El individuo y sus redes sociales

Portes, Guarnizo y Landolt (2003) han sugerido repensar la unidad de análisis de los estudios transnacionales en torno al estudio del “individuo y sus redes sociales”. El presente artículo propone incorporar conceptos y metodologías de la teoría de redes sociales para el análisis de las denominadas “comunidades personales”, como instancias “meso” de constitución de los ámbitos de sociabilidad de los inmigrantes transnacionales. Esta perspectiva permite incluir en el análisis no sólo las redes sociales que los inmigrantes desarrollan con sus paisanos dentro de su circuito migratorio transnacional, sino también las redes que desarrollan con las personas originarias de la sociedad receptora, e incluso con inmigrantes de otras nacionales. Este giro metodológico ofrece una perspectiva más realista sobre los múltiples procesos de pertenencia social y cultural que desarrollan los inmigrantes entre las sociedades de destino y origen de sus procesos migratorios

Repensando la etnicidad y el transnacionalismo desde el análisis de redes personales

La etnicidad y el transnacionalismo se ha entendido desde los vínculos que los migrantes mantienen con personas de su sociedad y cultura de origen, pero no desde una vision "integral" de sus vínculos, que incluya también a personas de la sociedad de destino o de otros orígenes culturales. El artículo presenta una propuesta para "medir" la etnicidad y el transnacionalismo en los migrantes desde el análisis de las propiedades de composición de sus redes personales. Los resultados del estudio se elaboraron con una muestra de 293 redes de los siguientes colectivos migrantes: argentinos, dominicanos, peruanos, marroquíes y senegaleses en Barcelona, España. Los datos muestran que las redes de los migrantes tienen una estructura transnacional "multisituada" no solo entre los países de origen y destino sino también otros terceros y una composicón multiétnica. Los datos muestran también que entre los migrantes recientes los niveles de transnacionalismo son mayores y entre los migrantes más antiguos los niveles de transnacionalismo son mayores.Ethnicity and transnationalism has been understood for the ties that migrants maintain with members of their society and culture of origin, but not from a "holistic" vision of its links, including also people of the host society or other cultural backgrounds. The article presents a proposal for "measuring" ethnicity and migrant transnationalism from analyzing the properties of composition of their personal networks. The study results were made with a sample of 293 networks of migrants following groups: Argentinian, Dominican, Peruvian, Moroccan and Senegalese in Barcelona, Spain. The data show that migrant networks have a transnational structure "multisituada" not only between countries of origin and destination but also other third and a multiethnic composicón. The data also show that transnationalism levels are higher among recent immigrants and among the oldest migrant transnationalism levels are higher

Redes personales de africanos y latinoamericanos en Cataluña, España. Análisis reticular de integración y cambio

El artículo analiza comparativamente las redes personales de los inmigrantes argentinos, dominicanos, marroquíes y senegaleses/gambianos en Cataluña, España. Su objetivo es identificar los vínculos entre las variables de estructura y composición de estas redes, con los procesos de integración de los inmigrantes en la sociedad receptora. Finalmente, se analiza las dinámicas que desarrollan las redes personales y la relación de sus procesos de cambio interno con los procesos de transnacionalismo con la sociedad de origen.This paper analyzes, in comparative way, the personal networks of Argentinian, Dominican, Moroccan and Senegambian immigrants in Catalonia, Spain. The main objetive is to analyze relations structure and composition, and their relatios with the process of insertion of the immigrants in the destination society. This is possible by the development of new indicator. In the same way, this paper it also analyzes the strong processes of change in the structure and composition of the personal networks of the immigrants

Globalization and trans-national Andean religious rituals. The cult of Taytacha Qoyflur Ritti in Cuzco, Lima and New York

