLS had a different significance because it may cause sleep disturbances and psychiatric disorders. If not questioned, this problem, which is not easily noticeable, can lead to misdiagnosis and misinterpreted as an anxiety disorder or a primary sleep disorder. Therefore the symptoms that could be corrected only by iron deficiency treatment, could be inşamed further by giving antidepressants and hypnotics

Sportif başarıya hasret ölçeği: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması

Bu çalışmanın amacı, taraftarların takımlarının uzun süre şampiyon olamama durumundan nasıl etkilendiklerini, şampiyonluğa olan özlemlerini, düşüncelerini inceleyerek, tuttukları takımların uzun yıllardır başarıya hasret kalmasının sebeplerini belirlemek için kullanılabilecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçek geliştirmektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda çalışma nicel araştırma yöntemlerine uygun olarak kesitsel tarama deseninde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Uzman önerileri ile son şekli verilen 36 maddelik taslak ölçek, pilot çalışma için 37 yıldır şampiyonluk elde edemeyen Trabzonspor kulübünün taraftarları arasından tesadüfi örneklem yöntemi ile seçilen toplam 116 bireye uygulanmıştır. Ön çalışma neticesinde elde edilen verilerin analizinde madde-toplam madde korelasyonu, madde analizi, test tekrar test tekniği, açıklayıcı faktör analizi ve güvenirlik analizlerinden yararlanılmıştır. İstatistiksel analizleri neticesinde, 17 madde ve dört alt boyuttan oluşan sportif başarıya hasret ölçeği (SBHÖ) 201 bireyden büyük örneklem grubuna uygulanmış ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ile son halini almıştır. Bu bulgulara dayalı olarak, SBHÖ"nün taraftarların takımlarının uzun süre şampiyon olamama durumundan nasıl etkilendiklerini, şampiyonluğa olan özlemlerini, düşüncelerini inceleyerek, Türkiye’deki spor kulüplerinin uzun yıllardır başarıya hasret kalmasının sebeplerini belirlemede kullanılmaya elverişli, geçerli ve güvenilir bir veri toplama aracı olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır

Dose-dependent effect of Scolymus hispanicus L. (sevketibostan) on ethylene glycol-induced kidney stone disease in rats

7-13Kidney stone, also known as calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis, is one of the most common diseases worldwide. Calculi usually forms when urine becomes supersaturated with particular calcium salts such as calcium oxalate. In the present study, we investigated the ameliorative potential of the root extract of the Common golden thistle, Scolymus hispanicus L. (SH) on rats with ethylene glycol (EG) induced kidney stone disease. Sprague-Dawley rats, each weighing 250-300 g, were divided into three groups (n=6 per group): (i) Control (C); (ii) EG; and (iii) EG+SH. To induce nephrolithiasis, the rats received 1% of EG with drinking water, while the C group received normal drinking water during the study. SH extract 2 g/kg was added to the treatment from the 4th week onwards in EG+SH group. At the end of each experiment, rats were decapacitated and serum levels of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were assessed in all groups at 0, 4, and 8 weeks. Oxalic acid and creatininelevels were measured in urine samples collected at 24 h in metabolic cages. Renal tissues were evaluated histopathologically at the end of the experiment. After 8 weeks, serum creatinine levels were found decreased in the SH group while increased in the EG group. Serum magnesium and AST levels were also found decreased in the EG group, however, SH treatment reversed these values. The SH treatment also increased urinary oxalic acid levels. When the kidney tissue of EG group was examined, there was a high level of crystal/stone, especially in the renal cortex. In kidney tissues of the SH group, only small amounts of crystal/stone were observed. Our experimental findings have demonstrated the ameliorative potential of the aqueous extracts of S. hispanicus roots and shells on EG-induced in the kidney stones in rats. Isolation of active compounds of SH would be desirable to understand the biochemical mechanism behind the process better

