Mean platelet volume is associated with disease severity in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

OBJECTIVE: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is associated with cardiovascular diseases and thromboembolic events. The mean platelet volume (MPV) is a predictor of cardiovascular thromboembolic events. The aim of the present study is to investigate the association between the MPV and disease severity in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. METHODS: We prospectively included 194 obstructive sleep apnea syndrome patients without cardiovascular disease (mean age 56.5±12.5 years) who were undergoing sleep tests. An overnight full laboratory polisomnography examination was conducted on each patient. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI): (1) AHIlow group: 5≤AH

Results of bronchoscopic excision in typical carcinoid tumors of the lung in Turkey

Aim Carcinoid tumors of the lung are the tumors originating from the neuroendocrine cells. Surgical excision remains the gold standard for the treatment. Treatment with interventional bronchoscopic excision has also been reported as an alternative option in typical carcinoid tumors of the lung. The aim of this study was to present results and outcomes in patients who were bronchoscopically treated and followed-up. Methods Data of 14 patients, who had undergone bronchoscopic excision due to typical carcinoid tumor of the lung between April 2008 and July 2015 were retrospectively evaluated. Bronchoscopic excision procedures were performed under general anesthesia, while control bronchoscopies were carried out with flexible bronchoscopy. Time between the first and last bronchoscopies was accepted as the follow-up duration. Results A total of 14 patients was evaluated with eight (57.1%) males. Mean age was 43.57±14.07 (23-68) years. The most common symptoms were shortness of breath and coughing. Mean of 5.69±3.35 (2-12) bronchoscopy procedures were performed in the patients during the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Mean follow-up duration was 32.0±19.22 months. At the long-term follow-up, two patients developed 50% stenosis and one patient developed granulation tissue in the endobronchial treatment site. None of the patients developed recurrence during the mean 32-month follow-up. Conclusion Endobronchial treatment is a safe and successful treatment method in well selected typical carcinoid tumor cases that are centrally located, having no radiological suspicion of local or distant metastasis, distally visible but not located on the bronchi with a wide base on bronchoscopy

Right Heart Thrombi Accompained with Pulmonary Embolism

Aim: Right sided heart thrombus (RSHT) is rarely seen. It is generally detected during transthoracic echocardiographic (TTE) examination or multislice thoracic computed tomographic scanning for pulmonary embolism (PE). Although RSHT and PE secondary to this situation is rare, mortality during the course of process is very high. We aim to aproach right cardiac trombus and determine the results of treatment. Method: In this study 25 patients hospital records were investigated retrospectively. The data obtained consisted of diagnostic methods, presence of shock state, treatments applied and results were assessed. Results: Th present study revealed that the 32% of patients had been admitted to hospital in shock state, hospital mortality rate was 24%, and this mortality rate was not affected by different treatment choices. Conclusion: The exact incidence of RSHT is unknown. It is reported that the probability of seeing a case suffering from RSHT during echocardiographic examination performed to diagnose the PE is 9%. RSHT may cause PE anytime and requires urgent treatment. In our study, we determined that the hospital mortaliy did not change with the type of given treatment and overall mortality was determined as 24%. There are no sufficient studies searching large series on RSHT in literature. Therefore, there is no agreement on treatment tecniques

Candida glabrata pneumonia in a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

WOS: 000388039000001Pneumonia remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality among infectious diseases. Streptococcus pneumoniae and viruses are the most common cause of pneumonia. Candidiasis in such patients has been associated with haemodialysis, fungal colonization, exposure to broad-spectrum antibiotics, intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalization, and immunocompromised patients. The most common cause of infection is C. albicans. The case presented here is of a 66-year-old male patient diagnosed with C. glabrata. The patient suffered from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Effect of CPAP Treatment on Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) and Platelet Distribution Width (PDW) in Patients With Sleep Apnea Syndrome

Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome is a common disorder that can cause hypercoagulation. Mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet distribution width (PDW) are associated with hypercoagulability. This study aimed to investigate whether MPV and PDW values change in patients with OSA who were treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) device. Methods: A total of 43 adult patients with OSA who were treated with CPAP were included in this retrospective study. Patients who underwent CPAP treatment for <5 days/week and <4 h/day were excluded. Blood parameters, including MPV and PDW, were recorded before CPAP treatment and at the third month of CPAP treatment. All patients underwent polysomnographic evaluation with full night polysomnography and in the second night CPAP titration was performed together with full night polysomnography and MPV and PDW values were statistically compared before and after CPAP treatment. Results: Apnea hypopnea index was significantly reduced, whereas oxygen saturation was significantly increased at CPAP titration night (p<0.001). The third month of CPAP treatment resulted in significantly low PDW (p=0.004) values, but MPV values did not change. Conclusion: PDW value at the third month of CPAP treatment revealed a significant improvement compared with the values before treatment; moreover, no change was observed in MPV values. It was concluded that in patients with OSA who were treated with CPAP, activation of platelets may result in recovery

Successful Treatment of Bulla with Endobronchial Valves

Emphysematous bullae are a complication of end-stage COPD. Patients with large bullae and poor respiratory function have limited treatment options. Surgical resection is a recognized treatment, but functional improvement after bullectomy is not satisfactory in patients with forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) < 35% predicted. When this 59-year-old male end-stage COPD patient was assessed, he was cachectic and lung function tests showed a FEV1 of 0.56 L (19% predicted) and a RV of 7 L (314% predicted), while 6MWT was 315 m and MRC dyspnea score was 4. Chest X-ray revealed a massive bulla of 10 cm in diameter in the right middle lobe. A fibrobronchoscopy was performed under local anesthesia and 2 Zephyr 4.0 valves were placed in the right middle lobe. Chest X-ray and CT scan performed 36 days later showed the complete resolution of the bulla. Seven months later, the patient demonstrated an improvement in FEV1 (+30%) and a decrease in RV from 314 to 262% predicted. This case report shows that the Zephyr valves may be successfully used to treat a large bulla in the right middle lobe in a patient with diffuse emphysema and severely impaired lung function

Aortic stiffness increases in proportion to the severity of apnoea-hypopnea index in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome

WOS: 000379940400007PubMed: 25401950Background and AimsObstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSA) and aortic stiffness are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Although aortic stiffness increased in patients with OSA, the relationship between severity of OSA indicated with apnoea-hypopnea index (AHI) and aortic stiffness was not investigated in previous studies. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the severity of OSA and aortic stiffness. MethodsIn the present study, 90 consecutive OSA patients definite diagnosed with sleep test were prospectively included (mean age 54.511.6 years). Aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (AIx) were calculated using the single-point method via the Mobil-O-Graph (R) ARCsolver algorithm. Aortic distensibility (AD) was calculated from the echocardiographically derived ascending aorta diameters and haemodynamic pressure measurements. Overnight full-laboratory polysomnography examination was conducted on each subject. Patients were classified into two groups according to their median AHI values (AHI(low) and AHI(high) groups). ResultsPWV values were higher and AD values were lower in AHIhigh group compared with AHIlow group (P<0.05, for all). AHI was associated with body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, aortic diameter, AD, AIx and PWV in bivariate analysis (P<0.05, for all). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that AHI was independently associated with BMI (=0.175, P=0.047), PWV (=0.521, P<0.001) and aortic distensibility (=-0.223, P=0.020). ConclusionsAortic stiffness is associated both with the presence and the severity of OSA