Creación de un laboratorio virtual para la enseñanza universitaria de la embriología humana en sus aspectos biológicos, éticos y sociales

Tesis - Maestría en Bioética - Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Secretaría de Graduados en Ciencias de la Salud, 2013Las tecnologías de información y comunicación (TICs) tienen un alto potencial de desarrollo en la educación a distancia para apoyar los procesos de enseñanza/aprendizaje. Por otro lado, el desarrollo científico y tecnológico no depende sólo de los conocimientos científicos y de la experiencia técnica cumulada. Por el contrario, están condicionados por factores sociales, económicos, culturales, éticos y políticos. El núcleo central de la Embriología Humana es el desarrollo. Su enseñanza se basa tradicionalmente en métodos explicativos e ilustrativos desarrollados sobre un paradigma biológico. Nuestro objetivo general consistió en diseñar un ambiente virtual (Laboratorio) de apoyo para la enseñanza/aprendizaje a distancia de la Embriología humana en sus aspectos biológicos, éticos y sociales destinado a los alumnos de grado y postgrado de las Ciencias de la Salud. Nuestros objetivos específicos fueron : a-realizar actividades relacionadas al proyecto: búsqueda bibliográfica, encuestas, trabajos académicos, b- producir y seleccionar recursos digitales adecuados a los temas biológicos, éticos y sociales, c- diseñar un laboratorio virtual con los recursos disponibles para la enseñanza universitaria de la embriología humana. -Se realizaron: 1-búsqueda bibliográfica a través de las plataformas PubMed/Medline, Scimago/Scopus y Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (BVS)/Cielo, Cochrane. 2- encuestas estructuradas en base a opciones múltiples a fin de conocer la opinión de los estudiantes sobre la incorporación de actividades opcionales virtuales. 3- trabajos académicos con las experiencias presenciales y virtuales locales e internacionales entre diferentes unidades académicas de Argentina, Chile y Brasil ( grado y post-grado). 4- la producción de los recursos digitales se realizó en soporte CD-ROM e Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML), usando imágenes en extensión jpg pertenecientes a investigaciones de nuestros laboratoríos de histopatología. 5- el diseño del web site “ laboratorio virtual “ en sus Aspectos Biológicos, Eticos y Sociales.Communication and Information Technology (TICs) has a high potential for development in distance education to support teaching and learning. Scientific and technological developments do not solely depend on scientific knowledge and technical skills acquired through experience. Rather, they are also shaped by a multitude of factors, including social, economical, cultural, ethical and political influences. The central core of human embryology is development. Teaching of embryology has been traditionally based on explanatory and illustrative methods developed on a biological paradigm. Our overall objective was to design a virtual environment (Lab) to support distance teaching and learning of human embryology in its biological, social and ethical aspects. This environment would be intended for undergraduate and graduate students of the Health Sciences. Our objectives were: a-to produce project-based activities, b-to produce and select appropriate digital resources covering biological, ethical and social issues and c-to design a virtual laboratory with the resources available to the human embryology university education. Were performed: 1-through literature search platforms PubMed / MEDLINE, Scimago / Scopus and Virtual Health Library (VHL) / Heaven, Cochrane. 2 - structured surveys based on multiple options to obtain the views of students on incorporating virtual optional activities. 3 - reports the experiences and virtual local and international between different institutions in Argentina, Chile and Brazil (undergraduate and graduate). 4 - the production of digital resources was conducted in CD-ROM and Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML), using extension jpg images belonging to our research histopathology laboratories. 5 - web site design "virtual laboratory" in its biological, social and ethical.Fil: Avila, Rodolfo Esteban. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Secretaría de Graduados en Ciencias de la Salud; Argentina.Ética Médic