Kanonik korelasyon analizi ve hayvancılıkta kullanımı

TEZ5627Tez (Doktora) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 2005.Kaynakça (s. 90-97) var.ix, 135 s. ; 29 cm.In animal breeding researches, generally more than one character or variable are taken for measurement from the same animal. In order to determine the degree and direction of the linear relationships belonging to these obtained measurements, simple correlation analysis is usually preferred by researchers. However, there may be many variables having effects on the chosen variable or variables, and these variables may also be interrelated. Most of the problems challenging the contemporary researchers are related to whether there is any relationship between two or more variables. The aims of this study are to explain canonical correlation analysis by taking into consideration main concepts which are simple correlation, multiple correlation, canonical correlation, partial canonical correlation, canonical variate, etc.; to present the test statistics which are used to test the significance of canonical correlation coefficients (CCC's); to put into practice the necessary points at stage both analysis and interpreting results. In order to illustrate its application, the relationship between eight different morphologic characters (X set) and three different live weights (Y set) measured from 86 kids, German FawnxHair Crossbred, was investigated by canonical correlation analysis. Moreover, both CCC's and partial CCCs for meaningful sets, L and Y sets, obtained via elimination of some variables, were estimated and compared the results of both analyses in the case of a high canonical correlation coefficient between X and Y sets. The results showed that the CCC was higher than maximum Pearson correlation coefficient between chest depth and chest girth, 0.931 and 0.871 respectively, and statistically significant (p< 0.01). Moreover, the CCC was estimated as 0.901 for L and Y sets. Instead of eliminating the variables, the first partial CCC was estimated as 0.572 when the effect of the variables on L and Y sets were kept constant. According to the results, it was determined that there was a difference of approximately 33 % between the correlation coefficients estimated for both meaning sets. It was also determined that the original variable contributing the explanatory capacity of U and V the most was chest depth.Zootekni çalışmalarında, bir hayvandan, genellikle, birden fazla özelliğe ait ölçümler alınmaktadır. Elde edilen bu ölçüm değerlerine ait doğrusal ilişkilerin derecesinin ve yönünün belirlenmesinde, araştırmacılar tarafından genellikle basit korelasyon analizi tercih edilmektedir. Ancak, bir araştırmada ele alınan değişkeni ve/veya değişkenleri, çok sayıda değişken etkilemekte olup, değişkenlerin birbirleri ile olan ilişkileri fazla olmaktadır. Günümüzde karşılaşılan sorunların birçoğu iki yada daha fazla değişken arasında bir ilişkinin olup olmadığının araştırılması ile ilgilidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; kanonik korelasyon analizini, temel kavramları (basit korelasyon, çoklu korelasyon, kanonik korelasyon, kısmi kanonik korelasyon, kanonik değişken vb. terimler) da dikkate alarak açıklamak; kanonik korelasyon katsayılarının önem kontrollerinde kullanılan test istatistiklerini tanıtmak; analiz uygulanırken ve sonuçları yorumlanırken dikkat edilmesi gereken hususları ortaya koymaktır. Kullanım yerine örnek olması açısından, 86 baş Alman Alaca x Kıl melezi oğlaklarından ölçülen 8 farklı morfolojik özellik (X değişken kümesi) ile 3 farklı dönemde tespit edilen canlı ağırlıklar (Y değişken kümesi) arasındaki ilişki kanonik korelasyon analizi ile incelenmiştir. Buna ilaveten, kanonik korelasyon katsayısının yüksek olması durumunda, bazı değişkenleri elemine ederek oluşturulan anlamlı kümeler (L ve Y değişken kümeleri) arasında hem kanonik korelasyon, hem de kısmı kanonik korelasyon katsayısı tahmin edilmiş ve sonuçları karşılaştırılmıştır. X ve Y değişken kümeleri için oluşturulan U ve V kanonik değişkenleri arasında tahmin edilen kanonik korelasyon katsayısı (0.931) bu değişkenler arasında hesaplanan en büyük Pearson korelasyon katsayısından (0.871) daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Vücut uzunluğu, cidago yüksekliği, göğüs derinliğine ait özelliklerin elimine edilmesi sonucu oluşturulan anlamlı kümeler arasında kanonik korelasyon katsayısı 0.901 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Aynı değişkenlerin elimine edilmesi yerine diğer değişken kümeleri üzerinde etkisi sabit tutulması durumunda kısmi kanonik korelasyon katsayısı 0.572 olarak tahmin edilmiştir. Bu sonuçlara göre aynı değişken kümeleri arasında hesaplanan korelasyon katsayıları arasında yaklaşık olarak % 33' lük bir fark olduğu belirlenmiştir. Buna ilaveten, U ve V kanonik değişkenlerin açıklayıcı gücüne en fazla katkı sağlayan orijinal değişkenin göğüs derinliği olduğu tespit edilmiştir.Bu çalışma Ç.Ü. Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi Tarafından Desteklenmiştir. Proje No: ZF2004D1

