Air passenger traffic and local employment: Evidence from Turkey

By providing fast and safe transportation opportunities, air transportation plays an important social and economic role in the development of cities and the nation as a whole. Using Census 2000 data from 31 provinces, this study attempts to figure out the possible effects of air passenger traffic on the local composition of employment in Turkey. Its results suggest that employment in many industries and occupations benefits from the existence of scheduled air passenger traffic. More concretely, we found that a 10% point increase in air passenger traffic per capita would generate 15,013 service-related jobs throughout the 31 provinces analysed

Capital structure and firm performance

The privatisation and liberalisation waves have been increasing the number of private companies in the aviation industry. This, in turn, necessitates new policy analyses on major financial decisions regarding capital structure, corporate governance and investments. Among these major topics, the research about the association between capital structure and financial performance of the aviation companies largely focuses on the airlines. But a comparable analysis for the airport companies is less explored. The goal of this study is to contribute to the literature by analysing how the capital structure of the publicly traded airport companies affects their profitability and market valuation. Using an unbalanced panel data sample of 29 publicly traded airports from 20 countries over the 1989-2017 period, our findings suggest that higher total and long-term leverage tend to decrease return on assets whereas they are positively associated with return on equity

Halka Açık Demiryolu Şirketlerinin Yönetişim Aydınlatma Notlarının Belirleyicileri Determinants of the Governance Disclosure Scores of the Publicly Traded Rail Companies

Serbestleşme, ticarileşme ve özelleştirme eğilimlerinin etkisiyle, hisse senetleri halka arz edilen demiryolu şirketlerinin sayısı dünya genelinde her geçen gün artmakta olup, bu eğilim anılan şirketlerin şeffaflık, yönetişim aydınlatma ve kurumsal yönetim ile ilgili sorunlarını beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu çalışma mezkur kavramlardan yönetişim aydınlatmaya odaklanmakta ve halka açık demiryolu şirketlerinin yönetişim aydınlatma notlarının belirleyicilerini ekonometrik modeller yardımıyla tahmin etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. 2005-2017 yılları arasında 7 ülkeden toplam 34 adet halka açık demiryolu şirketinin yönetişim aydınlatma notları ile bilanço ve gelir tablosu verileri kullanılarak yapılan analizlerin sonuçlarına göre, yönetim kurulu büyüklüğü, yönetim kurulundaki bağımsız üye oranı, şirket büyüklüğü ve finansal kaldıraç değişkenlerindeki artış, yönetişim aydınlatma notunu arttırırken Kara Avrupası Hukuk Sistemini benimseyen ülkelerde kurulmuş halka açık demiryolu şirketleri, Anglo-Sakson Hukuk Sistemini uygulayan ülkelerdeki demiryolu şirketlerine göre daha düşük yönetişim aydınlatma notlarına sahip olmaktadır. The number of listed rail companies has been increasing due to the liberalization, commercialization, and privatization tendencies. This trend in turn creates problems regarding the transperancy, public disclosure, and corporate governance of the publicly traded rail companies. The aim of this study is predicting the determinants ofthe governance disclosure scores of the publicly traded rail companies. Our findings, using a sample of 34 rail companies from 7 countries over the 2005-2017 period, suggest that board size, percentage of outside directors, company size, and financial leverage have a positive association with the governance disclosure scores whereas rail companies founded in civil law countries are likely to have lower governance disclosure score than those established in the common law countries

Comparison of Long-Term Efficacy and Reliability of Mid-Urethral Sling Surgeries in Stress Type Urinary Incontinence Treatment

Amaç: Transobturator tape (TOT) ve tension free vaginal tape (TVT) operasyonları stres tipte idrar kaçırma (StİK) tedavisinde kullanılan standart orta üretra askı cerrahileridir. Çalışmamızda, TOT/TVT operasyonlarının; klinik başarı, komplikasyon ve uzun dönem etkinlik/güvenilirliğini değerlendirmeyi amaçladık.Materyal ve Metot: Tek bir cerrah tarafından 2011-2020 tarihleri arasında spinal anestezi altında orta üretral askı (TOT ve TVT) cerrahisi uygulanan toplam 79 hasta retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Hastaların pre-operatif anamnez, fizik muayene, laboratuvar değerlendirmesi ve ürodinamik incelemeleri yapıldı. Hastaların cerrahi başarısı, per-operatif komplikasyonları, post-operatif erken dönem ve geç dönem komplikasyonları değerlendirildi.Bulgular: Orta üretra askı operasyonu uygulanan 41(%51,9) hastaya TOT ve 38 (%48,1) hastaya TVT cerrahisi uygulandı. Hastaların ortalama yaşı 54,5±9,5 yıl ve ortalama takip süresi 55,4 (min 2,9-max 113,7) aydır. Cerrahi sonrası 77 hastada (%97,5) StİK şikayetinin tamamen ortadan kalktığı gözlenirken, TVT uygulanan 2 (%2,5) hastada sıklığı azalmış olsa da StİK’nın devam ettiği gözlendi. Postoperatifdönemde 4 (%5) TVT hastasında ve 5 (%6,3) TOT hastasında de-nova sıkışma tipi idrar kaçırma gözlendi.Sonuç: Orta üretra askı operasyonlarından TOT ve TVT cerrahileri StİK tedavisinde başarı oranları yüksek tedavi seçenekleridir. TVT operasyonunda TOT cerrahisine göre komplikasyon oranlarının düşük oranda da olsa yüksek olmasına rağmen uzun dönem izlem sonrası her iki operasyonun da etkili ve güvenilir olduğu tespit edildi.Aim: Trans-obturator tape (TOT) and tension free vaginal tape (TVT) operations are standard mid urethral sling surgeries used in stress type urinary incontinence (STUI) treatment. We aimed to evaluate the clinical success, complications and long-term efficacy / reliability of TOT / TVT surgeries. Materials and Methods: A total of 79 patients who underwent middle urethral sling (TOT and TVT) operation by a single surgeon under spinal anesthesia between 2011-2020 were evaluated retrospectively. Pre-operative anamnesis, physical examination, laboratory evaluation and urodynamic examinations of the patients were analysed. Surgical success, per-operative complications, post-operative early and late complications were evaluated. Results: Trans-obturator tape and TVT surgery was performed in 41 (51.9%) and 38 (48.1%) patients respectively. The average age of the patients was 54.5 ± 9.5 years and the mean follow-up period was 55.4 (min 2.9-max 113.7) months. It was observed that STUI symptoms disappeared completely in 77 patients (97.5%) after surgery, while STUI symptoms continued in 2 (2.5%) patients with TVT. De-novo urgency incontinence was observed in 4 (5%) TVT patients and 5 (6.3%) TOT patients at post-operative period. Conclusion: Mid-urethral sling operations (TOT and TVT surgeries) are the treatment options with high success rates in STUI treatment. Although complication rates were higher in TVT operation compared to TOT surgery, after long-term follow-up, it was found that both operations were effective and reliable