Obtención de nanosistemas biogénicos para aplicaciones en SERS

TESIS DE LICENCIATURANanotechnology as a field of great relevance at present has focused its efforts in the controlled obtaining of nanosystems of different shape, size, dispersion and chemical composition, as well as its different applications; Furthermore, the field of nanobiotechnology investigates the use of a biological material to manufacture nanosystems, which can improve the biocompatibility of the nanomaterial, which generates widely dispersed systems in size and morphology. For this reason, in the present research, the synthesis and characterization of three different nanosystems are presented: obtaining of silver and gold nanoparticles using Anemopsis californica extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent; generation of nanocomposites of biosynthesized graphene oxide functionalized with silver and gold nanoparticles; and obtaining of hybrid nano/microstructures of silver and gold nanoparticles using pollen grains of Dimorphotheca ecklonis as a template. In addition to the synthesis and characterization of the nanosystems, its evaluation was carried out as substrates for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) effect, occupying methylene blue as the signal molecule. Gold and silver nanoparticles with A. californica extract were obtained, using different solvents in the preparation of the extract (water, methanol and isopropanol), which shows significant differences in morphology depending on the type of metal of the nanoparticles and dependent of the kind of solvent used, likewise considering only hemispheric nanoparticles, significant differences were found depending on the solvent occupied for the preparation of the extract. The second system, graphene oxide synthesis is obtained by graphite exfoliation in an aqueous/surfactant system supported by A. californica extract, which adds functional groups to the 2D material surface, inducing the possibility of functionalization. Such material was functionalized by the biosynthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles, which adhered to the surface of the material, thus generating AgNPs/GO and AuNPs/GO nanocomposites. The third nanosystem evaluates the obtaining of hybrid nano/microstructures, in which pollen grains of Dimorphotheca ecklonis are used as a reducing and stabilizing agent in the synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles, working at the same time as a biteplate for the adhesion of these, thus generating the hybrid nano/microstructures AgNPs/PG and AuNPs/PG. Finally, we report the evaluation of all the systems as substrates for the application in SERS, occupying methylene blue as a signal molecule. In the same way all the systems exhibited such property of application of the Raman signal, with special preference silver nanostructures, due to the predominant anisotropic morphology; the AuNPs/OG nanocomposites associated with the conglomeration of the particles and the properties of the template, and the nano/microstructures AgNPs/GP due to the agglomeration of the particles and the morphology of the template.CONACY

Effects of lowered temperatures and media on short-term preservation of zebu (Bos indicus) preantral ovarian follicles

The maintenance of follicle quality during the transportation of ovaries is essential for the successful cryopreservation and in vitro development of preantral follicles. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of cooling ovarian tissue on the conservation of zebu cow preantral follicles. Ovarian pieces were immersed in saline or coconut water (CW) solutions and maintained at 4 or 20 °C for 6, 12, or 18 h. Preantral follicles were evaluated by histology and transmission electron microscopy. Storage of ovarian pieces at 20 °C for 12 or 18 h significantly reduced the percentage of morphologically normal follicles compared to controls. In contrast, conservation at 4 °C for up to 18 h and at 20 °C for up to 6 h kept the percentage of normal follicles similar to controls. However, the type of solution that the ovaries were immersed in had little effect on the results. Decreased cellular metabolism probably accounted for better preservation of preantral follicles at 4 °C. In conclusion, zebu cow ovaries were successfully stored at 4 °C for up to 18 h with no morphological damage to preantral follicles. However, at 20 °C, ovaries could only be stored for 6 h

Virtual learning of the digestive system: an experience developing an undergraduate course.

3 p.Cell biology, histology and embryology are three core subjects which are taught early in medicine, dentistry and veterinary science curricula. Collectively, they provide an essential foundation for the subsequent acquisition of clinical knowledge in each discipline; while conversely, an inability to assimilate such knowledge can lead to high failure and dropout rates in the early years of these degrees. Teaching of these sciences has traditionally been delivered through classroom-based methods and can thus be limited by time and financial constraints. Increasingly, the availability of online resources and electronic learning or “e-learning”, is greatly facilitating this learning process while circumventing the need for expensive laboratory equipment (Goldberg, 2007; Silva Lópes, 2003). Using information and communication technology associated with distance education, we set out to produce an e-learning course dedicated to the digestive system, aiming to promote an integrated comprehension. To achieve this, we implemented an undergraduate teaching project at the faculties of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of the National University of Rio Cuarto and also within Medical Sciences of the National University of Cordoba. In this communication we describe our experience of using the Internet in a network of academic integration: virtual teaching of the digestive system as an integrated thematic unitof embryology, histology and cell biology.Fil: Juri, Hugo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; ArgentinaFil: Ávila, Rodolfo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; ArgentinaFil: Samar, María. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología; ArgentinaFil: Mugnaini, María. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Soñez, Carlos. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Anderson, William. John Radcliffe Hospital. Oxford; United KingdomOtras Medicina Básic