Variogram analizi ve tarımsal araştırmalarda kullanım

TEZ3616Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 2000.Kaynakça (s. 38-41) var.vi, 42 s. : rnk. res. ; 30 cm.

Estimation of variance components related to milk yield of jersey cattle by different methods

Süt sığırcılığında, süt verimlerine ilişkin varyans unsurları ile bunlara bağlı olan genetik parametrelerin yansız tahminler veren yöntemler kullanılarak hesaplanması oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, Karaköy Tarım İşletmesindeki Jersey sığır sürüsünde 1984-2008 yılları arasında tutulmuş 3630 laktasyon süt verim kaydı kullanılarak varyans unsurları ve genetik parametreler ANOVA, ML, REML ve MIVQUE yöntemleriyle tahmin edilmiştir. Tahminlerdeki yansızlığın karşılaştırılmasında varyansların oranı$\sigma^2_{\alpha}/\sigma^2_{e}$ ölçüt olarak alınmıştır. Boğa modeli altında ANOVA, ML, REML ve MIVQUE yöntemleriyle elde edilen varyans oranlarının tümü 0.50'den küçük bulunmuş ancak ML ve REML yöntemleri birbirine daha yakın değerler vermiştir. Ancak, hayvan modeli altında DFREML yöntemiyle elde edilen varyans oranının 0.50'den büyük olması, bu çalışma için REML yönteminin daha doğru sonuç vereceğini göstermiştir. Boğa modeli altında kalıtım derecesi tahminleri ANOVA, ML, REML ve MIVQUE yöntemleriyle sırasıyla 0.317, 0.459, 0.477 ve 0.135 olarak bulunurken hayvan modeli altında DFREML yöntemiyle 0.481 olarak bulunmuştur. Anahtar Sözcükler: Jersey, Süt verimi, Varyans unsurları, Genetik parametre, Tahmin yöntemleriIn dairy cattle management, the estimation of variance components and genetic parameters related to milk yield by using unbiased methods is very important. In this study, 3630 lactation milk yield records of Jersey cattle herd in the Karakoy Agricultural State Farm between the years 1984-2008 were obtained, and variance components and genetic parameters related to milk yield were estimated by ANOVA, ML, REML and MIVQUE methods. Variance ratios $\sigma^2_{\alpha}/\sigma^2_{e}$ were taken as a criteria in the comparison of unbiasedness and effectiveness of the estimates. Despite all of the variance ratios obtained from ANOVA, ML, REML and MIVQUE methods by sire model were found less than 0.50, ML and REML results were very similar. Therefore, REML method was found to be more effective than the other methods in this study, because the variance ratio obtained from DFREML by animal model was greater than 0.50. While the heritability estimates for ANOVA, ML, REML and MIVQUE methods by sire model were determined to be 0.317, 0.459, 0.477 and 0.135, respectively, it was obtained as 0.481 from DFREML by animal model