A newborn with an alternative porto-caval shunt

BACKGROUND: Absent ductus venosus (ADV) is a rare condition, but it should be known that this embryonic anomaly may be detected by fetal echocardiographic or newborn ultrasound examinations. CASE REPORT: We present a baby with an ADV and an accompanying alternative porto-caval shunt between the right portal vein and inferior vena cava detected on postnatal ultrasound examination. CONCLUSIONS: Variations in the fetal umbilical or porto-systemic circulations should be detected by fetal or newborn ultrasound examinations and kept in mind before common interventions such as UV catheterizations

Özelleştirmelerin Yoksulluk Üzerindeki Etkisi: Ülkeler Arası Bir Kanıt

anemonÖzelleştirme politikaları oldukça ihtilaflı birkonudur. Bu konuda yapılan akademik çalışmalar özelleştirmelerin şirketdüzeyindeki performans etkileri üzerine odaklanmakta, toplu anlamda finansal veekonomik etkileri nispeten daha az çalışılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, özelleştirme programlarının yoksulluk üzerindeki etkilerini araştırarak bu alandakiboşluğa katkı yapmaktır. 83 adet ülkeyi içeren ve 1988-2007 dönemini kapsayanbir veri seti kullanılarak yapılan analizlerin sonucuna göre, özelleştirmeuygulamaları yoksulluk oranlarını düşürücü bir etkiye sahiptir.Privatization policies are quite controversial.But the academic studies regarding the effect of privatization mostly focus onthe firm level performance impacts and the aggregate financial and economicimpacts remained relatively untouched. The aim of this study is to contributeto this policy gap by examining how privatization programs affect povertylevels. Using a sample of 83 countries over the 1988-2007 period, our analysessuggest that privatization implementations tend to reduce poverty rates.45276

Effect of ulnar styloid fixation on functional and radiologic outcomes after distal radius fractures

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the functional and radiological outcomes of ulnar styloid fractures, with or without internal fixation, that followed distal radius fractures. Methods: Between January 2011 and June 2017, 206 distal radius fractures were operated on in our hospital. In total, 71 patients were included in the study. Thirty-five ulnar styloid fractures were fixed, and Thirty-six could not be fixed. The mean age of patients was 45 years (20–64 years), and the mean follow-up time of patients was 19 months (12–30 months) Results: In the unfixed ulnar styloid fracture group, the QuickDASH score was 20.8 and Mayo wrist score was 65. On the other hand, in the fixed ulnar styloid fracture group, the Quick DASH score was 11 and Mayo wrist score was 75. When comparing the groups, no statistically significant differences were found between their Quick DASH scores, Mayo wrist scores, grip strength, and wrist movements (p>0.05). In the unfixed group, 10 nonunions were observed, while in the fixed group, 9 nonunions were observed. Conclusion: In our study, ulnar styloid fracture fixation did not affect the functional outcomes of distal radius fractures. Surgeons should be more selective for ulnar styloid fixation in patients with ulna styloid fracture combined wrist fractures

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SHOCK WAVE TREATMENT IN SUBCALCANEAL PAIN SYNDROME

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) in patients with subcalcaneal pain syndrome. A total of 23 women and seven men aged 20 to 60 yrs, with subcalcaneal pain were enrolled in the study. Patients had not received any steroid injections within the last six months and could not be relieved with medical treatment. AOFAS, FADI, Roles and Maudsley scores were compared using dependent groups’ t-test. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare patients with morning pain and those with all day long lasting pain, and patients having symptoms for shorter or longer than a year. AOFAS, FADI, Roles and Maudsley scores before and following the treatments were significantly different (