Estudio descriptivo del trastorno de ansiedad asociado a las tecnologías digitales

Una de las consecuencias del impacto de la tecnología en la vida humana es el trastorno clínico denominado tecnofobia. Podría considerarse como una fobia específica situacional. Dado que el trastorno presenta variaciones según el contexto cultural, el objetivo ha sido describir el trastorno en la población adulta argentina (18-79 años), utilizando una escala diagnóstica localmente desarrollada. Un 12.1% de la muestra en estudio cumple todos los criterios de tecnofobia. No es posible trazar un perfil de sujeto tecnofóbico, aunque hay asociación entre algunas variables sociodemográficas y distintos factores que componen el constructo teórico tecnofobia, confirmando la multifactorialidad del trastorno. La percepción del impacto social de las tecnologías en nuestro país es negativa, en general, lo que confirma la importancia del factor cultural en este trastorno

El empleo de las TIC (Website y Facebook) para la difusión de la nueva terminología histológica y embriológica internacional

Desde un enfoque del aprendizaje colaborativo a través de la computadora hemos propuesto el empleo de website y redes sociales para la difusión de la nueva terminología histológica y embriológica internacionalhttp://www.proed.unc.edu.ar/jornadas/2015/actas%20jornadas%202015.pdfFil: Ávila, Rodolfo Esteban. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Cátedra de Biología Celular, Histología y Embriología; ArgentinaFil: Samar, María Elena. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Histología y Embriología A; ArgentinaOtras Comunicación y Medio

Effect of different cryoprotectants on the structural preservation of follicles in frozen zebu bovine (Bos indicus) ovarian tissue

Cryopreservation of ovarian tissue is a new and promising technique for germ-line storage. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of four cryoprotectants (at two concentrations each) on the preservation of zebu bovine preantral follicles after ovarian cryostorage. Strips of ovarian cortex were cryopreserved using glycerol (GLY; 10 or 20%), ethylene glycol (EG), propanediol (PROH) or dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO; 1.5 or 3 M). In addition, a toxicity test was performed for each cryoprotectant by exposing the ovarian tissue to them without freezing. Tissues were analyzed by histology and transmission electron microscopy. Ovarian tissue frozen in either concentration of DMSO or PROH or in 10% GLY retained a higher percentage of morphologically normal follicles (73–88%) than tissue frozen in 20% GLY or in either concentration of EG (16–52%). In the toxicity test, exposure of tissues to DMSO, PROH or GLY resulted in higher percentages of normal follicles (80–97%) than exposure to EG (49%). Electron microscopy revealed damage to the ultrastructure of follicles frozen in 10% GLY, while follicles cryopreserved in DMSO and PROH at either concentration exhibited normal ultrastructure. In conclusion, DMSO and PROH were the most effective cryoprotectants for zebu ovarian tissue, preserving the structural integrity of somatic and reproductive cells within the ovary

The first South American free online virtual morphology laboratory: creating history