El texto presenta el proceso de redefinición de los rituales religiosos (peregrinaciones y fiestas patronales) en nuevas instancias generadoras de identidad y ciudadanía. Específicamente, los rituales religiosos recreados por comunidades migrantes andinas, procedentes de Cusco, en Lima (Perú) y Nueva York (Estados Unidos), en honor al taytacha (padre) Qoyllur Ritti. Para eso, partimos de la hipótesis de que estos rituales de culto tienen en medio del actual proceso de globalización otra finalidad, además de la religiosa: si décadas atrás formaban parte de un calendario mítico-ritual y una organización social campesina, ahora forman parte del amplio repertorio de estrategias con que comunidades de migrantes desarrollan identidades de resistencia e identidades proyecto en Perú y el extranjero.This study presents the process of renewing religious rituals (peregrinations and patron saint fiestas) towards new ways of generating identity and citizenship. In particular, the religious rituals in honour of Tayatacha (father) Qoyllur Ritti, recreated from Andean immigrants communities from Cuzco, Lima (Peru) and New York (United States). For this reason, we start from the hypothesis that these cultural rituals surpass the religion goal, inside the globalization process. From one side, looking at the past, these rituals are part of a mythic and ritual calendar and of a rural social organization. From other side, nowadays, they take part of a huge repertory of strategies, through which communities of immigrants develop identities to hold out against the homologation process.Grupo de Investigación Antropología y Filosofía (SEJ-126). Universidad de Granad

Longitudinal analysis of personal networks : the case of Argentinean migrants in Spain

Premi a l'excel·lència investigadora. 2010This paper discusses and illustrates various approaches for the longitudinal analysis of personal networks (multilevel analysis, regression analysis, and SIENA). We combined the different types of analyses in a study of the changing personal networks of immigrants. Data were obtained from 25 Argentineans in Spain, who were interviewed twice in a two-year interval. Qualitative interviews were used to estimate the amount of measurement error and to isolate important predictors. Quantitative analyses showed that the persistence of ties was explained by tie strength, network density, and alters' country of origin and residence. Furthermore, transitivity appeared to be an important tendency, both for acquiring new contacts and for the relationships among alters. At the network level, immigrants' networks were remarkably stable in composition and structure despite the high turnover. Clustered graphs have been used to illustrate the results. The results are discussed in light of adaptation to the host society

Effects of irrigation and shoot thinning on the size and phenolics content of developing grape berries (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Tempranillo)

 Aim of study: The concentration of phenolics in the grape berries can be influenced by cultural practices such as irrigation or thinning. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of combinations of these practices on grape size and phenolics content. Area of study: The trial was carried out in an experimental cv. Tempranillo vineyard located in Extremadura, Spain. Material and methods: Two irrigation regimes were considered: rainfed vines (non-irrigated, NIr), and 100% ETc irrigated vines (Ir). For each irrigation treatment, two cropping levels were studied: low shoot-thinning (LT) vs high shoot-thinning (HT) implemented in winter and spring, respectively. Berry weight, and total phenolics, proanthocyanidin, and anthocyanin concentrations were determined at eight stages of berry development in three consecutive years (2014, 2015, and 2016). Main results: Specific weather conditions of each year affected phenolics accumulation differently. In 2014, where maximum temperatures were low and an important rainfall occurred at Stage II, both the NIr-LT and NIr-HT treatments led to the greatest concentrations of total phenolics, proanthocyanidins, and anthocyanins. In 2015, where a little rainfall was registered at Stage II, the berries from the NIr-HT and Ir-HT treatments accumulated the greatest total phenolics and proanthocyanidin contents, but the NIr-LT and NIr-HT treatments led to the greatest accumulation of anthocyanins. Finally, in 2016, where high maximum temperatures and scarce rainfall were registered, the Ir-LT and Ir-HT treatments presented the greatest concentrations of total phenolics, proanthocyanidins, and anthocyanins. Research highlights: A significant effect of irrigation and thinning was observed on berry size and phenolic content, as well as year × thinning interaction

Effectiveness of a strategy that uses educational games to implement clinical practice guidelines among Spanish residents of family and community medicine (e-EDUCAGUIA project):A clinical trial by clusters