Fil: Ávila, Rodolfo Esteban . Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología; Argentina.Fil: Samar, María Elena. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología; Argentina.Fil: Metcalfe, David. University Hospital Coventry & Warwickshire. Warwick Medical School; United Kingdoom.Fil: Evans, Jessica. Kingston Hospital. Department of Surgery. Kingston upon Thames; United Kingdoom.Fil: Abrahams, Peter H. University Hospital Coventry & Warwickshire. Warwick Medical School; United Kingdoom.Fil: Sugand, Kapil. Imperial College. MSk Lab; United Kingdoom.Biomedical teaching has been revolutionized through multimedia and global collaboration. In a joint effort between Argentina and the UK, a Virtual Laboratory has been created for teaching mor- phological topics interactively pertaining to cell biology, histology and embryology intended for Health Science students at the National University of Cordoba, Argentina. Aim: To observe whether the online resource has changed the attitudes of student-users and offers a suitable replacement to traditional labora- tory work. Methods: Through a central website that has evolved for almost a decade and most likely the first of its kind on the continent, the virtual laboratory program was launched and students were recruited to participate in a basic survey on the significance of the virtual laboratory program to their learning needs, attitudes to using electronic media and whether they agreed that classroom teaching should be obsolete altogether. Results: 291 student-users were recruited in the academic year of 2010. 267, of whom 92% used the virtual laboratory as a principal tool for learning. The online virtual practical work-guide de- signed by faculty was the most commonly used supplementary resource. A minority of students still pre- ferred to supplement their learning by traditional methods such as books and classroom notes as well as external online resources. Conclusion: Our interactive virtual program was unanimously preferred as the principle learning tool for morphological sciences. The Virtual Laboratory, using popular electronic mul- timedia and inter-continental partnership, will enhance all aspects of biomedical education as a unique teaching resource in South America.http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=36717info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionFil: Ávila, Rodolfo Esteban . Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología; Argentina.Fil: Samar, María Elena. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología; Argentina.Fil: Metcalfe, David. University Hospital Coventry & Warwickshire. Warwick Medical School; United Kingdoom.Fil: Evans, Jessica. Kingston Hospital. Department of Surgery. Kingston upon Thames; United Kingdoom.Fil: Abrahams, Peter H. University Hospital Coventry & Warwickshire. Warwick Medical School; United Kingdoom.Fil: Sugand, Kapil. Imperial College. MSk Lab; United Kingdoom.Otras Ciencias de la Salu

Comportamiento ultraestructural de la inervación de las células intersticiales durante la diferenciación del ovario del embrión de pollo cultivado con 17- 8- ESTRADIOL

In a previous work we demonstrated the relationship between nerve fibers and nerve endings and interstitial cells (estrogen producing cells) from the atrophic right ovary and the medulla in the left functioning ovary during embryogenesis in the chick, ¡u ovo. Besides, the local production of neurotrophins by steroidogenic cells is probably involved in the control of ovarian innervation. The objective of the present study was to analyze ultrastructurally the innervation during the diffcrentiation of chick ovary cultured with 17- 13 -estradiol. Explants of right and teft ovaries from seven to nineteen days in ovo development were cultured separately for 4 days in MEM (controls) or in the presence of 17- II -estradiol (problems). In controls the electron microscopic examination of the innervation explants from chick cmbryo ovaries revealed that the interstitial cells are well innervated. Nerve fibres and nervecndings were observed in close contact with steroid-producing cells, a similar pattern of innervation that those of the fifteen days ovaries inovo det\u27elopinent. Problems cultured from seven days showed nerve fibres and nerve endings at difference to controls. These results ¡o vitro suggest that innervation of the ovaries is controled by indirect mechanism via the hypothalamic-pituitary system and local production factors. More experiments are necessary to confirm this results.  En trabajos previos hemos demostrado la relación entre las fibras y terminaciones nerviosas y las célülas intersticiales (células productoras de estrógenos) en el ovario derecho atrófico y la médula del ovario izquierdo funcionante, in ovo. Además la producción local de neurotrofinas por la células esteroidogénicas está probablemente comprometida en el control de la inervación ovárica. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar ultraestructuralmente la inervación durante la diferenciación del ovario del embrión de pollo cultivado con 17- 13- estradiol. Explantos de ovarios derechos e izquierdos de 7 a 19 días de desarrollo in ovo fueron cultivados separadamente por cuatro días en MEM (controles) en presencia de 17- 13- estradiol (problemas)En los controles,con microscopía electrónica, el examen de la inervación de los explantos de los ovarios de embrión de pollo reveló que las células intersticiales están bien inervadas. Fibras y terminaciones nerviosas fueron observadas en íntimo contacto con las células productoras de esteroides, una estructura similar a la encontrada en la inervación de aquellos ovarios de quince días del desarrollo ¡u ovo. Los cultivos problemas de 7 días cultivados por cuatro días mostraron fibras y terminaciones nerviosas a diferencias del control. Estos resultados in vitro sugieren que la inervación de los ovarios es controlada por mecanismos indirectos por vía del sistema hipotálamo hipofisario y de la producción de factores locales. Más experimentos son necesarios para confirmar estos resultados