This study was funded by the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias FIS Grant Number PI11/0477 ISCIII.-REDISSEC Proyecto RD12/0001/0012 AND FEDER Funding.Background: Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) have been developed with the aim of helping health professionals, patients, and caregivers make decisions about their health care, using the best available evidence. In many cases, incorporation of these recommendations into clinical practice also implies a need for changes in routine clinical practice. Using educational games as a strategy for implementing recommendations among health professionals has been demonstrated to be effective in some studies; however, evidence is still scarce. The primary objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of a teaching strategy for the implementation of CPGs using educational games (e-learning EDUCAGUIA) to improve knowledge and skills related to clinical decision-making by residents in family medicine. The primary objective will be evaluated at 1 and 6months after the intervention. The secondary objectives are to identify barriers and facilitators for the use of guidelines by residents of family medicine and to describe the educational strategies used by Spanish teaching units of family and community medicine to encourage implementation of CPGs. Methods/design: We propose a multicenter clinical trial with randomized allocation by clusters of family and community medicine teaching units in Spain. The sample size will be 394 residents (197 in each group), with the teaching units as the randomization unit and the residents comprising the analysis unit. For the intervention, both groups will receive an initial 1-h session on clinical practice guideline use and the usual dissemination strategy by e-mail. The intervention group (e-learning EDUCAGUIA) strategy will consist of educational games with hypothetical clinical scenarios in a virtual environment. The primary outcome will be the score obtained by the residents on evaluation questionnaires for each clinical practice guideline. Other included variables will be the sociodemographic and training variables of the residents and the teaching unit characteristics. The statistical analysis will consist of a descriptive analysis of variables and a baseline comparison of both groups. For the primary outcome analysis, an average score comparison of hypothetical scenario questionnaires between the EDUCAGUIA intervention group and the control group will be performed at 1 and 6months post-intervention, using 95% confidence intervals. A linear multilevel regression will be used to adjust the model. Discussion: The identification of effective teaching strategies will facilitate the incorporation of available knowledge into clinical practice that could eventually improve patient outcomes. The inclusion of information technologies as teaching tools permits greater learning autonomy and allows deeper instructor participation in the monitoring and supervision of residents. The long-term impact of this strategy is unknown; however, because it is aimed at professionals undergoing training and it addresses prevalent health problems, a small effect can be of great relevance. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02210442.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

patrimonio intelectual

Actas de congresoLas VI Jornadas se realizaron con la exposición de ponencias que se incluyeron en cuatro ejes temáticos, que se desarrollaron de modo sucesivo para facilitar la asistencia, el intercambio y el debate, distribuidos en tres jornadas. Los ejes temáticos abordados fueron: 1. La enseñanza como proyecto de investigación. Recursos de enseñanza-aprendizaje como mejoras de la calidad educativa. 2. La experimentación como proyecto de investigación. Del ensayo a la aplicabilidad territorial, urbana, arquitectónica y de diseño industrial. 3. Tiempo y espacio como proyecto de investigación. Sentido, destino y usos del patrimonio construido y simbólico. 4. Idea constructiva, formulación y ejecución como proyecto de investigación. Búsqueda y elaboración de resultados que conforman los proyectos de la arquitectura y el diseño

Redes transnacionales. Análisis comparativo de argentinos, dominicanos, senegaleses y marroquíes en España

This paper proposes the study of the transnational communities from the perspective of the theory of social networks, specially the analysis of the personal networks in their local levels and non-local. This approach allows us to include in the analysis a wider screen for research of the personal networks of immigrants, that includes the whole social networks of immigrants settled in the host country and the country of origin, in a transnational circuit. Also, the personal network analysis allows us to include in the analysis the multicultural networks of the immigrant with people from different nationalities. This methodological turn provides a new perspective of analysis of the multiple processes of social and cultural belonging developed by immigrants. This proposal is based on a fieldwork with Argentine immigrants, Dominicans, Moroccans and Senegalese in Barcelona, between 2006 and 2008